【Objective】Shiyan city was the core water source area of the middle route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, a comprehensive understanding of the current situation of livestock and poultry pollution and its potential threat to farmland would provide a basis for strengthening environmental risk control.【Method】This paper used the livestock manure environmental risk assessment model to quantitatively analyze the source structure of livestock and poultry manure in different areas of Shiyan city in 2020, and the environmental risk from the perspective of the balance between planting and raising was comprehensively evaluated.【Result】The total amount of livestock and poultry manure reached 306.85×104 t in 2020, and it was mainly distributed in Yunyang district, Danjiangkou city and Fangxian county. COD production was the highest (57.00×104 t), followed by TN (2.63×104 t), and TP production was less (0.65×104 t). The total equivalent standard pollution load was 15.532×1010 m3, and the source structure was obviously inconsistent in different regions. TP was the primary pollutant in livestock and poultry breeding, and its equivalent standard pollution load accounts for 41.68% of the total load, followed by TN with the pollution load rate of 33.85%, and the lowest equivalent standard pollution load rate of COD was 24.47%. Cattle was the primary source of non-point source pollution in livestock and poultry production in Shiyan city, contributing 49.47% to the total pollution load of the equivalent standard, followed by poultry (21.60%). According to the result of environmental pollution risk assessment, the load of animal excretion per hectare of arable land in Shiyan city was 10.15 t·hm-2, the alarm value was 0.338 and the risk level was Ⅰ, indicating the environmental pollution was “no risk”. The load intensity of TN and TP was 0.09 and 0.02 t·hm-2, respectively, and the environmental risk index was 1.023 and 1.223, respectively, but there were obvious spatial differences among regions. More than half of the whole city had the potential pollution risk of livestock and poultry breeding, among which Maojian district and Yunyang District were the most serious. With phosphorus as the measurement standard, the total amount of breeding in Shiyan city was close to saturation, the total amount of livestock and poultry must be reduced by 98.51×104 pigs equivalent on the existing basis.【Conclusion】It was of great significance to maintain a reasonable scale of poultry breeding (≤441.00×104 pigs equivalent) and take measures of pollutant abatement, in order to promote the balance of planting and breeding and orderly development of livestock and poultry breeding in Shiyan city.

Taking Spodoptera litura as a research object, based on the distribution records of S. litura in China and the climate factor information in the global climate database, we projected its potential distribution in three periods, near current（1970-2000）, the 2050s（2041-2060） and the 2070s（2061-2080）, and the overwintering boundary in China using niche modeling. The Jackknife method was used to evaluate the influence of climatic factors on the distribution of S.litura. The results showed that the minimum temperature in the coldest month（bio6） was the most important climatic factor influencing the distribution of S. litura. At present, the most suitable distribution areas of S. litura in China are mainly concentrated in East China and Central China. Under the condition of future climate warming, in the 2050s, the suitable distribution area of S. litura in China would expand and move northward, and the most suitable distribution area in Jiangsu, Henan, and Anhui would expand significantly, and Shaanxi and Shanxi would become the most suitable distribution areas. In the 2070s, the suitable distribution range would continue to expand northward, but the most suitable areas would be reduced. The natural overwintering area of S. litura in China is in the area where the minimum temperature in the coldest month of winter is above 0 ℃, and its natural overwintering boundary is roughly consistent with the 0 ℃ boundary in winter. In terms of topography, the natural overwintering boundary of S. litura is mainly distributed along the northern line of the Hengduan Mountains, Qinling Mountains, and Taihang Mountains in China, and its distribution area is mainly in the second and third steps in China. With future climate warming, the natural overwintering range of S. litura will expand to high latitudes and high altitudes.

本文选取3个辣椒品种和1个番茄品种,调查十堰地区茄科蔬菜病虫害发生情况,以期摸清病虫害发生规律,为当地茄科蔬菜病虫害科学防治提供参考依据,保障蔬菜生产安全.结果表明:十堰地区辣椒发生真菌性病害5种、生理性病害1种、虫害1种;番茄发生真菌性病害2种;病害重于虫害.其中,重发病害为辣椒白绢病和番茄晚疫病,发病率分别高达89.09%、100.00%,病情指数分别为90.30、100.00.

为探究湖北省羊肚菌主产区农户绿色低碳农业技术选择行为的影响因素,推动农业绿色低碳发展,以湖北省羊肚菌主产区农户绿色低碳种植模式选择行为的调查数据为基础,运用Logistic模型分析影响农户采取绿色低碳农业技术的影响因素.结果表明:农户受教育层次、其他经济作物种植经验、技术获取渠道,以及土地成本等是正向影响农户绿色低碳农业技术选择行为的4 个关键因素.因此,建议因地制宜制定羊肚菌产业发展政策,保持产业发展相关政策的连贯性与持续性,加强对农户的技术培训,完善土地流转机制,完善产业政策服务体系,鼓励支持更多有技术、有文化的年轻群体参与羊肚菌产业的发展.

Morchella is a rare edible and medicinal fungus with high nutritional and medical value, which has broad prospects for development. In recent years, the Morchella industry has developed rapidly, and it has become one of the leading industries of regional characteristic edible fungi in Shiyan. At the same time, Shiyan is also one of the important producing areas of Morchella in China. This study analyzed and discussed the current situation of Morchella industry in Shiyan, summarized the problems existing in the development of Morchella industry in Shiyan, and put forward suggestions on breeding fine varieties,optimizing the mode of cultivation, rational planning, and developing intensive processing.

本研究利用杏鲍菇菌渣和香菇菌渣替代常规配方中的木屑和甘蔗渣工厂化栽培杏鲍菇(Pleurotus eryngii),研究不同配方对其生长特性和经济效益的影响.结果表明,与常规配方相比,杏鲍菇菌渣配方组的经济效益均高于对照组,其中配方SMS4(杏鲍菇菌渣15％、木屑10％、玉米芯40％、麸皮18％、玉米粉7％、豆粕7％、石膏1.5％和石灰1.5％)的栽培效果最佳.说明利用杏鲍菇菌渣进行杏鲍菇的工厂化栽培具有可行性.

海拔是影响水稻产量和品质的重要环境因素,安顺市农科院从省内外引进12个不同类型的优质水稻品种在1400m海拔进行比较试验,对参试品种的主要农艺性状进行比较,从中筛选出适宜中高海拔区域种植的优质高产稳产水稻,以提高水稻种植效益,促进本地区农业增效、农民增收,保障地方粮食安全.

为明确辣椒根腐病病原,从田间采集分离、纯化、鉴定、柯赫氏法则验证病原菌,并开展高氏15号生物菌剂对辣椒根腐病的防治效果和促生作用研究.结果表明,通过形态学和分子生物学鉴定(ITS、EF-1a、IGS基因序列比对及进化树分析)发现,引起该地区辣椒根腐病的病原物为茄病镰刀菌(Fusarium solani).柯赫氏法则完成了辣椒根腐病的回接鉴定试验.田间防效和促生结果显示,多粘类芽孢杆菌在240 g/667 m2,高氏15号菌剂在50 g/穴和75 g/穴,甲霜·恶霉灵1 500倍液防治辣椒根腐病效果最好,均达到70％以上.经试验处理的株高、根长、整株鲜重、根鲜重和根干重和空白对照相比有显著差异性.

郧单19是湖北省十堰市农业科学院玉米育种团队以WD01为母本、WD02为父本,经多年育种实践,用美国玉米带种质×西南山区地方种质导入热带种质选育而成的玉米品种.本文介绍了玉米品种郧单19的主要特征特性,并从种植密度、施肥技术、田间管理和病虫草害综合防治等方面对其高产栽培技术进行了阐述,以促进其大面积推广与利用.

蔬菜种植行业属于劳动力密集型行业,移栽是蔬菜生产中劳动力消耗较大的环节之一,使用蔬菜移栽机移栽蔬菜可减少劳动力的投入,降低生产成本.但由于蔬菜具有多样性与特殊性,移栽环节一直是蔬菜机械化生产的瓶颈.为掌握适宜机械移栽的农艺程序,使农机与农艺相适应,文章从育苗、移栽两个方面介绍山地蔬菜移栽农机农艺结合技术,以期通过机械移栽在大幅提高移栽进度的同时确保蔬菜移栽质量,从而提高农机的区域适应性.

为探索粳型糯稻新品种‘安糯2号’的丰产栽培技术模式,采用二次回归通用旋转组合设计,研究该品种产量与主要农艺措施(插秧密度,N、P、K施用量)间的关系.建立产量与各因素间的数学模型:Y=513.31-12.83X1-20.03X2+4.12X3+ 8.85X4+ 3.69X12-13.68X22-6.25X32-0.55X42-0.24X1X2+ 3.55X1X3+1.33X1X4+1.61X2X3-4.11X2X4-0.70X3X4.进一步分析得到影响该品种产量的4个因素作用大小依次为施氮量＞栽插密度＞施钾量＞施磷量.通过频数分析得出‘安糯2号’获得500.32 kg/667 m2产量以上的优化方案为:栽插密度(1.145～1.230)×104穴/667 m2,667m2施纯N4.144～4.893 kg、P2O5 8.249～9.752 kg、K2O 11.575～ 13.15 kg.

采用分期播种试验方法,研究不同播种时期对杂交水稻新品种‘金优990’的影响.结果表明:在贵州中高海拔地区,金优990于4月8-15日播种能获得较高产量;不同播种时期对金优990的结实率、穗实粒数影响较大.因此在生产上可以适当调节该品种的播种时间,使其在更有利的环境下抽穗扬花,进而提高结实率保证产量.

'安麦8号'是安顺市农科院于2004年用'黔麦15号'与'安麦5号'杂交,通过系谱法选育而成的常规小麦品种,属半冬性弱筋小麦.该品种具有稳产性、抗病性、适应性强等特点.2012—2014年两度年区试平均产量为4245.00 kg/hm2,2013—2014年度参加贵州省小麦生产示范产量为3990.00 kg/hm2,比对照品种增产11.68%.适宜贵州大部分小麦种植区域种植.

玉米新品种郧单19是十堰市农科院用自选系WD01作母本、自选系WD02作父本选育而成.2010年和2011年参加湖北省二高山组区域试验,两年平均结果:亩产682.23 kg,比对照增产6.74％.该品种春播生育期138天,株型半紧凑.2013年通过湖北省审定,审定编号为:鄂审玉2013006.

2012年在房县红塔乡做追肥试验,每667m2分设追尿素0kg、10kg、20kg、30kg、40kg 5个处理,综合分析,在重施底肥的情况下,该品种适宜的追肥量为每667m2施尿素20~30kg。

<正>堰甜玉28是十堰市农科院玉米所以自选系3P285为母本、自选系3P291为父本杂交育成的甜玉米新品种。2006年和2007年参加湖北省甜玉米区试,两年表现特别突出,特别是在产量和抗性方面尤为突出,2008年通过湖北省品种审定委员会认定。该品种适宜在湖

<正>该品种是十堰市农科院玉米育种研究所杂交选育而成的半紧凑型玉米单交种。2008年3月通过湖北省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号:鄂审玉2008003。该品种以其抗倒性强,果穗出籽率高,籽粒品质好等优点适合在湖北省低山、平原、丘陵地区作春玉米种植。

鄂玉25是十堰市农科院玉米育种研究所以外引系HZ111为母本、以自选系美C为父本选育而成的杂交玉米新品种。该品种高产、优质、抗性好,2005年通过湖北省审定,2006年通过国家审定,适宜在湖北、湖南、贵州等武陵山区种植。

研究结果表明:鄂玉14适宜西南山地玉米带二高山、低山种植;一般条件下鄂玉14最佳播期为4月上旬,最适种植密度为每公顷5.25万株,最佳施肥组合为每公顷N 138kg、P2O545kg、k2O90kg;栽培管理上应施足底肥、轻施苗肥、重施穗肥、巧施粒肥,加强苗期管理,注意防治大小斑病.

从协调小麦分蘖、减轻小麦倒伏、提高小麦产量3个方面研究了氮、磷、钾(N、P、K)肥的施用比例.结果表明,N:P:K施用比例以1:0.4～0.6:1为好,尤以1:0.4:1最佳.