This is the first report on comparative characterization of the taxonomic diversity of microbial communities in the hydrotherms of the Baikal Region with various physicochemical conditions by molecular genetic methods. Comparative analysis of the composition of the dominant taxa revealed the differences depending on sampling site and sample type. The community of high-temperature areas with a water temperature of 55–73°С was shown to contain a high proportion of thermophilic bacteria Deinococcota, Acetothermia, Aquificota and, Armatimonadota; at temperatures below 35°С, the representatives of Bacteroidota were predominant. The members of the phyla Pseudomonadota and Bacillota were found within a wide temperature range of hydrotherms under study, which was indicative of their broad adaptive potential. In thermal and subthermal springs, the main factors determining the diversity of communities were mineralization, sodium, chloride and sulfate ion content, as well as temperature.

Microbial diversity in the fecal samples of Bactrian camels in Transbaikalia under various grazing management (free grazing (group I), mixed (group II), and stall housing (group III)) was revealed using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene variable regions. The microbial community of the fecal microbiota was found to be diverse and to depend on the camel grazing management. The most common phyla of the camel fecal microbiota were Bacillota and Bacteroidota. The phylum Verrucomicrobiota was a codominant in the fecal microbiota of groups I and II of animals, and Actinomycetota, in the feces of camels of group III. Changes in the fecal microbiota structure and taxonomic diversity occurred as camel grazing management and feeding conditions changed. Free grazing resulted in high diversity of the prokaryotic community in the fecal microbiota. In addition, differences in taxonomic composition depending on sex were found, which were in the abundance of taxa rather than in their presence or absence. The results contribute to the current understanding of the fecal microbiota of camels under different management conditions and provide evidence of the influence of nutrition on the fecal microbiota under different management conditions. Our results may be useful for addressing the issues of reproduction and conservation of the Transbaikal camel (Camelus bactrianus).

The taxonomic composition of microbial communities of eight large fresh lakes of Buryatia was studied. These lakes are Baikal, Kotokel, Gusinoye, Shchuchye and lakes of the Eravno-Kharginskaya group (Isinga, Gunda, Sosnovoe, Bolshoe Eravnoe). They have water management, fishery and recreational significance. At the phylum level, the microbial communities of the studied lakes were similar but the phyla abundance was varied. They consisted of typical freshwater taxa Pseudomonadota, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Cyanobacteriota, Firmicutes, Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia. At the genus level, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas were numerous in all lakes. Other dominant taxa were Flavobacterium, hgcI clade in the fresh lakes of the Baikal region and Exiguobacterium, Klebsiella in the Eravno-Kharginskaya lakes. The feature of Eravno-Kharginskie lakes was the abundance of the genera Exiguobacterium and Klebsiella, as well as the detection of sanitary-significant bacteria. These facts may indicate pollution as a result of pressing various factors, including anthropogenic ones.

From the alkaline ecosystems of Zabaikalie, 12 monocultures of cyanobacteria belonging to the genera Anabaena, Leptolyngbya, Mastigocladus, Nodularia, Phormidium, Pseudanabaena and Synechococcus were isolated. The studied organisms showed themselves to be thermo- and alkaliphiles. The temperature optimum growth of cultures ranged from 40-55°C. Cultures were able to grow at alkaline pH values (8.5-9.5) and in a wide range of NaCl concentrations (0 to 100 g/l). Based on analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, 5 strains of cyanobacteria were identified and described.

Институт общей и экспериментальной биологии СО РАН Россия, 670011, г.Улан-Удэ

Аннотация. Изучено таксономическое разнообразие микробного сообщества микроб

Институт общей и экспериментальной биологии СО РАН Россия, 670043, г.Улан-Удэ, ул

Аннотация.Были изучены пресные озера Дикое и Котокельское, расположенные в прибрежной полосе озера Байкал, в период негативных изменений, связанных с интенсивным цветением водоемов.На этапе исследований озера характеризовались щелочными значениями рН воды.По содержанию хлорофилла а озера соответствовали мезотрофному (оз

The article presents the results of studying the physicochemical parameters and microbiological characteristics of mineral springs located on the territory of Tyva.It has shown that the water of the sources of interest has neutral pH values, the water temperature vary from 1.2 to 10 °C.Hydrocarbonate, chloride and sulfate ions, as well as calcium and magnesium cations prevail in the waters of all springs under study.Microbial communities in the studied springs of Tyva are represented by a wide variety of producers and destructors of organic substance.Quite high peptidase activity has been observed in the samples of water, sludge and fouling of the springs, indicating a high destruction of organic substance in the microbial community.Proteolytic and amylolytic bacteria were dominate in the samples of the studied springs of Tyva.

Аннотация.Методом секвенирования гена 16S рРНК изучено разнообразие микробного сообщества в различных биотопах горячего источника Алла.В сообществах воды, микробных матов и осадка выявлены филотипы, принадлежащие к 17 филумам домена Bacteria и 1 -домена Archaea.Видовое богатство и разнообразие микробного сообщества было выше в микробных матах и донных осадках, чем в воде.Особенностью таксономического состава донных осадков является присутствие

А. В. Малыгин, Д. Д. Цыренова, С. В. Зайцева, Д. Д. Бархутова.Факторы, контролирующие состояние гидротермальных экосистем Байкальской рифтовой зоны 15 tors that may play an important role in the functioning of the microbial community.Three main components were identified to explain 98% of the observed variations.The first major component explains 77% of the observed changes and represents the content of sulfate and sulfide ions, as well as redox potential.The greatest contribution to the second component is made by pH and the content of hydrocarbonate ions, they determine 12% of changes in the environment.The water temperature components are less important, explaining the 5.5% variation.

The diversity and functional activity of the microbial community of the bottom sediments and water of the thermal alkaline Umkhei Lake (Baikal Rift Zone), which was formed as a result of groundwater discharge, has been studied. The lake water is shown to be thermal hydrocarbonate–sulphate–sodium water of the Kuldur type. Lake sediments are characterized by higher temperatures and greater saturation with microelements. A comparative analysis of the species abundance of the microbial community of water and bottom sediments shows high indices of diversity in all layers of sediments, while the diversity in water is low. An analysis of taxonomic diversity reveals the predominance of the members of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Chloroflexi phyla in the community of water and bottom sediments. The presence of bacteria with various metabolic pathways of substance and energy transformation in both production and destruction processes is determined. The sequences belonging to the genus Hydrogenophaga (class β-Proteobacteria, phylum Proteobacteria), which is an indicator of the deep geochemical processes of hydrogen production, are found in the bottom layers of sediments. The rates of microbial processes of photosynthesis, dark assimilation of CO2, sulfate reduction, and methanogenesis are determined to characterize the functional activity. The main part of the organic-matter production in water is found to be formed as a result of the activity of chemolithoautotrophic prokaryotes. In the microbial community, the producers synthesize organic matter using volcanogenic carbon dioxide enriched in the heavy isotope (δ13C). An analysis of the rates of terminal processes indicates that sulfate reduction is the main process.

8 monocultures of cyanobacteria belonging to the genera Anabaena, Phormidium, Mastigocladus, Leptolyngbya and Synechococcus were isolated from the thermal springs of Buryatia and Mongolia.Identification and description of cultures was carried out using microscopic and molecular biological methods.The studied organisms were mainly thermophiles with optimum growth at 40 °C.The cyanobacteria of the spring Eroo (Mongolia) were studied for the first time.

Electrogenic, molecular and some other properties of a microbial mat isolated from the Kuchiger hot spring (Kurumkansky District, Republic of Buryatia) were studied. Molecular analysis showed that representatives of Proteobacteria (85.5 % of the number of classified bacterial sequences) prevailed in the microbial mat of the Kuchiger springs, among which sulfur bacteria of the genus Thiothrix were the most numerous. In the microbial mat there were bacteria from the families Rhodocyclaceae, Comamonadaceae and Flavobacteriaceae. Phylum Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria/Chloroplast, Fusobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Acidobacteria, Chlorobi, Spirochaetes, Verrucomicrobia, Firmicutes, Deinococcus-Thermus, Chloroflexi and Actinobacteria are also noted in the composition of the microbial mat. Under the experimental conditions using Kuchiger-mat 16 as bioagents, glucose and peptone as substrates, the power of BFC was 240 and 221 mW / m2, respectively. When replacing the substrate with sodium acetate, the efficiency of the BFC was reduced by a factor of 10 (20 mW / m(2)). The prospects of using a microbial mat "Kuchiger-16" as an electrogen in BFC when utilizing alkaline waste water components to generate electricity are discussed.

Hydrolytic bacteria (in particular, proteolytics) are the primary destructors in hot springs. The proteolytic bacteria are able to secrete enzymes that are active in wide ranges of pH and temperature. The aim of this work was to study the taxonomic composition, the structure of the bacterial microbial mat, and to study the distribution of peptidases in the thermophilic microbial Garga community. For the study, we sampled the microbial mat at a water temperature of 54.2 °C and a pH of 8.3. Hydrochemical analysis of water showed a high content of sulfates, 390 mg/dm3. The microelement composition of water showed that the Garga water had increased concentrations of B, Rb, Li, Ba, Sr. We analyzed the taxonomic diversity of the microbial community in the hot spring Garga at a temperature zone of 54 °C. The structure of the microbial mat is represented by various phylogenetic groups of mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria, with various metabolic and ecological functions. The dominant group in this community was the phylum Firmicutes (64 %). The analysis of the collected metagenomic sequences of the microbial community allowed the detected peptidases in the microbial community in the hot spring Garga to be for the first time systematized and characterized. Comparisons of metagenomic sequences of representative data showed a dominance of serine peptidase class enzymes. Natural peptidases in the investigated microbial community ensure the hydrolysis of biopolymers at the first stages of the destruction of organic matter and may have biotechnological relevance.

A comprehensive research of water and cyanobacterial mats in Mogoysky and Shurindinsky thermal springs (Baikal rift zone) was carried out by hydrochemical, chemical, microbiological, and mineralogical methods. Detailed descriptions of the springs location and their characteristics were given. According to their chemical composition, the springs were classified as fluoride-bicarbonate (Mogoysky) and bicarbonatesulfate (Shurindinsky) types with a high concentration of fluorine. This is explained by the interaction of infiltration waters with embedding rocks. A wide diversity of cyanobacteria (14 species of 7 genera) was revealed in the investigated springs. The development of cyanobacteria in microbial mats was observed at water outflows at the temperatures of 37.8 to 76.6°C. Chlorophyll a was the predominant pigment in microbial mats of the studied springs, indicating predominance of cyanobacteria in the mat. Deposition of various pyrite forms, celestite (SrSO4), fluorite (CaF2), calcium carbonate, elemental sulfur, barite, and amorphous silica was found in microbial mats.

The prodigious growth of filamentous algae that has been occurring since 2011 in the littoral zone of Lake Baikal poses an acute ecological problem. Samples of algal biomass and aqueous vegetation were collected from the littoral zone of Lake Baikal and converted by hydrothermal treatment into biofuel in the presence of ammonium heptamolybdate. It was demonstrated that algal biomass from the Baikal littoral zone could be a potential source of feedstock for producing biofuel by thermocatalytic treatment. The addition of heavy-oil resids to algal and aquatic vegetation biomass increased the motor-fuel yield and modified its composition.