Bronchial asthma (asthma for short) is a common chronic respiratory disease inchildren, which has adverse effects on children's physical and mental health. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway is an important transcription factor in airway inflammation, and plays an important role in airway inflammation and airway remodeling in asthma. Clinical studies have found that traditional Chinese medicine has positive effects in the treatment of asthma. Hence, this paper aims to review the literatures on the treatment of asthma through traditional Chinese medicine compound and single herbs and extracts by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway for nearly a decade. It is found that traditional Chinese medicine can inhibit airway inflammation, relieve airway smooth muscle spasm and reduce airway resistance through the regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway, so as to play a key role in the treatment of asthma, and provide a scientific basis for the treatment of asthma with traditional Chinese medicine.
小儿厌食症是指儿童较长时期食欲减退,以厌恶进食、食量减少甚至拒绝进食为临床特征的一种病症.城市儿童发病率较高,其中以1～6岁儿童最为多见[1].其一般预后较好,若病情迁延,长期不愈则易发生睡眠障碍,甚至影响患儿生长发育,转为疳证.本文就中医外治法在小儿厌食症中的临床应用近况进行综述.
肺炎支原体是社区获得性肺炎常见病原,多见于学龄前期及青年,但在婴幼儿中亦不少见.小儿支原体肺炎发病无明显季节性,常年均可出现,占小儿肺炎的10％～20％.其临床表现在各年龄段有差异,年长儿童较易出现长期高热、肺部影像学改变,容易并发肺炎衣原体感染,年幼儿童容易出现喘息、气促及肺部干啰音、肺部斑片状阴影,并发病毒感染[1].近年来我国儿童肺炎支原体肺炎(mycoplas?ma pneumoniae pneumonia,MPP)发病率日趋上升[2],而中医药治疗该病取得了较大进展,现将近年来中医药治疗小儿肺炎支原体肺炎进展综述如下.
目的 筛选与儿童哮喘发病相关的关键微小核糖核酸(miRNA)、信使核糖核酸(mRNA).方法 从高通量基因表达数据库(GEO)数据库获取哮喘儿童miRNA芯片数据集GSE25230,利用GEO2R筛选出差异表达miR?NA;对差异表达miRNA进行转录因子预测、下游靶基因预测;利用GEO数据库获取哮喘儿童mRNA芯片数据集GSE63142,同时使用GEO2R筛选出差异表达mRNA,并对差异表达mRNA进行KEGG、GO功能富集分析;将差异表达miRNA预测靶基因与差异表达mRNA取交集获得目标基因,最后构建哮喘儿童发病潜在miRNA-mRNA调控网络,进一步筛选出关键miRNA、mRNA.结果 共筛选出34个上调miRNA与35个下调miRNA,其转录因子主要有EGR1、SP1、SP4、RREB1、TFAP4.共筛选出68个上调差异表达mRNA与48个下调差异表达mRNA,KEGG富集结果显示差异表达mRNA主要涉及白介素17信号通路、神经活性配体—受体相互作用、趋化因子信号通路、肾素—血管紧张素系统等;GO功能富集分析显示,差异表达mRNA功能主要富集在细胞外基质、丝裂原激活蛋白激酶、细胞外间隙以及胞外区等生物学过程中.哮喘儿童发病潜在miRNA-mRNA网络Degree值排名前3的关键miRNA分别为hsa-miR-30c-5p、hsa-miR-181a-5p、hsa-miR-335-5p,关键mRNA分别为CXCL2、KIT、MUC5B.结论 筛选出与儿童哮喘发病相关的关键miRNA分别是hsa-miR-30c-5p、hsa-miR-181a-5p、hsa-miR-335-5p,关键mRNA分别是CX?CL2、KIT、MUC5B.
咳嗽变异性哮喘(cough variant asthma,CVA)又称过敏性咳嗽,表现为反复和慢性咳嗽,常在清晨或夜间发作,运动可加重咳嗽,可无喘息症状;部分儿童最终发展为典型哮喘.西医治疗常以糖皮质激素、白三烯受体拮抗剂、抗过敏药物等坚持长期、规范、个体化治疗为主[1-2],但易复发,不易治愈.近年来,中医在小儿咳嗽变异性哮喘治疗方面取得了较大的进展,现从中医方面对该病的文献作一论述.
