【Objective】Shiyan city was the core water source area of the middle route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, a comprehensive understanding of the current situation of livestock and poultry pollution and its potential threat to farmland would provide a basis for strengthening environmental risk control.【Method】This paper used the livestock manure environmental risk assessment model to quantitatively analyze the source structure of livestock and poultry manure in different areas of Shiyan city in 2020, and the environmental risk from the perspective of the balance between planting and raising was comprehensively evaluated.【Result】The total amount of livestock and poultry manure reached 306.85×104 t in 2020, and it was mainly distributed in Yunyang district, Danjiangkou city and Fangxian county. COD production was the highest (57.00×104 t), followed by TN (2.63×104 t), and TP production was less (0.65×104 t). The total equivalent standard pollution load was 15.532×1010 m3, and the source structure was obviously inconsistent in different regions. TP was the primary pollutant in livestock and poultry breeding, and its equivalent standard pollution load accounts for 41.68% of the total load, followed by TN with the pollution load rate of 33.85%, and the lowest equivalent standard pollution load rate of COD was 24.47%. Cattle was the primary source of non-point source pollution in livestock and poultry production in Shiyan city, contributing 49.47% to the total pollution load of the equivalent standard, followed by poultry (21.60%). According to the result of environmental pollution risk assessment, the load of animal excretion per hectare of arable land in Shiyan city was 10.15 t·hm-2, the alarm value was 0.338 and the risk level was Ⅰ, indicating the environmental pollution was “no risk”. The load intensity of TN and TP was 0.09 and 0.02 t·hm-2, respectively, and the environmental risk index was 1.023 and 1.223, respectively, but there were obvious spatial differences among regions. More than half of the whole city had the potential pollution risk of livestock and poultry breeding, among which Maojian district and Yunyang District were the most serious. With phosphorus as the measurement standard, the total amount of breeding in Shiyan city was close to saturation, the total amount of livestock and poultry must be reduced by 98.51×104 pigs equivalent on the existing basis.【Conclusion】It was of great significance to maintain a reasonable scale of poultry breeding (≤441.00×104 pigs equivalent) and take measures of pollutant abatement, in order to promote the balance of planting and breeding and orderly development of livestock and poultry breeding in Shiyan city.

茶产业是秦巴山区优势特色产业,是农业经济的重要支柱产业,在实现脱贫攻坚中起到至关重要的作用.随着乡村振兴战略的实施,茶产业在乡村振兴中的战略地位日渐突出.为了探索鄂西山区茶产业在实现乡村振兴中的重要途径,为茶产业发展提供合理有效的建议,以湖北省十堰市张湾区柏林镇白马山村为例,从利益联结机制、人才队伍建设、产业结构优化、茶文化传播等方面,结合自身发展特点提出茶产业助推乡村振兴的路径:坚持党建引领,优化利益联结;优化种植结构,提高茶叶品质;注重品牌品质,优化茶叶产业结构;加强人才建设,营造良好用人环境;传播国茶文化,促进产业融合发展;做好政策服务,保障产业健康发展.

为探究湖北省羊肚菌主产区农户绿色低碳农业技术选择行为的影响因素,推动农业绿色低碳发展,以湖北省羊肚菌主产区农户绿色低碳种植模式选择行为的调查数据为基础,运用Logistic模型分析影响农户采取绿色低碳农业技术的影响因素.结果表明:农户受教育层次、其他经济作物种植经验、技术获取渠道,以及土地成本等是正向影响农户绿色低碳农业技术选择行为的4 个关键因素.因此,建议因地制宜制定羊肚菌产业发展政策,保持产业发展相关政策的连贯性与持续性,加强对农户的技术培训,完善土地流转机制,完善产业政策服务体系,鼓励支持更多有技术、有文化的年轻群体参与羊肚菌产业的发展.

Morchella is a rare edible and medicinal fungus with high nutritional and medical value, which has broad prospects for development. In recent years, the Morchella industry has developed rapidly, and it has become one of the leading industries of regional characteristic edible fungi in Shiyan. At the same time, Shiyan is also one of the important producing areas of Morchella in China. This study analyzed and discussed the current situation of Morchella industry in Shiyan, summarized the problems existing in the development of Morchella industry in Shiyan, and put forward suggestions on breeding fine varieties,optimizing the mode of cultivation, rational planning, and developing intensive processing.

本文以十堰典型丘陵地茶园为研究对象,通过不同梯度有机肥替代化肥施用量,测定5个不同处理下百芽重、发芽密度和内含物质指标,研究茶叶产量和品质变化.结果表明,有机肥施用能显著提高茶叶品质;有机肥20％替代处理下对茶叶产量提升有显著影响.

为研究不同覆盖模式对阳荷出笋情况的影响,以鄂西北山区阳荷块茎为种源,采用黑膜、黑桶、秸秆3种覆盖模式进行对比试验研究.结果表明:黑膜和黑桶覆盖模式种植下,阳荷种姜的发芽率均达到90％以上.黑膜覆盖模式下种植效果最好,阳荷笋的平均长度、单笋质量及产量分别为15.81±2.02 cm、17.73±1.00 g、2622.45±100.05 kg·hm-2,并且阳荷笋外相较好,出笋时间最早.秸秆覆盖模式种植阳荷笋的成本虽然最低,但出笋质量较差,主要表现在对阳荷笋直立生长存在影响.在实际操作中,黑膜覆盖种植模式操作简单便捷,方便定期通风和数据统计分析.综合分析,黑膜覆盖是阳荷出笋生长较适宜的种植模式.