【Objective】The occurrence of sugarcane yellow leaf virus(SCYLV) disease and geographical distribution of SCYLV genotypes in sugarcane growing areas were investigated to provide scientific references for sugarcane disease-resistant breeding and healthy seedling production of sugarcane. 【Method】Different samples, collected from Guangxi sugarcane areas,were detected by RT-PCR with SCYLV specific primers P1/P2. A distinct fragment for each SCYLV genotype was amplified by RT-PCR using specific primers of BRA-PER-F/ BRA-PER-R,REU-F/ B-REVd and CUB-F/ CUB-R.【Result】The results of SCYLV RT-PCR detection revealed that 630bp genomic fragments were amplified in fifty-seven samples from a total of 124samples. Nucleotide sequence of the RT-PCR products was found to be 95%-99% identical to the sequence of the SCYLV isolates reported in GenBank. The survey of SCYLV results showed that fifty-seven samples were found to be positive by RT-PCR detection from total of 124 samples(infection rate:46.0%). The sugarcane crop was infected by SCYLV most seriously in northern Guangxi as the detection rate was 76.0%. It was found that 50.0% sugarcane cultivars were infected by SCYLV in western Guangxi, 40.0% in mid of Guangxi, 36.8% in southern Guangxi, and 16.6%(the lowest) in eastern Guangxi. The major commercial sugarcane variety of ROC22 was also found to be affected by SCYLV in Liucheng, Yizhou,Qinzhou and Jinguang state farm, which were the major sugarcane areas in Guangxi. The results also showed that the highly susceptible varieties to SCYLV were Liucheng 03-182, GT21, YT55 and YT93-159. The survey of SCYLV genotype results indicated that three virus genotypes including CUB, BRA-PER and REU were identified in Guangxi. Genotypes CUB, BRA-PER, and REU were found63.2%, 56.1%, and 5.3% of the total samples, respectively. Genotype CUB was found in three big sugarcane growing locations(northern, mid and southern Guangxi). Genotype BRA-PER was found located in all five big sugarcane producing locations,whereas genotype REU was found distributed in Liuzhou, Pingxiang and Nanning sugarcane producing areas. 【Conclusion】SCYLV disease has been developing and spreading in sugarcane areas and three genotypes are found distributed in various degrees in sugarcane locations of Guangxi.