针对通辽市大力推广的无膜浅埋滴灌节水技术,在提高产量与经济效益的基础上,为建立完整的节水技术与农艺措施相结合的玉米节水高效种植模式,设置 4 个不同灌水量处理,通过测定玉米生长指标和产量,测算经济效益,结果表明,生育期有效降雨量(≥5 mm)为 284.4 mm,单次滴灌量 30 mm(总灌溉量 189 mm)的处理,玉米各项生长指标表现最好,有效穗粒数、百粒重、产量等指标高于其它处理,经济效益提高较显著,是适宜的灌溉水量处理.

生产有机生态稻米的经济效益巨大,有机生态稻米的优质生产必须采取水稻全程病虫害绿色防控与统防统治相结合措施,探索水稻病虫防控低碳、环保、可持续发展新模式,提高科学防病治虫水平,保障农业生产、农产品质量、生态环境"三大"安全,同时,减少化学农药施用量与施用次数,降低了农药残留,确保水稻的品质安全,保护生态环境发展,取得较好的经济、生态、和社会效益.

针对通辽市日光温室土壤根结线虫发生情况,采用问卷调查和实地走访的方法对通辽市5个旗县,50户农户,100亩棚室开展调查.结果表明,调查涉及的旗县均有根结线虫发生,发生程度有轻有重.采用威百亩闷棚的防治根结线虫效果最好,石灰氮闷棚次之,微生物防效最差.采用抗线虫品种和非带病种苗、合理轮作、严格按照药剂防治方法操作等多种方法相结合的防治方案,能收到良好防治效果.

Taking soil with 20 years pepper continuous cropping as research object,this paper set up 4 treatments,including:returning decompoed corn straw to fields,wheat filling,adding anti-crop biological bacterial fertilizer,weibaimu fumigation and disinfection,etc.;and took pepper continuous cropping soil without any amendment as the contrast.The paper explored the effect of different treatments on composition of soil bacterial community and diversity in pepper continuous cropping soil.The results showed that returning decompoed corn straw to fields,wheat filling,adding anti-crop biological becterial bacterial fertilizer,all had significantly increased Chao1 index and Shannon index.And the diversity index of treatment by adding anti-crop biological bacterial fertilizer was the highest.Different treatments had extremely significant effect on bacterial community structure of pepper continuous cropping soil.At the phylum level,treatments of returning decompoed corn straw to fields and wheat filling had significantly increased the relative abundance Gemmatimonadetes.Treatment of returning decompoed corn straw to fields and weibaimu fumigation and disinfection had significantly increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria.All these 4treatments had significantly increased the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia.Weibaimu fumigation and disinfection treatment had significantly increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and decreased that of Proteobacteria.At the genus level,4 treatments had significantly increased the relative abundance of Flavisolibacter.Treatments of returning decompoed corn straw to fields,wheat filling and adding anticrop biological bacterial fertilizer had significantly increased the relative abundance of Steroidobacter and Terrimonas.Treatments of returning decompoed corn straw to fields,and wheat filling significantly increased the relative abundance of MND1 and Haliangium.Treatments of returning decompoed corn straw to fields,and adding anti-crop biological bacterial fertilizer had significantly increased the relative abundance of Subgroup＿10 and Niastella.The wheat filling treatment had significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacillus.Adding anti-crop biological bacterial fertilizer had significantly increased the relative abundance of Sphingomonas,Pseudomonas,and Streptomyces.To sum up,treatments of returning decompoed corn straw to fields,wheat filling and adding anti-crop biological bacterial fertilizer had better effect,and the effect of weibaimu fumigation and disinfection treatment was the worst.

本文研究了4个水平的氮肥和3个水平的有机肥自由组合处理对番茄和黄瓜产量的影响,结果表明:增加2倍用量的有机肥对提高番茄产量效果较明显,对黄瓜产量影响相对较小.施用底肥有机肥15 m3/667 m2、尿素15 kg/667 m2的用量,能够在提高黄瓜和番茄产量的同时降低成本.如果在有机肥较丰富且成本较低的棚区,建议适当增加有机肥用量.