The conronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic exerts a major impact on the world. Understanding the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can help public health personnel to define the prevention and control priorities in practical work. This study summarized the existing literature (update to May 2, 2022) and analyzed and classified the main transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 based on typical cases and laboratory studies, and proposed relevant prevention and personal protection strategies to provide a basis for more accurate and effective control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

目的 了解广东省中小学生脊柱侧凸流行特征,探讨其相关影响因素,为脊柱侧凸的预防控制提供依据.方法 采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,于2020年9-10月在珠三角和非珠三角城市抽取132所中小学校,共38649名9～18岁学生进行脊柱侧凸筛查和相关影响因素问卷调查.结果 调查学生中有1440名检出脊柱侧凸,检出率为3.73％.女生检出率为4.90％,高于男生的2.66％ (x2=134.72,P＜0.01).珠三角地区检出率为4.09％,高于非珠三角地区的3.38％(x2=13.22,P＜0.01).城区检出率为4.51％,高于县区的2.79％(x2=78.70,P＜0.01).检出率随着学段的升高而升高,高中(5.94％)＞初中(4.50％)＞小学(1.35％) (x2=386.89,P＜0.01).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,地区、城乡、性别、学段、中高强度运动、使用电子移动设备、营养状况是学生脊柱侧凸的相关因素(OR=0.41 ～ 3.78,P值均＜0.05).结论 广东省中小学生脊柱侧凸检出率在性别、城乡、学段等方面均存在差异,需重点关注女生、初中学段、高中学段学生,并探索有针对性的科学干预策略.

ObjectiveTo reveal the effects of specific factors on aflatoxin B1 （AFB1） contamination in peanut oil and the status of AFB1 contamination in peanut oil in Guangdong Province from 2017 to 2018 was taken as an example.MethodsA total of 637 peanut oil samples were collected from 21 cities in Guangdong Province from 2017 to 2018， and their labels were recorded. The content of AFB1 in peanut oil was detected according to “GB 5009.22—2016 Determination of aflatoxin group B and group G in foods”. The temperature data of manufacturing place was obtained from ECMWF Reanalysis v5 database （ERA5） and the average temperature of the month before production was calculated， and the correlation between temperature and AFB1 content was then analyzed.ResultsThe total detection rate of AFB1 in peanut oil samples was 65.3% with 24.6% over-standard rate. There was no over-standard sample in the standardized packages， while the bulk samples had a higher over-standard level rate and the median content of AFB1 was significantly higher than that in the standardized package samples. Among several meteorological factors， average temperature of the month before peanut oil production had a strong relevance to the over-standard rate and content of AFB1 in the samples. The median content of AFB1 in bulk peanut oil samples with average temperature of pre-production above 25 ℃ was about 3.5 times that of the samples with average temperature below 22 ℃. However， other meteorological factors showed no correlation with AFB1 content in peanut oil.ConclusionAFB1 in bulk peanut oil samples in Guangdong Province from 2017 to 2018 has a high over-standard rate， and the average temperature of pre-production is a key factor affecting the content of AFB1. Therefore， the government should raise the awareness of the production environment and production process to ensure the quality of bulk peanut oil and reduce the risk of AFB1 exposure and other risks.

广东省疾病预防控制中心将饮用水与健康工作贯穿发展各个阶段,通过系统性工作,逐步建成覆盖全省的城乡饮用水水质监测网络,彻底解决省内部分地区的饮水型地方性氟中毒、砷超标问题,不断提高饮用水与健康监测、分析和评估能力,保障人民群众身体健康.