Based on the study of gold field structure in Jiaodong area, a new model is put forward which developed as “magma core complex uplift-detachment zone structure” links detachment zone structure and magmatic core complex, and metamorphic core complex structure was not developed in the Mesozoic area.In this study, after more than 10 years of tectonic deformation and alteration lithofacies mapping, magmatic structure mapping, paleomagnetic research and kinematic survey, combined with geophysical data analysis, it is found that the typical “Linglong magmatic core complex uplift and detachment zone structure” in Jiaodong area shows a long-round arch dome.The geological phenomena show:（1）The dome core is composed of multi-stage and multi-structural granitic complexes;（2）The granitic complex is trapped by faults, and these detachment zones and shovel type fractures with low and middle-angles are shear fractured.The broad fracture zones show superposition of ductile and brittle deformation and post-magmatic hydrothermal metasomatic alteration mineralization;（3）The hanging wall rocks of the detachment fault are distributed around the magmatic core, and are composed of basement metamorphic rocks and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, showing a state of detachment depression.The “magmatic core complex uplift-detachment zone structure” is a new model conforming to the East Asian intracontinental tectono-magmatic activation background.Through the study of magma core complex uplift-detachment zone structure, it is proposed that magmatic uplift and pull-apart basin belong to the same tectonic system, extruding tectonic-magmatic uplift and extensional detachment depressions are the products of stress field transformation process, and disintegrating shovel fault and brittle ductile superposition tectonic-rock belt are the targets of metallogenic prediction.Regional diagenetic and metallogenic laws are taken as the mark of direct observation and exploration, and regional geological and metallogenic laws are studied.Geological survey and metallogenic prediction have extensive popularization value and demonstration significance.

"构造变形岩相"填图方法的创立和应用为老矿区深部及外围的找矿工作指明了方向,在实践中取得了显著的效果,需要大力推广和深入研究.对于构造变形岩相带的深部结构认识,需要依靠地球物理信息的解译.与地球物理场性质相类似,构造变形岩相带也是一个现存的地质体;物探工作目的 是要探测和揭示构造变形岩相带的埋深、轮廓、内部结构构造等特征,为确定其形成时间和演化过程提供依据.由于地质与地球物理的复杂时空关系,如果仅以新鲜岩石标本物性参数的差异作为判别标志,难以提高地球物理方法的分辨率和有效性.结合构造变形岩相进行综合解译,更能提高解释推断成果的多学科融合性.作为终极勘探目标,需要紧密结合构造控矿级序,建立构造变形岩相带的三级分类标准,提取对应的地球物理信息:一级构造变形岩相带为目标物所处的构造单元及构造应力场,及其所对应的区域地球物理场特征,如隆凹构造相间的伸展构造域;二级构造变形岩相带为目标物所处的控矿构造体系,及其所对应的矿田地球物理场特征,如岩浆核杂岩隆起-拆离构造系统;三级构造变形岩相带为目标物所在的有利成矿构造部位,及其所对应于关键剖面的地球物理特征,如侵入岩体与围岩的接触带或者含矿断裂带等.选择国际流行的典型金属矿床类型,介绍了三级构造变形岩相带的地球物理组合信息特征及其分级利用操作流程,为有效应用地球物理勘探方法开展深部找矿预测提供了范例.

构造体系由强变形构造带和弱变形地域共同构成,这些构造带和变形带可以用结构面的形式表达.构造体系结构面的分布分析,更加适用于变形规律研究,便于追索构造应力场及其演化.以长江中下游地质结构与导矿-控矿要素研究为基础,总结了新华夏构造体系结构面的"米字型"分布特征.新华夏系"米字型"构造,由NNE 25°方向挤压断裂和褶皱带、NNW 345°方向(大义山式)张扭断裂、NEE 75°方向(泰山式)压扭构造和NWW 300°方向(长江式)的横张构造组成.其演化分先后三个阶段;NNW 345°方向—NEE 75°方向的共轭剪切构造阶段、NNE 25°方向挤压构造阶段和NWW 300°方向的张性剪切构造阶段.新华夏构造体系的"米字型"构造样式的识别,为研究构造体系的应力-应变成因、探讨构造体系的形成演化以及浅部构造和深部构造相关性研究提供了重要的地质构造基础.在其它类型的构造体系中,结构面也具有"米字型"分布特征.

构造体系由多方向、多应力-应变性质和多重次序的结构构造组成,这些结构面在构造应力场中有较为固定的分布型式.经过区域成矿带、矿田、矿床等不同层次地质研究,揭示了新华夏构造体系的共轭剪切、挤压和引张三种类型结构面,它们在平面上组成"米字型"构造.通过应力-应变有限元法模拟,将"米字型"构造分为三个形成阶段:第一期共轭构造阶段,发育NNW 345°方向(大义山式)张扭断裂和NEE 75°方向(泰山式)压扭构造;第二期挤压构造阶段,产生NNE 25°方向挤压断裂和褶皱;第三期横张构造阶段,产生NWW300°方向(长江式)的横张断裂,给出了有利于控矿成矿的应力-应变场特征,为地质找矿指明了方向.三个阶段相比,构造带内主干拉应力以第一期NNW向构造带内为最大,第三期NWW向"长江式"构造带次之,第二期NNE向和第一期NEE向构造带内拉应力微弱,拉应力总体呈现出时间由老到新从最高下降至微弱之后再回升的趋势;最大主压应力从第一期NEE向构造带为中等,演进到第二期NNE向构造带为最大,第三期NWW向"长江式"构造带和NNW向构造带为最小,表现出时间由老到新,先增强至最高值再下降至最小的趋势.

The seismic wave velocity of rock is the foundation of shallow stratigraphic recognition and regional tectonics. The Hami region is one of the most important oil producing areas in China.This paper research the measurement of seismic wave velocity of sandstones in Hami area under dry, water and oil saturated conditions in 0 ～ 200 MPa (about 0 ～ 7000 m underground depth) by using Auto Lab2000 rock mechanics test instrument and get the fitting relationship of P-wave and S-wave velocities with pressure between four groups of sandstone samples in the three states. The results show that: P-wave and S-wave velocities of sandstone samples have a logarithmic relation with the pressure in the three different conditions; The P-wave velocity of rock in dry condiction is significantly less than the oil and water saturated condictions, but the difference of the P-wave velocity of rocks under oil saturated condiction with the rocks under the water saturated condiction is very small, and the P-wave velocity of rock under the water saturated is slightly larger than the samples which are oil saturated;The S-wave velocity of sandstone samples is basically no difference in three states under low pressure. However the S-wave velocity of the samples which are saturated with oil and water is significantly less than the dry samples under high pressure.

本文在特殊地质填图的过程中研究了哈密地区砂岩的地震波速,利用ZBL-U520非金属超声检测仪和Autolab2000多功能岩石物性设备,在0~200 MPa(约0~7000 m地下深度)下研究了密度、 孔隙度和压力三个因素对砂岩地震波速的影响.研究发现:砂岩的波速与密度呈正相关关系,但与孔隙度呈负相关关系;纵波与密度和孔隙度的线性关系好于横波;波速与压力呈对数关系.此外,本文还分析了ZBL-U520与Autolab2000两种仪器测试方法的适用性.最后针对地质填图的特点给出建议:在特殊地质填图中,不仅要按照规范采集标本,测试其在常温常压下的岩石波速,还应该适当考察不同地层压力状态下的速度特征,才能更全面地认识填图区地震波的性质.

Seismic velocity of rocks have a wide range of applications in regional tectonic research and shallow seismic exploration.Hami region is one of the important production bases for oil and gas in China,but there is no data of seismic velocity.Deep environment is simulated in laboratory and the change rule of P-and S-wave velocity which come from four groups of sandstones in Hami is studied in this paper.The result shows that the P-wave and S-wave velocity increase (or decrease) with the pressure at the logarithmic rule.The porosity of sandstone affect the rate and size of increased wave velocity.The lag effect of sandstone's wave velocity mainly in the procession that wave velocity of decompression is greater than boost when they are under the same pressure.The wave velocity with high pressure is closed to the theoretical wave velocity of space averaging models.Wave velocity data measured by experiment is consistent with the log data in Hami.Therefore it can be used as the auxiliary condition to define oil layer,water layer and dry layer.

地震波是研究地球内部物质成分和结构最有效的工具之一.鉴于哈密地区油田对砂岩地震波性质研究的需求,本文在室内利用Autolab2000岩石物性测试设备,开展干燥、饱水及饱油条件下,砂岩X、Y、Z三个正交方向的弹性波速测试,得到不同压力下纵横波速随含水饱和度的变化规律,并在不同含水饱和度下分析了动态弹性常数(E和v).结果表明:(1)波速与压力呈对数关系,相关系数在0.96以上;纵波速度与含水饱和度呈正相关,但随压力的增加,其增加速率会减小;横波速度在低压下基本不受含水饱和度影响,但随压力增加,其与含水饱和度呈负相关.(2)砂岩Z(垂直)方向波速最小;横波各向异性小于纵波;不同压力下,纵横渡各向异性都是干燥大于饱油,并皆大于饱水状态.(3)恒定含水饱和度时,杨氏模量和泊松比皆随围压增加而增加,低压下(小于80 MPa,约3 km深度)增加速度快,而高压下(大于80 MPa)增速变缓;相同围压下,泊松比随含水饱和度增加而增加,而杨氏模量则有增有减.

磁化率测井是一种高效环保的测井手段,其理论和应用方法的不完善是未在油气田广泛应用的根本原因.以河套盆地第四系为研究对象,综合研究区A,B,C钻探孔取心资料和磁化率测井数据,结合沉积构型和地磁理论,确立磁化率测井与各项地质因素的关系,明确磁化率测井响应的主控因素,建立研究区磁化率测井与常规测井相结合的测井响应模式.结果表明:磁化率在有机质丰度高、(顺)磁性矿物丰富、泥质一粉砂质夹层发育和泥浆侵入段呈现高幅度异常;磁化率与有机质含量的变化趋势高度吻合,研究区钻探井段磁化率最大值为137×10-5 SI,磁化率与磁性矿物相对含量的相关系数达0.87,与水平层理和泥浆侵入规模呈正相关;磁化率标准偏差百分比曲线反映沉积环境和水动力条件的变化.结合测井响应特征,磁化率测井可广泛应用于碎屑岩沉积层序研究、烃源岩评价、粘土矿物识别和精细储层表征.

It is very helpful in petroleum production,groundwater exploration and to disposal of pollution to investigate the seismic property of the crustal rocks included cracks or fractures.Two group physical models with the same diameter varying crack density and the same density varying diameters were constructed.The seismic velocities were measured under different confining pressure and calculated by numerical simulation based on Hudson theory.The calculated and measured results show that the Vp and Vs nearly increase linearity and there anisotropy keep nearly stable constant with confining pressure.Vp circles decrease with the crack density varying from 2％ to 6％.Moreover,the slow Vp decrease more amplitude than the fast Vp which maintains nearly stable,the Vp and Vs anisotropy all increase with the crack density ranging from 2％ to 6％.With the crack diameter varying from 2 mm to 3 mm,the Vp increases,but the Vp anisotropy decreases,Vs and the V,anisotropy nearly remain constant.Comparing the experimental and the theoretical calculated results,new conclusion of Hudson theory used in different depth was discussed,and the primary constraint of its application were analyzed.It is very helpful in petroleum production,exploration of groundwater and disposal of pollution to investigaste the seismic property of the crustal rocks with cracks or fractures.

From analysis of the geological and geophysical data (gravity, magnetic, seismic and petrophysics), we propose that geophysical anomalies are produced by a serpentinized mantle peridotite body (SMPB) situated in the middle to lower crust in the Sulu Belt. The SMPB was formed by crustal emplacement of mantle peridotites accompanied by ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism. Our finding suggests an emplacement mechanism for the serpentinized mantle wedge (SMW), early in the subduction process. This is different from the classic view, which holds that the serpentinized forearc mantle is formed by in situ hydration processes (Blakely et al., 2005). The petrophysical properties of the SMPB are similar to those of the serpentinized forearc mantle or SMW in modern subduction-zones worldwide, but the formation mechanisms for SMPB and SMW are different. This observation is important for understanding the geodynamic processes that operated in the large UHP metamorphic belt in the Dabie-Sulu area, eastern China.

In situ stress state becomes more and more significant with in-depth research on geodynamics and energy development. However, there has not been an economic and effective method developed to determine deep three-dimensional in situ stress. The Anelastic Strain Recovery (ASR) method is a newly developed technique that can determine three-dimensional in situ stresses. After the 12 May 2008 M s8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, the ASR method was used for the first time in mainland China to measure the in situ stresses in the WFSD scientific boreholes in Sichuan Province, China. In this paper, the basic procedure of the ASR method is introduced in detail and the compliances of ASR for boring cores are investigated. The results show that the maximum principal stress direction was NW64° at a measured depth (MD) of 1173 m (vertical depth 1151 m) in WFSD-1. The ratio of shear mode to the volume mode compliance of ASR was 2.9. And the three principal stresses at 1173 m MD in WFSD-1 are 43, 28 and 25 MPa. Combined with stress measurement results determined using other in situ measurement methods along the Longmenshan fault zone, the directions of the maximum horizontal principal stress changes from E-W to NEE-SWW to NWW-SEE when moving from NE to SW along the Longmenshan fault zone. This change is in agreement with the stress regime of the Longmenshan fault zone of the Wenchuan Earthquake, which supports a stress regime consisting predominantly of thrusts in the southwest and strike-slip in the northeast.

Slate, as one of the low-degree metamorphic rocks, is widely distributed in China. Research on the seismic velocity of slate can help distinguish this kind of transitional rocks as well as understand anisotropy of the upper crust. This paper presents laboratory research on the seismic velocity of slate samples collected from the Bingzhongluo district of Yunnan Province, and part of the experiment was conducted at the Dalhousie High Pressure Laboratory, Canada. The laboratory testing yielded the seismic velocities in different structural directions as a function of pressures. The seismic velocities in the three directions ( X , Y and Z ) are 6.58, 6.46 and 5.91 km/s at the confining pressure of 600 MPa, respectively, with an average velocity of 6.30 km/s. S wave has an average velocity of 3.62 mm/s and a V p / V s ratio of 1.74. The preliminary analysis shows the changing law of seismic velocities and shear wave splitting of slate, revealing that the seismic anisotropy of slate decreases significantly with pressurization at low confining pressures (<150 MPa). This is primarily attributed to the orientation alignment of microcracks within slate. With progressive increase of confining pressure (>150 MPa), all the microcracks are largely closed. Thus, the orientation alignment of flaky minerals such as biotite and actinolite is a leading factor for seismic anisotropy. With the pressure up to 600 MPa, the anisotropy of V p and V s stabilizes at 13% and 16%. Therefore, laboratory data and seismic property of the slate documented in this paper will provide basis for determination of preferential orientations of microcracks in the upper crust, anisotropy analysis in the shallow crust, and geophysical model constraints.

Detailed magnetic studies and mineralogy analysis show that the granitic gneiss has the second highest (only second to the serpentinized garnet peridotite)low-field susceptibility (χ)(0.570 × 10 -7 - 120.450 × 10 -7 m3 ·kg-1 ,average 29.996 × 10 -7 m3 ·kg-1 )and the lowest natural remanent magnetization (NRM )(0.002 × 10 -3 -2.109 × 10 -3 Am2 ·kg-1 ,average 0.210×10 -3 Am2 · kg-1 ).Temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility,alternating field (AF)demagnetization and magnetic hysteresis properties suggest that the magnetic minerals in granitic gneiss are magnetite ± hematite,the magnetites are mainly multi-domain (MD),pseudo-single domain (PSD)magnetites are also presented in small amounts.The grain size of magnetites are obviously larger than that in the completely retrograded eclogites,which have the same magnetic mineral assem-blage and experienced amphibolite facies retrograde metamorphism.The formation of MD magnetites are thought to be related with stronger fluid activities during the retrogression.Samples occurring out of the major gneiss subunit and adjacent to the ec-logites,which have related high NRM ,may reflect fluid movements between felsic and mafic UHPM rocks.

According to the GPS data, the fault-slip model for MW9.0 earthquake in March 2011 was inversed by using the finite element method. On the basis of the inversion, co-seismic displacement and stress fields were calculated, and the distribution of displacement and stress was given. The results show that fault-slip was up to 25 m. Northeast Japan was moved eastward by 1~6 meters, and the maximum displacement in the epicentral area was up to 24.25 m. After the earthquake, the surface was uplifted by about 5.6 meters near the epicenter. There was a depression area of 0.8 meters in the east coast of Northeast Japan. The calculated co-seismic surface displacement is consistent with GPS measurements. Stress was changed by the earthquake, resulting in the decrease of the post-earthquake stress. Stress change was about 9.9 MPa near the epicenter, 32 MPa in the depths, and less than 4.4 MPa in Northeast Japan. Earthquake-induced stress changes were mainly horizontal stress, whereas vertical stress changes were very small.

A large portion of the middle to lower crust beneath the continents and oceanic island arcs consists of amphibolites dominated by hornblende and plagioclase. We have measured P and S wave velocities (V-p and V-s) and anisotropy of 17 amphibole-rich rock samples containing 34-80vol% amphibole at hydrostatic pressures (P) up to 650MPa. Combined petrophysical and geochemical analyses provide a new calibration for mean density, average major element contents, mean V-p-P and V-s-P coefficients, intrinsic V-p and V-s anisotropy, Poisson's ratios, the logarithmic ratio R-s/p, and elastic moduli of amphibole-rich rocks. The V-p values decrease with increasing SiO2 and Na2O+K2O contents but increase with increasing MgO and CaO contents. The maximum (0.38-0.40km/s) and minimum S wave birefringence values occur generally in the propagation direction parallel to Y and normal to foliation, respectively. Amphibole plays a critical role in the formation of seismic anisotropy, whereas the presence of plagioclase, quartz, pyroxene, and garnet diminishes the anisotropy induced by amphibole crystallographic preferred orientations (CPOs). The CPO variations cause different anisotropy patterns illustrated in the Flinn diagram of V-p(X)/V-p(Y)-V-p(Y)/V-p(Z) plots. The results make it possible to distinguish, in terms of seismic properties, the amphibolites from other categories of lithology such as granite-granodiorite, diorite, gabbro-diabase, felsic gneiss, mafic gneiss, eclogite, and peridotite within the Earth's crust. Hence, amphibole, aligned by dislocation creep, anisotropic growth, or rigid-body rotation, is the most important contributor to the seismic anisotropy of the deep crust beneath the continents and oceanic island arcs, which contains rather little phyllosilicates such as mica or chlorite.

The variation of in situ stress before and after earthquakes is an issue studied by geologists. In this paper, on the basis of the fault slip dislocation model of Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake, the changes of co-seismic displacement and the distribution functions of stress tensor around the Longmen Shan fault zone are calculated. The results show that the co-seismic maximum surface displacement is 4.9 m in the horizontal direction and 6.5 m in the vertical direction, which is almost consistent with the on-site survey and GPS observations. The co-seismic maximum horizontal stress in the hanging wall and footwall decreased sharply as the distance from the Longmen Shan fault zone increased. However, the vertical stress and minimum horizontal stress increased in the footwall and in some areas of the hanging wall. The study of the co-seismic displacement and stress was mainly focused on the long and narrow region along the Longmen Shan fault zone, which coincides with the distribution of the earthquake aftershocks. Therefore, the co-seismic stress only affects the aftershocks, and does not affect distant faults and seismic activities. The results are almost consistent with in situ stress measurements at the two sites before and after Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake. Along the fault plane, the co-seismic shear stress in the dip direction is larger than that in the strike direction, which indicates that the faulting mechanism of the Longmen Shan fault zone is a dominant thrust with minor strike-slipping. The results can be used as a reference value for future studies of earthquake mechanisms.

The experimental determination of anelastic strain recovery (ASR) compliances for three types of rocks (granite, marble, and sandstone) was performed in the laboratory. Preloading of specimens for uniaxial compression creep tests was at 50 % of the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) for each rock type. We obtained the shear mode Jas( t ) and volumetric mode Jav( t ) ASR compliances and calculated the ratio of Jas( t ) to Jav( t ). The Kelvin model for rock rheology was then applied in numerical simulations and the results were in good agreement with the measured data for Jas( t ) and Jav( t ). These results showed that both the magnitude and rate of increase of the ASR compliances are strongly dependent on the rock type, and the values of the Jas( t )/Jav( t ) ratio for a loading of 50 % of the UCS showed a trend leading to different constants for each of the three rock types. Further experimental and numerical analyses showed approximate power-law relationships between the ASR compliances at 50 % of UCS, and both the UCS and the tangential Young’s modulus at 50 % of UCS ( E t50 ). These relationships may be useful for the preliminary estimation of ASR compliances.

Permeability and permeability anisotropy of low permeable sandstone reservoir recovered from the Ordos Basin Triassic formation and saturated with 1 M NaCl solution was researched by the fluid pulse method.Permeability of the low permeable sandstone varies from 0～60×10-18 m2 at confining pressure 0～100 MPa,pore pressure 0～12 MPa.The results show that permeability of low permeable sandstone decreases with effective pressure increasing.Through fitting the test results with trendline,the relationship between permeability and effective pressure is true for the power function.The correlation coefficient is among 0.903～0.984.At the same time,through comparing the permeability of vertical each other X,Y and Z directions,the anisotropy of permeability also is the function of effective pressure,and it have different rule with effective pressure increasing,but the preferred flow direction don't change with effective pressure increasing in the experimental pressure.All researches provide new rock physics properties for the development of low permeable oil and gas reservoir,especially for the deeper oil and gas resource exploring and development,the choice of development style,enhanced oil recovery in Ordos Basin.