Construction workers are exposed to typical risk factors such as noise pollution, high stress, and insufficient sleep. However, it remains unclear whether these hazards have an impact on the fatigue state or cognitive abilities of occupational populations. This study investigates the occurrence and distribution characteristics of fatigue and cognitive status among construction workers and explores relevant influencing factors. We conducted facility construction occupational workers as the study population and collected 3 types of data, including occupational health records, questionnaire measurements, and computer program tests. Occupational fatigue and cognitive decline levels of construction workers were assessed after the work cycle. The study included 114 male construction workers meeting the screening criteria, with a mean age of 28.0 ± 7.2 years. 42.11% of the construction workers were engaged in high-noise exposure (85 A-weighted decibels over an 8-hour period). Questionnaire results showed that after one work cycle, 24 (21.05%) and 28 (24.56%) were in a state of high depression or anxiety, respectively, and 32 were diagnosed with a state of high stress. Occupational fatigue was observed in 70 (61.40%), and cognitive decline was determined in 34 (29.82%). A univariate analysis revealed that participants who smoked, drank alcohol, had high seniority, and high noise exposure was at high risk of developing occupational fatigue. Trial participants with high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, short sleep duration, long working hours, and high noise exposure were more likely to experience cognitive decline. Further multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that high noise exposure had a significant effect on occupational fatigue (OR = 3.2, P < 0.01) and that high noise exposure and insufficient sleep (<6 hours) had a synergistic effect on cognitive decline. This study demonstrated that high noise exposure increased the health risks of fatigue and cognitive decline in construction workers, and there was synergistic effect between noise exposure and insufficient sleep.

Background Circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) is a risk factor for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but the mechanism linking CRD to intestinal barrier dysfunction remains unclear. This preclinical study aimed to clarify whether CRD impairs intestinal barrier integrity via gut microbiota dysbiosis and the “apoptosis-inflammation-oxidative stress” cascade. Methods Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into control (12h light/dark, n=12) and CRD (21-day continuous light, n=12) groups. Circadian disruption was verified via locomotor activity, serum melatonin/serotonin, and clock gene expression. Intestinal barrier function, microbiota, apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress were assessed using FITC-dextran permeability, 16S rRNA sequencing, Western blotting (WB), TUNEL, and ELISA. Results CRD increased intestinal permeability (+114.7%, p<0.001), shortened villi (−25.6%, p=0.018), downregulated tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, p<0.05), and altered microbiota (family-level: decreased Prevotellaceae, increased Bacteroidaceae, p<0.05). It also activated the apoptosis-inflammation-oxidative stress cascade (Caspase-3/β-actin: +1.4-fold, IL-1β: +44.1%, MDA: +50%, CAT: −90%, all p<0.05). Conclusions CRD impairs intestinal barrier integrity via gut microbiota dysbiosis and the apoptosis-inflammation-oxidative stress cascade. These preclinical findings identify gut microbiota and the apoptosis-inflammation-oxidative stress cascade as potential targets for further investigating IBS associated with CRD. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. * CRD : Circadian Rhythm Disruption IBS : Irritable Bowel Syndrome FITC : Fluorescein Isothiocyanate WB : Western Blotting TUNEL : TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling ELISA : Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MT : Melatonin 5-HT : 5-Hydroxytryptamine SOD : Superoxide Dismutase GSH-PX : Glutathione Peroxidase MDA : Malondialdehyde CAT : Catalase OTU : Operational Taxon Units PCA : Principal Component Analysis PCoA : Principal Coordinate Analysis NMDS : Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling SPF : Specific Pathogen-Free ZT : Zeitgeber Time CT : Circadian Time

The effects of neurotoxicant cadmium (Cd) exposure on brain development have not been well elucidated. To investigate this, we have herein subjected pregnant mice to low-dose Cd throughout gestation. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we explored the cellular responses in the embryonic brain to Cd exposure, and identified 18 distinct cell subpopulations that exhibited varied responses to Cd. Typically, Cd exposure impeded the development and maturation of cells in the brain, especially progenitor cells such as neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). It also caused significant cell subpopulation shifts in almost all the types of cells in the brain. Additionally, Cd exposure reduced the dendritic sophistication of cortical neurons in the offspring. Importantly, these changes led to aberrant Ca2+ activity in the cortex and neural behavior changes in mature offspring. These data contribute to our understanding of the effects and mechanisms of Cd exposure on brain development and highlight the importance of controlling environmental neurotoxicant exposure at the population level. Prenatal cadmium exposure impeded the development and maturation of cells in the brain and induced cell subpopulation shifts, which lead to aberrant Ca2+ activities in the cortex and neural behavioral dysfunction in mature offspring.

目的 研究设计液体推进剂事故伤员急救背囊,提高液体推进剂突发事故的应急救援能力.方法 通过分析液体推进剂事故特点及危害、人员救助技术方法及所需药品与装备,对事故伤员急救背囊进行创新性研究设计.结果 该急救背囊配备了洗消模块,抗毒模块,以及多发伤、复合伤急救模块,包含了洗消剂、常用的解毒剂以及常用的对症处理药物和器械、耗材等物品.该背囊结构合理,具备防水性,肩背带、腰部固定带、胸部固定带等设计符合人体工程学的要求,并具有一定的拓展能力.结论 该事故伤员急救背囊解决了既往事故救援过程中无专用急救药品和装备的问题,可应用于液体推进剂突发事故现场救援,满足事故救援中的常见需求.

Significance: Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are crucial for the continuous renewal and regeneration of the small intestinal epithelium. ISC fate decisions are strictly controlled by metabolism. Mitochondria act as the central hubs of energetic metabolism and dynamically remodel their morphology to perform required metabolic functions. Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with a variety of gastrointestinal diseases. Recent Advances: In recent years, several studies have reported that mitochondria are potential therapeutic targets for regulating ISC function to alleviate intestinal diseases. However, how mitochondrial quality control mediates ISCs under physiological conditions and protects against intestinal injury remains to be comprehensively reviewed. Critical Issues: In this review, we summarize the available studies about how mitochondrial metabolism, redox state, dynamics, autophagy, and proteostasis impact ISC proliferation, differentiation, and regeneration, respectively. Future Directions: We propose that remodeling the function of mitochondria in ISCs may be a promising potential future direction for the treatment of intestinal diseases. This review may provide new strategies for therapeutically targeting the mitochondria of ISCs in intestinal diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 42, 494-511.

Abstract Ionizing radiation (IR) is one of the key contributors that cause male infertility by disturbing spermatogenesis. Lycopene, a carotenoid with strong antioxidant properties, was shown to protect against oxidative damage induced by IR in several experimental models. The present study was designed to explore the possible protective effects of lycopene against IR‐induced testicular damage in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were administered lycopene (20 mg/kg) by oral gavage for seven consecutive days prior to a single dose of whole‐body X‐ray irradiation (4 Gy, 1 Gy/min). We observed that lycopene remarkably augmented sperm motility and reduced sperm abnormalities in mice following IR exposure. Histopathological analyses also revealed that lycopene ameliorated the structural damage of seminiferous tubules and enhanced the regeneration of seminiferous epithelium following IR stress. Moreover, lycopene attenuated IR‐induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by a decreasing lipid peroxidation level and an increase in the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase activity. In addition, lycopene reduced the γH2AX expression and the number of TUNEL‐positive cells in the germinal epithelium, as well as restoring the imbalance of Bax/Bcl‐2 expression induced by IR exposure. Furthermore, lycopene prevented mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and ATP reduction and preserved the activities of mitochondrial complexes I‐IV in the testes of mice after exposure to IR. Lycopene also improved mitochondrial biogenesis in testes of mice exposed to IR, presenting as restored expressions of PGC‐1α, Nrf1, and Tfam. Taken together, our results suggest that lycopene alleviates IR‐induced testicular damage, and the underlying mechanism involves at least in part the inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and the maintenance of mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis. The beneficial effect of lycopene highlights the therapeutic potential of this plant‐derived antioxidant against impaired spermatogenesis and male infertility induced by IR.

液体推进剂被应用于航天发射和军事领域.液体推进剂易燃、易爆,其中一些还具有强腐蚀性和毒性.当空气中的液体推进剂浓度达到一定程度,可导致火灾、中毒、爆炸等突发事件,甚至造成大量人员伤亡.随着部队实战化训练的不断深入,液体推进剂作业活动也日趋频繁,安全防范工作的重要性日益凸显.通过梳理液体推进剂事故的主要原因,分析液体推进剂事故医学应急的特点,并针对其特点对液体推进剂事故医学应急救援工作提出建议.

The basilar artery has the most perioperative complications in stenting compared to the other intracranial arteries. We aim to study whether the procedural safety in stenting for basilar stenosis has improved. This study was a single-arm, non-randomized trial that included historically controlled patients for comparison. Between January 2012 and March 2019, 147 consecutive patients with symptomatic basilar stenoses receiving elective stenting treatment were included in current basilar artery stenting (BAS) group. The prospectively collected and registered 120 patients by the same interventional team from September 2001 to November 2011 were set as historical BAS group for control. A total of 267 individuals were included in this study, with a mean age of 59.5 ± 8.1 years. The proportion of patients with lesion length >15 mm was 26.5% (39/147) in the current BAS group versus 4.2% (5/120) in the historical BAS group. We found significant differences between these 2 groups in Mori A (17.7% vs 42.5%) and Mori C patients (42.9% vs 13.3%). The proportion of patients receiving preoperative high-resolution magnetic resonance (HRMRI) evaluation was 83.0% (122/147) in the current BAS group versus 20.8% (25/120) in the historical group (P < .05). Balloon-expendable stent (BES) (n = 1), Wingspan (n = 34), and Enterprise (n = 112) stents were placed in the current BAS group. In contrast, only balloon-expendable stent (BES) (n = 48) and Wingspan (n = 72) were deployed in the historical BAS group. The incidence of the safety endpoint (SE) was 4.1% (involving 6 patients) in the current BAS group versus 11.7% (involving 14 patients) in the historical BAS group (P < .05). In multivariate analysis, no risk factor was associated with the occurrence of the safety endpoint (SE). When BAS cases operated by the surgical team accumulated to 120 to 150, the incidence of complications decreased significantly. This is the largest sample size study to discuss the safety of BAS. The significantly decreased incidence of complications indicates that the improving technical measures and the accumulation of operation experience are necessary.

铅作为一种常见的重金属污染物,一般认为在较低浓度时不会引起人体出现症状,但积蓄到一定数量水平时会造成多器官功能损伤,尤其是对神经系统的毒性作用尤为突出,其损伤类型通常为不可逆性神经损伤.因此铅中毒问题始终是公共卫生领域重点关注的问题.近年来,学术界在铅的神经毒性方面研究取得了一定的进展.故笔者就该领域近10年的新发现、新理论进行了梳理,重点探讨铅中毒导致的认知障碍及相关问题.

BACKGROUND Multiple lines of evidence indicate protective effects of carotenoids in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, previous epidemiological studies reported inconsistent results regarding the associations between carotenoids levels and the risk of AD. OBJECTIVE Our study aims to evaluate the associations of six major members of carotenoids with the occurrence of AD by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, Ebsco, and PsycINFO databases was conducted, and the quality of each included studies was evaluated by a validated scoring systems. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95%confidence intervals (CI) were determined by using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was evaluated by I2 statistics. Publication bias was detected using funnel plots and Egger's test. RESULTS Sixteen studies, with 10,633 participants were included. Pooled analysis showed significantly lower plasma/serum levels of lutein (SMD = -0.86, 95%CI: -1.67 to -0.05, p = 0.04) and zeaxanthin (SMD = -0.59; 95%CI: -1.12 to -0.06, p = 0.03) in patients with AD versus cognitively intact controls, while α-carotene (SMD = 0.21, 95%CI: -0.68 to 0.26, p = 0.39), β-carotene (SMD = 0.04, 95%CI: -0.57 to 0.65, p = 0.9), lycopene (SMD = -0.12, 95%CI: -0.96 to 0.72, p = 0.78), and β-cryptoxanthin (SMD = -0.09, 95%CI: -0.83 to 0.65, p = 0.81) did not achieve significant differences. CONCLUSION Of six major members of carotenoids, only lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in plasma/serum were inversely related to the risk of AD. More high-quality longitudinal studies are needed to verify these findings.

坑道是导弹部队用于屯兵、通信、指挥、作战、武器贮存和导弹发射的地下防御工事,是部队平战时开展训练和实施导弹发射的基本依托[1].导弹坑道作业主要包括密闭待机训练备战、武器装备检修维护、环境调控设备运行管理等常规作业,也涉及推进剂、核材料作业等特殊作业内容.导弹坑道作业卫勤保障主要任务是利用医疗卫生防疫等技术手段,对坑道健康危害因素进行监测干预,对坑道作业官兵伤病进行预防救治,从而维护坑道驻训官兵身心健康和军事作业能力,巩固和提高部队战斗力[2].导弹坑道由于其特殊的空间、地质结构以及所处的独特地理环境,特别是坑道封闭状态下部队遂行作战和训练任务时,坑道微小气候以及理化、微生物等污染因素会对进驻人员健康造成影响,加强作业期间的卫勤保障非常重要,特别是我军实战化建设的进一步强化,也对坑道作业卫勤保障能力建设提出了更高的要求.

关于电离辐射对生物体的影响存在很多争论.低剂量电离辐射可能会对生物体产生有益影响,但是对于男性生殖系统,几乎没有文献提及电离辐射对其存在有益影响.我们需要正视电离辐射对男性生殖系统的危害并加以预防.

介绍了联合国维和任务区医疗后送体系的组织与实施,梳理了联合国维和任务区医疗后送行动的特点及存在不足,并与我军空运医疗后送发展现状进行比较,阐明了联合国维和任务区医疗后送体系的相关经验对我军的启示,为我军空运医疗后送能力的发展提供参考.

Lead (Pb) exhibits serious adverse effects on the central nervous system, and the major pathogenic mechanism of Pb toxicity is oxidative stress. As one of the carotenoid family members with potent antioxidant properties, lycopene has shown its protections by inhibiting oxidative stress damage in numerous models of neurotoxicity. The current study was designed to explore the possible protective property in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons challenged with Pb. We observed that 5 μM lycopene pretreatment for 4 h efficiently ameliorated Pb-caused damage in cell viability, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, lycopene (5 μM) attenuated the 50 μM Pb-induced mitochondrial ROS production, improved the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes and ATP production, and ameliorated the 50 μM Pb-induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential as well as opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores. In addition, 5 μM lycopene restored the imbalance of Bax/Bcl-2, inhibited translocation of cytochrome c, and reduced caspase-3 activation. Taken together, these findings indicate that lycopene antagonizes against Pb-induced neurotoxicity and the underlying mechanism probably involves reduction of mitochondrial oxidative damage and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.

目的 评价一种负离子改性纤维材料的抗运动疲劳效应.方法 以64名平均年龄21岁的男性为研究对象,在负荷运动前后及休息后检测血乳酸、血氨、尿蛋白、心率等指标,结合受试人员疲劳程度的主观感受(疲劳量表-14),综合分析负离子改性纤维材料的运动服对人体负荷运动后疲劳程度的影响.结果 与对照组相比,试验组负荷运动后及休息20分钟后血氨水平显著下降(P<0.05);与对照组相比,试验组负荷运动后心率、尿蛋白水平显著下降(P<0.05);与对照组相比,实验组血乳酸及疲劳量表-14结果均未见显著差异(P>0.05).结论 本次实验结果表明,负离子改性纤维对负荷运动后人员疲劳程度具有一定缓解作用.血氨及尿蛋白检测结果变化提示,负离子改性纤维可能对负荷运动后人员疲劳恢复后期具有改善效果.

目的 为做好液体推进剂作业人员健康维护工作,分析某部推进剂作业人员体检结果,指导下一步部队卫生防护工作.方法 以173名平均年龄37岁的推进剂作业人员和150名不接触推进剂的官兵为研究对象,体检内容包括:血常规、血糖、肝功、肾功、血脂、甲状腺功能、风湿免疫、肿瘤标志物,综合分析液体推进剂作业对官兵身体健康的影响.结果 与短期接触组和对照组相比,长期接触组天冬氨酸氨基转移酶显著增高(P＜0.05);与对照组相比,观察组与对照组外周血WBC,Hb,PLT,肝肾功能、血脂及血糖,血清风湿三项、甲状腺激素及肿瘤标志物等各项指标均未见显著差异(P＞0.05).结论 本次体检结果表明,液体推进剂作业人员天冬氨酸氨基转移酶增高,提示长期接触推进剂可能对肝功能存在影响,下一步工作中应注意防止降解产物的慢性中毒,定期安排体检.

目的 分析火箭军某部官兵营养健康状况及影响因素,为制定针对性膳食营养保障措施提供理论依据.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样,选择1414名官兵作为调查对象,进行体格检查,利用SPSS进行统计分析.结果 1414名官兵中,BMI超重和肥胖者占29.3％,偏瘦者占0.8％;体脂含量偏高者占43.2％,偏低者占32.2％;上臂肌围偏低者占8.3％.热区、温区、寒区和高原地区官兵的体脂含量和上臂肌围存在显著差异(P<0.05),BMI无显著差异.导弹发射、技术保障、作战保障和工程作业等单位官兵BMI、体脂含量和上臂肌围指标均具有显著差异(P<0.05).结论 火箭军某部官兵营养健康状况不容乐观,不同地理环境和职能岗位官兵营养健康状况存在差异,应依照地域和岗位特点调整优化膳食结构,以保证营养均衡、促进健康.

目的 调查分析某部电磁辐射作业人员住院疾病谱,掌握部队电磁辐射作业人员疾病分布特征及演变规律,为指导部队卫生机构制定有针对性的预防措施,合理配置卫生资源,搞好疾病防治工作提供科学依据.方法 收集某部2017年1月-2019年12月间发病统计资料,查阅某部涉电磁辐射岗位人员住院病案资料,对其数据进行统计汇总,按国际疾病分类(ICD-10),按照人员类别、年龄分布、疾病系统分布、病种分类就发病统计资料进行分析.结果 电磁辐射作业人员住院比例相比非电磁辐射作业人员明显增高;非电磁辐射作业人员住院的最常见疾病为上呼吸道感染、泌尿系结石,而导致电磁辐射作业人员住院的最常见原因为椎间盘疾患和肛周疾病;非电磁辐射作业住院人员疾病系统分布主要在呼吸系统和泌尿系统,而电磁辐射作业住院人员疾病系统分布主要在运动系统和消化系统.结论 官兵健康在一定程度上受到了电磁辐射作业环境的影响.电磁辐射作业人员住院的最常见原因为椎间盘疾患和肛周疾病,可能与电磁辐射作业人员长时间的体位保持有关.电磁辐射作业住院人员疾病系统分布主要在运动系统和消化系统,提示我们需要关注电磁辐射作业人员的运动防护和营养支持.

Lycopene is a natural pigment in tomato, watermelon, pomegranate, and other plants. It belongs to the carotenoid family. It has the biological function, it possess anti-oxidative properties, induces intercellular communication, and regulates cell proliferation. In recent years, a large number of studies have confirmed the active role of lycopene in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, and the mechanism involved includes inhibition of oxidative stress, maintenance of mitochondrial function, and modulation of apoptosis among others. In this review, the research reports on lycopene in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in recent years were summarized.

Methylmercury (MeHg) is a neurotoxin that induces neuronal degeneration in the central nervous system. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are widely accepted as central pathogenic mechanisms of MeHg-mediated neurotoxicity. Lycopene, a carotenoid compound, is a potent antioxidant with demonstrated neuroprotective properties in several experimental models of oxidative damage. The present study was designed to investigate whether lycopene could provide protective effects against MeHg-induced neurotoxicity in cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). The cultured CGNs were pretreated with different dose of lycopene for 2 h, followed by the challenge with 500 nM MeHg for 12 h. It was found that MeHg exposure caused the loss of cell viability and the LDH release. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MeHg exposure significantly elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondria-derived superoxide production, caused disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and opening of mPTP, inhibited mitochondrial complex enzyme activities (complex III and complex IV), reduced ATP generation and decreased mtDNA copy numbers and mtDNA transcript levels. However, each of these oxidative damages was efficiently attenuated by lycopene pretreatment. Collectively, these results suggest that lycopene affords protection against MeHg-induced neurotoxicity in CGNs, and these beneficial effects of lycopene may be attributable to its roles in preventing mitochondrial dysfunction.