Objective:To study the features and regularity of the diseases occurred among the officers and sailors of a certain large surface ship during a long oceangoing mission, and to provide some targeted preventive measures for improving the medical support in long oceangoing mission in future.Methods:A retrospective survey was conducted on the medical records of outpatient, emergence, and onboard medical inspection by classifying all the cases into different medical disciplines, to analyze the features of disease distribution and regularity among the crew members during a long oceangoing mission.Results:There were 673 case/times were included into this analysis from the 81-day-long 549-people-participation oceangoing mission. The top 3 disorders involved in the respiratory system, the motor system (trauma), and the digestive system, accounting for 70.58% of the total cases. Among them, the upper respiratory tract infection, hand injury, and oral ulcer accounted for 21.86%, 5.65%, and 5.28% of the disease spectrum respectively. The incidence of diseases requiring surgery and further medical care was relatively higher (24.59%), especially trauma and infectious diseases as the prevalent disorders, concentrating on the motor system and digestive system.Conclusion:The disease spectrum during the long oceangoing was related with the onboard living environment, individual body constitution, individual history of long oceangoing deployment, and gender difference. With regard to disease control, the efforts should be devoted to health education and disinfection of onboard environment, especially preventing infectious diseases. Personal health records and pre-warning of disease outbreak system should also be established if necessary. Meanwhile, the manning of medical team and the preparation of medical supplies should conform to the features and distribution regularity of diseases spectrum during a long oceangoing mission.

目的 了解首次远航实习对某军校青年女学员经期及经前期状况的影响,为海军长航任务的舰艇女性卫生教育提供基础资料.方法 调查对象为训练舰远航实习的某军队女学员29例,均为首航.于出航3 d前和出航2个月后完成经期及经前期状况问卷调查.通过SPSS 18.0软件分析统计结果,采用卡方检验比较经期及经前期综合征症状的发生率,配对样本Wilcoxon符号秩和检验比较经期及经前期状况变化.结果 共发放问卷29份,收回29份,有效29份.结果表明,月经紊乱的发生率为79.3％,高于出航前的10.3％;痛经的发生率为69.0％,高于出航前的44.8％,两者比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),20.7％和24.1％的青年女学员首次出现痛经伴呕吐和经量过少,各有4名首次出现排卵期出血和停经,便秘、食欲异常、睡眠不佳等症状的发生率与严重程度较出航前升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),经前期综合征也较出航前严重.舰船任务结束3个月内,91.3％的军校青年女学员月经异常情况恢复正常.2例特殊案例的停经情况经药物干预后恢复正常.结论 长航任务对首次上舰青年女学员的月经情况影响显著,应完善舰船航行过程中相关妇科医疗保障,合理规划青年女学员出海执行任务的时间、工作强度以及返航登岸后的休整周期.