目的 了解宝应县≥60岁老年人艾滋病相关认知、态度和行为,为制定针对性艾滋病健康教育干预策略提供依据.方法 2020年5月-2021年7月,在宝应县5个艾滋病发病率相对较高的乡镇,随机抽取居住≥ 6个月、年龄≥60岁的农村老年人,采用统一问卷进行知信行调查.结果 共调查1 074人,艾滋病相关知识总体知晓率为60.61％,其中男性(65.18％)高于女性(53.65％),已婚有配偶(63.30％)高于单身(50.86％),以上差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为14.302、11.790,P值均＜0.05).最近6个月24.12％的调查对象有过性生活,6.15％有过婚外性行为经历.不同性别、婚姻状况、文化程度等知晓率差异有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05),随着文化程度的升高而上升(x2趋势=4.325,P＜0.05);调查对象对同性恋的不同态度间知晓率存在差异(x2=17.957,P＜0.05),随着对同性恋宽容度的提升,知晓率呈上升趋势(x22趋势=3.850,P＜0.05).多因素logistic回归分析显示,男性的知晓率是女性的1.697(95％CI:1.285～2.242)倍,已婚有配偶的知晓率是单身的1.681(95％CI:1.248～2.266)倍,文化程度为小学的知晓率是初中及以上的0.594(95％CI:0.361～0.976)(P值均＜0.05).结论 宝应县老年人艾滋病知识知晓率较低,未来应加强健康教育,尤其是将单身(未婚/离婚/丧偶)、文化程度低者作为重点人群.
Objective:To understand the distribution characteristics and data characteristics of tuberculosis in a county from January 2017 to December 2021,and to provide scientific basis for subsequent related prevention and control strategies and measures of tuberculosis.Methods:Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to study the tuberculosis data collected from the "China Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System" in a county for 5 years,and to analyze the three distribution characteristics of tuberculosis in different populations,at different times and indifferent areas. Results:From January 2017 to December 2021,a total of 1421 cases of tuberculosis were reported in a county,with an average annual incidence rate of 38.92/100,000,showing a downward trend. The average annual reported incidence rate of male(53.84/100,000)was higher than that of female(19.03/100,000),the population aged 60 and above was susceptible to tuberculosis,the cumulative number of cases reported by farmers accounted for 74.95％,and the peak period of incidence was from April to June and from September to October each year.The proportion of positive etiology of disease diagnosis increased,and the negative etiology decreased as a whole.Conclusion:The overall reported rate of tuberculosis in a county showed a downward trend in the past five years.The key population of prevention and control strategy is male,farmers aged 60 and above;The key time for prevention and control is from April to June and from September to October every year.Relevant prevention and control departments should strengthen cooperation among all parties,improve the awareness of prevention and control among key residents,and implement the "trinity" prevention and control strategy.
目的 了解高中生艾滋病预防知识和态度现状,为有针对性开展学校艾滋病健康教育活动提供依据.方法 采用整群抽样的方法,随机抽取宝应县某高中3个班级高中生进行问卷调查.结果 艾滋病知识全部知晓率为43.78％,男女性知晓率差异无统计学意义(x2 =0.17,P＞0.05).其中,知晓率最高为“艾滋病的传播途径”(54.4％),最低为“与艾滋病感染者共餐不能传播艾滋病”(30.0％).知识获取途径主要为电视(占54.4％).65.6％的表示反对婚前或婚外性行为,87.78％的表示有必要接受艾滋病宣传教育.结论 宝应县高中生艾滋病预防知识水平较低,应加强学校艾滋病相关健康教育工作.
