近年来,"车本位"的城市环境严重阻碍了包括独立通学在内的儿童独立出行,研究儿童独立通学出行特征及建成环境对其影响具有重要的意义,这不仅影响儿童的身心健康,而且事关家庭育儿成本和城市环境发展.本文在整理中外文献的基础上,将可能影响儿童独立通学的建成空间环境因素分为土地利用、道路交通、景观环境3类,同时通过问卷对成都市武侯区32所公立小学2794名1～6年级儿童的独立通学情况进行调查,运用二元Logistic回归模型分析影响独立通学的儿童个人及家庭社会经济特征和建成环境变量.结果显示:儿童的年级、家庭子女数量、公交站点密度、建筑密度均对独立通学出行有正向影响,学区面积具有负向影响.据此,本文从学校布局、交通环境、空间设计和理念培养方面提出了提升儿童独立通学环境的规划设计策略.

In this study, the removal of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in pharmaceutical wastewater effluent by five treatment processes [including ultraviolet (UV), UV/H2O2, potassium persulfate (PS), carbon nano tubes (CNTs) and CNTs/PS] was investigated, which was characterized by excitation-emission matrix spectra spectroscopy (EEM), total dissolved carbon (TOC), zeta potential and dynamic light scattering analysis, while the transformation mechanism of DOM fractionations induced by PS, CNTs and CNTs/PS processes was further explored by ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The results suggested that the PS, CNTs and CNTs/PS processes proved to have the best treatment effect for the removal of DOM via EEM analysis, with TOC removal of 128, 204 and 243 mg/L, respectively. Zeta potential and dynamic light scattering analysis indicated that DOM molecules were removed by PS process through electrostatic polymerization and oxidation, and by CNTs process via adsorption, while CNTs/PS process degraded DOM by combining adsorption, electron transfer and the generation of strongly oxidizing singlet oxygen (O-1(2)). Molecular characterization analysis demonstrated that the condensed aromatic compounds (76%) and proteins/lipids (65%) in DOM were the most vulnerable to PS attack, and the adsorption of CNTs was more effective for oxygenated compounds with lower levels of unsaturation (such as lignin, protein polypeptides and amino sugars (90%)), while the CNTs/PS process achieved indiscriminate degradation of various DOM molecules, which was a complement and enhancement to the separate CNT and PS treatment processes. In terms of different elemental compositions, the PS process had little effect on the elemental composition of the residual DOM molecules, while the CNTs and CNTs/PS processes showed a more obvious effect on the removal of CHON and CHONS molecules. Furthermore, by combining the quantitative distribution of chemical parameters of DOM molecules and linear fitting analysis, PS and CNTs/PS system had little effect on the distribution of chemical parameters of residual DOM molecules, while the adsorption of CNTs would lead to an increase in the average O/C, aromaticity index (AI(mod)), double bond equivalence (DBE) and nominal oxidation state of carbon (NOSC) value of residual molecules, and the contribution of oxygen atoms to DBE. The results of this study provide important information for further understanding the behavior of DOM in the aquatic environment during various processes.

消极空间的活化利用是老旧小区改造的重要内容.高校型老旧小区在经历住房改革后,原产权单位的退出造成小区管理主体的缺位,物业受经济利益的影响不愿入驻,在时间的积累下小区内产生了许多消极空间.本文以四川大学望江校区内的竹林村老旧小区为研究对象,通过实地调研,分析高校型老旧小区消极空间产生的原因和特点,提出消极空间的改造策略,补充我国老旧小区更新改造的方法.

前人对街道空间品质的研究多数针对较发达城市,已有的测度与评价体系不一定适用于拉萨这种少数民族地区的历史文化城市,且扎根于历史文化城市的街道空间品质测度与评价体系框架并不清晰.针对拉萨这类具有民族特色和雪域高原特点的国家历史文化名城,研究从步行体验角度,以舒适性、安全性、便捷性、人文性为研究维度,经互联网多源数据处理与测度,构建街道空间品质测度评价体系,对拉萨市林廓环路分别进行街道空间品质单因子评价与综合品质评价,进行各街道品质分级.结果表明:有近一半街道的空间品质评分偏低;通过各个指标与街道空间品质测度值的相关性分析,发现主要问题是多数街道的民族色彩感知度、民族文化元素感知度、民族特色商业密度、服务设施便捷度较低,部分街道的路面可行度、遮阴率、立面连续性较低以及路面拥堵度较高,次要问题是大部分街道的商业业态丰富度与密度较低,部分街道的绿视率与天空可视率较低以及机动化程度较高;为了优化拉萨街道空间品质与改善城市人居环境,提出优先优化策略与适当优化策略.本研究在街道空间品质研究领域中,在精度与广度上做了一定深化与拓展,加深了对民族地区历史文化城市街道空间品质的理解.

参考韧性基线模型构建城市韧性评价指标体系,运用熵权法对四川省18个地级市的城市韧性进行了综合评价,并对其时空特征进行了分析.结果表明:①四川省城市整体韧性水平偏低,且呈现明显的空间分异特征,一级韧性城市具有绝对优势,二级韧性城市出现断层,省域中心城市边缘地区韧性发展水平偏低;②近10年来四川省城市整体韧性水平有一定程度的提升,环境韧性与组织韧性水平有显著提高,经济韧性水平发展滞缓;③基础设施韧性与社区韧性是大多数城市的韧性短板.最后,在研究结论的基础上提出建议,为城市韧性建设提供依据.

拉萨市地处高寒地区,自身生态环境脆弱,文章通过改进的三维生态足迹模型测度拉萨市2009—2018年自然资本的动态变化,并用偏最小二乘回归法对变化的驱动因素进行分析,为拉萨市正确处理资源利用与经济社会发展之间的关系提供科学依据.结果表明:一、2009—2018年,拉萨市人均生态足迹呈先下降后波动上升的变化趋势,人均生态承载力持续下降,拉萨市自然资本供需矛盾增加,逐渐由盈转亏;二、足迹深度与足迹广度表明流量资本已经无法满足生产生活需求,拉萨市发展对存量资本的依赖性增强;三、从用地类型来看,草地、水域与建筑用地处于流量资本占用状态,耕地是资本存量消耗的主要方式,林地处于两者之间的过渡阶段;四、社会投资、消费水平以及产业结构中的第三产业发展对自然资本的利用有显著的驱动作用.

In view of the weak vertical bearing capacity and low safety performance of the traditional soft rock pile foundation for human settlements, this paper proposes to monitor the vertical bearing capacity of the soft rock pile foundation for human settlements in Lhasa. The vertical mechanism of soft r ock is analyzed, including the uniaxial compressive strength of rock around the pile, the relative displacement of pile rock and the interface condition of pile rock. The vertical bearing capacity of the pile foundation in soft rock is calculated by load transfer method. The side friction model and the pile end of the pile are established to determine the pile foundation. The calculation formula of the load settlement curve is obtained by using the side friction model and the pile end resistance model. The vertical bearing capacity of the pile foundation in soft rock is analyzed when the pile side rock is in the elastic stage and the surrounding rock is in the plastic stage. The test results show that friction pile plays an important role in the test pile under the working load. This method can effectively monitor the vertical bearing capacity of pile in the soft rock geological environment of human settlements, and can be applied to practical projects.

随着生态旅游的快速发展,景观承载力成为衡量生态旅游区发展水平的关键.以压力—状态—响应(PSR)模型为基础,选取与旅游景观有关的11个指标构建旅游区景观承载力评价量化模型,并采用变异系数法对我国七大生态旅游景区景观承载力进行评价.结果 表明:七大生态旅游景区景观承载力呈现出下降的趋势;在具体影响指标方面,植被覆盖率、生物资源丰富度、景观损坏率、游客增长率、景观美观度等是关键,未来需要严格监控这些指标,从而将景观承载力控制在合理范围内.

项目利用龙泉驿区是成都"东进"战略的桥头堡政策优势,将新能源与智能网联汽车作为产业发展突破口进行规划,力求打破该区域传统燃油汽车产业的转型困局,打造国际智能网联新能源产业化示范区.

会理古城属于典型川滇结合部传统城镇,至今保留着大量较为完好的传统民居院落,2011年被列为国家历史文化名城,具有较高的保护和研究价值.基于实地调研、测绘和文献研究的成果,对会理古城传统民居的建造材料、承重结构和建筑构造进行了研究,揭示了古城独特的民居形态及其营建方式,以期更加深入地了解传统营建技术中丰富多样的形式和内容,为保护和更新川滇结合部传统民居建筑提供理论基础.

在城乡发展的快速进程中,城市生活模式入侵导致传统川西林盘原有的聚落风貌、社区文化和生活习惯受到巨大冲击.本文以郫县为例探究在新农村建设中,如何在实现农村现代化的同时,保护和延续传统聚落空间和原生社区文化,从而得到真正受当地住户喜爱的川西林盘新社区.

Qinba Mountain was listed as one of the 11 Contiguous‐destitute‐areas .In the context of precise poverty alleviation in the thirteenth Five‐year‐plan ,the study of the urban system in Qinba mountain area has great significance in China's thirteenth Five‐year‐plan .Based on Nonlinear Science fractal theory and GIS software use , this paper computs and analyzes the urban Qinba mountain towns system of Primate City Degree ,rank‐scale fractal ,space concentric fractal ,balance fractal ,and relevance fractal etc .then ,concludes that there are obvious fractal features of urban system in Qinba Mountain ,but the degree is not obvious ;the structure of urban system is flat ;cities distribute significantly in the center of Tongchuan District .However ,the spatial distribution of cities is not compact ,and the development of transportation networks needs to be improved .These conclusions can provide targeted theoretical basis and the countermeasures for the Qinba mountain town planning ,providing scientific reference for the study of similar urban system .

Qinba Mountain Areas is one of the state level poverty‐stricken areas in China ,which is of great significance to evaluate human settlements in the context of the implementation of national poverty‐alleviating policy .Based on the studies of domestic Assessment Index System for urban human settlements ,this paper puts forward the principles ,indexes ,models and the methods of establishing the evaluation system on urban human settlements in Sichuan Qinba mountain areas .And 26 single indexes are presented by AHP from three aspects :residential construction ,ecological environment and social economy .Then the paper evaluates the constructional level and satisfaction of human settlements to the 25 counties in Sichuan Qinba mountain areas .The results show that the overall level of human settlements in Sichuan Qinba mountain areas is lower‐middle ,and the evaluation results of residential construction and social economy are poor while ecological environment is better .This study indicates that the evaluation system on urban human settlements in Sichuan Qinba mountain areas is scientific and feasible ,and it could be a reference for quality evaluation on urban human settlements in other similar areas .

Recently ,urbanization development is in a critical stage with many opportunities as well as challenges in China .Qinba Mountain Areas is the provincial and national level poverty alleviation and development zone .It is the development depression in the urban agglomerations of Guanzhong plain and Chengdu plain ,which regulates the development level of the western China .Therefore ,it is a significance to accelerate urbanization of Qinba Mountain Areas under the push of “One Belt And One Road Initiatives” and “Green Cyclical Development” .This paper mainly studied the urban grade size ,town agglomeration degree and town space relations of Qinba Mountain Areas based on gather‐fragment index and the gravity model theory and combining with the economy ,population ,society and geography space to provide some structure optimizing and developing foundations and suggestions of Qinba Mountain Areas by analyzing coefficient of variation ,Urban centricity and Urban development strength .

利用传统算法对物流货运中心的空间位置进行规划将无法充分考虑到物流运输的成本,为了避免上述缺陷,提出了一种物流货运中心在城市交通规划中的优化模型.利用自适应逃逸粒子群算法,根据采集的城市交通数据和物流产业相关数据,获取最合理的物流货运中心覆盖方式,使其在城市交通规划中得以体现.实验结果表明,利用该算法建立物流货运中心覆盖在城市交通规划中的优化模型,可以极大地提高物流货运中心的覆盖率,降低物流运输成本,提高城市交通规划的合理性.

洛带古镇是成都市近郊区游客最多、开发程度最高的古镇,目前其商业开发出现严重同质化现象,阻碍了古镇的长远健康发展。体验经济是近年来广泛运用在旅游业开发中的商业形式。作者通过城市规划的问卷调查形式,收集到游客对洛带古街商业业态的体验元素主观感受,继而使用五分量表法对数据进行筛选分析,得到体验类商业的各项评价影响因子,初步提出洛带古镇体验类商业评价方法。

Under the rapid urbanization backgrounds in China,there are increasing problems in the urban plan formulation methods.This paper puts forwards the planning ideas of human-nature harmony,ecological priority and ecological urban design based on the existing research results with the comprehensive urban design of Longquanyi District Central Area and Huangguan Lake as an example.

城市化水平的快速发展及城乡差别的进一步扩大两个不同发展趋势,使得城乡一体化的实践与研究日益成为社会关注的焦点问题.因而城乡一体化规划自然成为当今规划界热切关注的问题之一.文中首先探讨了城乡一体化规划的提出及其必要性,在此基础上对规划范围进行界定,重点探讨了规划的主要内容及其对策.

The urban-rural integration becomes increasingly the focus of social problems because of the development of urbanization and the dis- crimination toward the rural. The paper analyses the necessity of urban-rural integration planning firstly, then identifies the area of planning and discusses the content and measure of urban-rural integration.