Food bears directly on a nation’s destiny and people’s livelihood. Food security is an important foundation for national security.Currently global food security encounters serious and complex problems, with high and volatile international food prices, rising global population in hunger,and increasing secondary hazards such as regional social unrest. In this context,the issue of food security in Central Asia is once again highlighted. It is especially the case in Uzbekistan, which is the most populous agricultural country in this region. In fact, the issue of food has always been a part of Uzbekistan’s agricultural and economic development. Over the past three decades since its independence, Uzbekistan has basically achieved self-sufficiency in food, and the level of food security has been significantly improved. At present, due to the global economic recession, the complex and volatile international situation, coupled with frequent occurrence of extreme weather, Uzbekistan also faces many risks and challenges in food security. The government of Uzbekistan has taken effective measures to actively address the problem of food supply. Nevertheless, the Russia-Ukraine conflict has brought great uncertainty to the trend of food security in Uzbekistan. The way out of the food security dilemma is still constrained by endogenous and exogenous factors.
1500年布哈拉汗国的建立拉开了中亚近代史的帷幕.由于受到国际背景、地区形势与两国自身状况的影响,16-17世纪汗国与俄国建立起平等贸易关系,且汗国掌控贸易主导权.但自18世纪起,俄国不再将汗国视为平等贸易国,而是向其推行战略性贸易外交政策,尽管汗国依然占据贸易优势地位.进入19世纪上半叶,英、俄大博弈和棉花危机促使俄国强化与汗国的贸易联系,双方贸易天平向俄国倾斜,汗国对俄贸易顺差持续缩小.1868年汗国沦为俄国附属国以后,两国贸易格局发生根本性变化,汗国丧失贸易主导权,俄国完全掌控了汗国的对外贸易.总而观之,汗国与俄国贸易格局演变充分体现了两国政治交往和社会经济互动的变迁规律,从汗国、俄国和国际形势三个维度分析两国贸易演变的动因显得尤为重要.
语言规范的研究主要集中在"语言规范对象"的构成、特点及态度等方面,对"规范对象"变化动态分析涉猎较少.本文以"语言规范对象"为研究内容,通过分析造成其变化的内、外部因素,结合"语言规范对象"自身来说明语言对心理等的反映,从而进一步表明语言的本质属性,加深人们对于语言规范的认识.
