Oxidative stress has been firmly established as a pivotal contributor to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer’s disease, and other multifactorial disorders. Our previous findings have demonstrated the extracts from Sonchus brachyotus DC. (SBE) mitigates intestinal oxidative stress through interactions between the oxidative stress biomarkers and gut microbiota. However, we did not focus on the mechanism by which SBE exerts antioxidant stress effects through regulating metabolites and genes, nor the correlation between the two and gut microbiota. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanism by which SBE mitigates oxidative stress through the gut microbiota, metabolites, and genes. Supplementation with SBE exerts a promising regulatory effect on oxidative stress by modulating key oxidative stress biomarkers (e.g., GSH, SOD, etc.) in serum, intestine, liver, and brain tissues in ethanol-model mice. And the SBE treatment exhibited a notable reparative effect on intestine, liver, and brain tissue damage. Concomitantly, 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing revealed significant alterations in the composition of intestinal bacteria and fungi in SBE-treated mice, suggesting the restoration of gut microbiota homeostasis. Spearman correlation analysis further indicated significant associations (p < 0.05) between gut microbes, particularly fungal genera, and oxidative stress biomarkers. Notably, the abundance of specific fungal genera (Alternaria and Pichia), the levels of 14,15-DiHETrE, 5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, and prostaglandin C2 key metabolites of the serotonergic synapse pathway, and the expression of Fas and Tnfsf10 key genes of apoptosis signaling pathway were significantly correlated (p < 0.05) based on the constructed correlation network. This mechanism likely triggers coordinated changes in metabolites and gene expression associated with the serotonergic synapse and apoptosis signaling pathways, ultimately leading to multi-targeted amelioration of oxidative stress. Molecular docking further revealed that trigonelline, mesaconic acid, and salicylic acid, bioactive components of SBE, may exhibit considerable binding affinity with Fas and Tnfsf10, providing a potential structural basis for SBE’s regulatory effects on oxidative stress via modulation of the apoptotic signaling. The antioxidant effects of SBE likely involve multi-pathway and multi-target mechanisms, consistent with the combinatorial properties of its herbs constituents. These findings lays a foundation for subsequent research.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the designed herbal formula (DHF) on growth performance, blood indices, organ traits, and cecum microbiology in broilers. A total of 96 male broilers of 1 d were selected and randomly assigned to two groups with six replicates of eight broilers each. The control (CON) and the basal diet containing 1.0% DHF (Astragali radix, Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., Isatis tinctoria Linnaeus, and Citri reticulatae pericarpium, 2:1:1:2) were fed separately. The experiment was conducted for 35 days. The results showed that the DHF diet increased body weight and decreased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < 0.05). At 21 days, the spleen, thymus, lymphocytes, and thrombocytes were increased (p < 0.05), and pancreas, duodenum, heterophils, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were decreased (p < 0.05). At 35 days, the heart, pancreas, white blood cell, heterophils, hemoglobin, MCH and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were decreased, while lymphocytes and middle cells were increased (p < 0.05). The results of microbial diversity analysis showed that the DHF diet decreased the microbial diversity of the cecum. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla, where the DHF diet increased the relative abundances of Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides vulgatus, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and then decreased the relative abundance of Shigella sonnei. In conclusion, DHF played a positive role in improving the growth performance, immune performance, and relative abundance of Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides vulgatus, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in cecum microbiology in broilers, and has the potential to be used as a novel feed additive.

[目的]运用网络药理学和分子对接方法研究山楂调节氧化应激的活性成分及潜在作用机制.[方法]通过TCMSP数据库检索山楂的化学成分及其作用靶点;在Uniprot数据库中对所得靶点进行标准基因名转化.利用GeneCards和OMIM数据库筛选氧化应激相关靶点.通过Venny 2.1.0软件获得山楂和氧化应激的交集靶点;借助STRING数据库和Cytoscape 3.8.0软件构建山楂-主要活性成分-靶点网络和蛋白-蛋白互作网络,筛选核心靶点,随后利用AutoDockTools 1.5.7和AutoDock Vina 1.1.2软件进行分子对接.应用DAVID数据库进行GO功能富集和KEGG通路注释分析,结果由Pymol软件进行可视化作图.[结果]筛选获得槲皮素、山奈酚、异鼠李素、豆甾醇、谷甾醇、表儿茶素等山楂的主要活性成分.基于主要活性成分和氧化应激分别筛选获得185和9 647个靶点,其中山楂与氧化应激交集靶点共171个,如丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶AKT(serine/threonine-protein kinase AKT,AKT1)、细胞肿瘤抗原 p53(cellular tumor antigen p53,TP53)、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)、白细胞介素 6(interleukin 6,1L6)、血红素加氧酶 1(heme oxygenase 1,HMOX1)、髓过氧化物酶(myeloperoxidase,MPO)、醌氧化还原酶1(NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase,NQO1)等.分子对接结果显示,山楂的6个主要活性成分与筛选靶点具有较好的结合活性,其中NQO1与豆甾醇、谷甾醇,AKT1与槲皮素、山奈酚、表儿茶素结合活性最好.GO功能富集筛选出987条目,其中生物过程主要包括RNA聚合酶Ⅱ启动子的转录正调控、细胞因子介导信号通路、正调控转录DNA模板化等.通过KEGG通路注释得到177条信号通路,包括TNF、IL17、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)等信号通路.[结论]本研究初步揭示了山楂可通过多成分、多靶点、多通路调节机体氧化应激,为进一步研究山楂精准抗氧化的作用机制提供了科学依据.

Objective: To study the molecular mechanism of Phedimus aizoon (Linnaeus)'t Hart. on anti-inflammatory effect by network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experiment research. Methods: The potential anti-inflammatory effect ingredients and targets were acquired from TCMSP, HERB, and other databases under the screening condition of oral bioavailability ≥30%. The inflammation-related targets were collected from GeneCards, OMIM, and other databases, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis to obtain the key anti-inflammatory effect targets. Meanwhile, GO annotation and KEGG signal pathway enrichment analysis of the key targets was analyzed using the David database. Moreover, this study verified the key targets predicted by AutoDock molecular docking. The key anti-inflammatory effect ingredients of Phedimus aizoon (Linnaeus)'t Hart. were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The anti-inflammatory effect of the key ingredients was verified on the LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell model. Results: The results showed that there were five potent components corresponding to 130 related targets, and 421 inflammation-related targets, with 22 intersection anti-inflammatory targets, among which the key targets were PPARG, EGFR, TP53, etc. β-sitosterol and gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxy benzoic acid) were the main ingredients that can be anti-inflammatory. GO annotation and KEGG signal pathway enrichment analysis indicated that β-sitosterol and gallic acid played an anti-inflammatory role through multiple pathways such as transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process, and response to lipopolysaccharide, etc., as well as signal pathways including pathways in cancer, hepatitis B, TNF signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and other signaling pathways. Furthermore, the molecular docking analysis revealed that the key targets had good binding affinities with the key active ingredients. β-sitosterol and gallic acid as active ingredients in Phedimus aizoon (Linnaeus)'t Hart. were analyzed by HPLC. The experimental results showed that β-sitosterol and gallic acid could significantly reduce NO content, increase the content of IL-10 (P<0.05), and play an anti-inflammatory effect. Conclusion: This study revealed that Sedum aizoon L. would play an anti-inflammatory role by regulating multiple targets and multiple pathways, which laid a foundation for the research and application of Phedimus aizoon (Linnaeus)'t, Hart.

The spectrum-effect relationship between chemical fingerprints and antioxidant activities was established to evaluate the quality of Eucommiae Folium (EF) extracts and discover potential efficacy-associated quality markers. Characteristic fingerprints of different batches of EF extracts were generated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and a similarity analysis was performed by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Then the total antioxidant capacity assay kit with ferric reducing antioxidant assay (FRAP) method was used to determine antioxidant activity. The spectrum-effect relationship was established to identify the chemical constituents that impart antioxidant activities of Eucommiae Folium (EF) extracts using partial least squares regression (PLSR). HPLC fingerprints of EF extracts were established with the optimized chromatographic conditions: the mobile phase consisted 0.1% phosphoric acid -water (A) and acetonitrile (B), the detection wavelength was 326 nm, the column temperature was 30 degrees C, and the flow rate was 0.8 mL/min. The correlation coefficient of similarity between 12 batches of extracts was >= 0.995. Compounds corresponding peaks P1, P2, P6 (chlorogenic acid), and P8 were closely related to the stable antioxidant activities of EF extracts, and could be selected as potential quality markers. An agile and efficient method that can ensure the intra-assay stability of biological activity of EF extracts and discover efficacy-associated quality markers was successfully built based on spectrum-effect relationship.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a complex Bacillus subtilis additive on the fermentation quality and bacterial community during the ensiling process of whole-plant corn silage (WPCS). The pH values of WPCS treated with the B. subtilis inoculant decreased faster than those of the control without inoculant, and significantly higher contents of lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA) were observed. After 45 days of ensiling, the LA contents reached 7.95% (w/w). In the treatment group, the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents decreased significantly compared to the control, and the degradation rates of the NDF and ADF were 26.52% and 27.34% after 45 days, respectively. The deoxynivalenol (DON) content in the treatment group decreased to 205.67 μg/kg, which was significantly lower than the content of 382.51 μg/kg in the control group. The results indicated the positive effect of the B. subtilis inoculant in improving WPCS fermentation, especially in terms of degrading linocellulose and removing DON. The analysis of the bacterial community indicated that the B. subtilis inoculant resulted in an increased abundance of Lactobacillus, which contributed to the enhancement of LA production. The increased abundance of Bacillus possibly played a role in the degradation of NDF and ADF and the reduction in DON. Therefore, the complex B. subtilis additive could be used for the production of high-quality WPCS.

试验旨在对饲喂不同NDF消化率的玉米秸秆的牛瘤胃微生物进行差异分析.试验选取装有永久性瘘管的草原红牛6头,利用尼龙袋法进行瘤胃有效降解率的评价.试验牛随机分为2组,分别饲喂发酵玉米秸秆(添加复合菌剂)和青贮玉米秸秆(不添加复合菌剂),在饲喂第0、7、21 d采集瘤胃液,命名为青贮组(CSS0、CSS7、CSS21)和发酵组(FCS0、FCS7和FCS21).结果 显示,与青贮玉米秸秆相比,发酵玉米秸秆的干物质(DM)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的瘤胃有效降解率均显著提高(P＜0.05).饲喂发酵玉米秸秆的牛瘤胃细菌的多样性和丰富度显著提高(P＜0.05).在属水平上,共有9个具有显著性差异的菌属.FCS21组的Prevotella、Prevotellaceae UCG-003、Desulfovibrio的相对丰度显著高于CSS21组(P＜0.05),Fibrobacter、Ruminobacter、Ruminococcaceae UCG-010、Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group、Butyrivibrio、Ruminococcus的相对丰度显著低于CSS21组(P＜0.05).通过对组间差异菌属的相对丰度与NDF消化率进行相关性分析,发现玉米秸秆的NDF消化率与瘤胃微生物的相对丰度显著相关(P＜0.05).研究表明,发酵玉米秸秆NDF有效降解率显著高于青贮玉米秸秆;不同NDF消化率的玉米秸秆饲喂瘘管牛,其瘤胃微生物结构与组成存在显著差异.

本试验以干谷草为原料,研究枯草芽孢杆菌F-1、2N-14和魏斯氏菌X-2复合菌剂对其发酵品质及营养价值的影响.试验设对照组和复合菌剂组2个处理,每个处理60个重复,每个重复50 kg.发酵60 d后取样,测定含水量、pH、有机酸等物质含量,并采用瘤胃体内、体外法测定养分利用率及产气量.结果表明:添加复合菌剂的乳酸、乙酸含量分别为5.42％、1.80％,较对照组分别提高431.37％(P<0.05)、63.64％(P>0.05);pH为3.98,较对照组降低了23.46％(P<0.05);含水量为49.87％,较对照组降低了0.85％(P>0.05);干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)含量分别为60.34％、13.04％,较对照组分别提高了0.13％(P>0.05)、61.19％(P<0.05);中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)含量分别为65.95％、7.47％、43.59％,较对照组分别降低了9.06％、12.28％、14.92％(P<0.05).瘤胃体内试验表明,添加复合菌剂后谷草DM、CP、NDF、ADF有效降解率较对照组分别提高了11.55％、9.29％、26.85％、17.74％(P<0.05).体外试验表明,试验组总产气量较对照组提高了4.28％(P<0.05),产甲烷量较对照组降低了5.92％(P<0.05).综合考虑,添加枯草芽孢杆菌F-1、2N-14和魏斯氏菌X-2复合菌剂,能够有效改善干谷草发酵品质,显著提高其营养价值.

供热管网在市政工程建设中是一个重要部分,关系到城市供热供暖功能的发挥.在建设供热管网时,就需要注意到标准化施工的发展.本文首先整体阐述了供热管网建设需关注的问题,并且进一步解析了供热管网标准化施工举措,希望为市政供热管网的高质量运作与建设带来相关的可参考建议.

供热管网施工对施工质量要求极高,需要严格按照相关规范、制度等加强管理控制,保障工程质量达到标准,符合预期,为构建完善的集中供热系统打牢根基.本文围绕施工前准备、测量放线、沟槽开挖、吊装焊接管道、防腐和保温处理、运行调试等方面,对市政供热管网施工质量的管理控制要点展开了探讨,希望可以起到一些参考作用.