This review considers synchronous and follow-up MASTER Global Robotic Net optical observations of high energy astrophysical phenomena such as fast radio bursts (FRB), gamma-ray bursts (including prompt optical emission polarization discovery), gravitational-wave events, detected by LIGO/VIRGO (including GW170817 and independent Kilonova discovery), high energy neutrino sources (including the detection of IC-170922A progenitor) and others. We report on the first large optical monitoring campaign of the closest at that moment radio burster FRB 180916.J0158+65 simultaneously with a radio burst. We obtained synchronous limits on the optical flux of the FRB 180916.J0158+65 and FRB 200428 (soft gamma repeater SGR 1935+2154) (The CHIME/FRB Collaboration, Nature 2020, 587) at 155093 MASTER images with the total exposure time equal to 2,705,058 s, i.e., 31.3 days. It follows from these synchronous limitations that the ratio of the energies released in the optical and radio ranges does not exceed 4 × 105. Our optical monitoring covered a total of 6 weeks. On 28 April 2020, MASTER automatically following up on a Swift alert began to observe the galactic soft gamma repeater SGR 1935+2154 experienced another flare. On the same day, radio telescopes detected a short radio burst FRB 200428 and MASTER-Tavrida telescope determined the best prompt optical limit of FRB/SGR 1935+2154. Our optical limit shows that X-ray and radio emissions are not explained by a single power-law spectrum. In the course of our observations, using special methods, we found a faint extended afterglow in the FRB 180916.J0158+65 direction associated with the extended emission of the host galaxy.

We report on the earliest detection of the optical transient MASTER OT J123248.62-012924.5 coincident within the error box with the optical and X-ray transient AT2021lfa/ZTF21aayokph. In our images the brightness of the object rises monotonically with $$7\sigma$$ confidence. We interpret this transient as a gamma-ray burst (GRB) characterized by smooth optical self-similar (SOSS) emission, while the nondetection of gamma-ray emission at space observatories is interpreted in terms of the hypothesis of a ‘‘failed’’ GRB. Thus, this is the first detection of a nonmonotonic orphan burst.

— We present the results of early observations for 130 error-boxes of gamma-ray bursts performed with the Mobile Astronomical System of TElescope-Robots (MASTER) global network of robotic telescopes from Moscow State University in fully automatic mode (2011–2017). Among them, GRB 130907A, GRB 120811C, GRB 110801A, GRB 120404A, GRB 140129B, GRB140311B, and GRB 160227A are considered in details. Among these 130 gamma-ray bursts, in the first 60 s after the trigger with the Swift, Fermi, INTEGRAL, MAXI, Lomonosov, and Konus-Wind orbital observatories, the MASTER was pointed on 51 gamma-ray bursts, being the leader in terms of the first pointing. Full observation automation and MASTER own real-time image processing software allowed us to obtain unique data on early optical emission that accompanied 44 gamma-ray bursts (GRB 110801A, GRB120106A, GRB 120404A, GRB 120811C, GRB 120907A, GRB 121011A, GRB 130122A, GRB 130907A, GRB 131030A, GRB 131125A, GRB 140103A, GRB 140108A, GRB 140129B, GRB 140206A, GRB 140304A, GRB 140311B, GRB 140512A, GRB 140629A, GRB 140801A, GRB140907A, GRB 140930B, GRB141028A, GRB 141225A, GRB 150210A, GRB 150211A, GRB 150301B, GRB 150323C, GRB 150404A/Fermi trigger 449861706, GRB 150403A, GRB 150413A, GRB 150518A, GRB 150627A, GRB 151021A, GRB 151215A, GRB 160104A, GRB 160117B, GRB 160131A, GRB 160227A, GRB 160425A, GRB 160611A, GRB 160625B, GRB 160804A, GRB 160910A, GRB 161017A, GRB 161117A, GRB 161119A). We obtain light curves for 13 gamma-ray bursts among the above listed ones and compare the data in the optical (MASTER), X-ray (Swift-XRT), and hard X-ray (Swift-BAT) ranges.

Seven gamma-ray bursts – GRB 130907A, GRB 140311B, GRB 140129B, GRB 160227A, GRB 120404A, GRB 110801A, and GRB 120811C were observed by the MSU MASTER (Mobile Astronomical System of TElescope Robots) Global Network. Full automation of the observations provided for obtaining unique data on the properties of early optical radiation accompanying gamma-ray bursts. The data are compared in the optical (MASTER), X-ray (SWIFT X-ray Telescope, XRT) and gamma (SWIFT Burst Alert Telescope, BAT) ranges. Based on the data obtained, two groups are identified, and their radiation mechanisms are revealed. The effect of gamma-ray bursts on the biosphere of the Earth is determined, and the estimates and the scale of such an effect are considered.