In the current context of renewable energy development, CdTe polycrystalline thin-film solar cells are expected to have broad prospects in fields such as Building Integrated Photovoltaics. It is crucial to fabricate sub-micronthick, semitransparent CdTe solar cells for photovoltaic glass curtain walls that require a certain degree of transparency. As a result, we have employeded a high-quality deposition technique for sub-micron-thick CdTe polycrystalline films. We have analyzed the influence of post-treatment processes on the film properties and investigated the impact of solution-based CuCl back buffer layer preparation on device performance. By improving the quality of sub-micron-thick CdTe polycrystalline films, and optimizing the concentration and process of Cu doping, we have successfully fabricated semitransparent CdTe solar cells with an average visible light transmittance of 14.21%, eta Front: 6.2%, eta Rear: 4.4%, and bifacial factor:0.7.

Betavoltaic transducer devices are widely used in applications requiring ultra-long life, high energy density, and self-powered power supplies. The purpose of this paper is to prepare CdTe-based betavoltaic transducer devices based on magnetron sputtering and to enhance their performance. We explored the effects of three factors on device performance: the thickness of CdTe, annealing temperature, and electrode shape. The thickness of polycrystalline CdTe film is most important for the CdTe device. Both the annealing temperature of CdTe and the electrode shape play significant roles in the optimization of device performance. Finally, the device with an opencircuit voltage of 423.1 mV and short-circuit current density of 2.45 nA/cm(2) has been obtained when CdTe film is 200 nm, the annealing temperature is 385 degrees C, and the specific electrode shape is adopted. This result is the highest performance to date for a CdTe-based betavoltaic transducer device loaded with a 3H radioactive source.

元代是文人画得以确立和发展的重要时期.如果说宋代画家们运用笔墨技法再现了客观真实的自然,那么元人则在以笔墨塑造物象、感悟造化的同时,还体悟到笔墨语言自身的形式美感,且能借笔墨传达出画者的主观情感.从宋代山水画重写实、重再现到元代重写意、重表现,元代山水画在对物象的表现上发生了一些变化,文人画的面貌得以确立.而以繁复苍郁著称的王蒙,更是将情感与笔墨的形式美融合进《青卞隐居图》的画面当中,得以形成他独特的绘画面貌.

气垫式调压室水位和气室压力波动是规划和设计气垫式调压室所关心的问题.笔者使用四阶龙格—库塔法计算了气垫式调压室水位波动过程以及气室压力变化过程,分析了气体状态方程多方指数对调压室涌浪水位和气室压力的影响.指出在水力计算中以控制气垫式调压室最高和最低涌浪水位为计算目的,气体状态方程多方指数宜取1.0,以控制气室最高和最低压力为计算目的,多方指数宜取1.4.

参考韧性基线模型构建城市韧性评价指标体系,运用熵权法对四川省18个地级市的城市韧性进行了综合评价,并对其时空特征进行了分析.结果表明:①四川省城市整体韧性水平偏低,且呈现明显的空间分异特征,一级韧性城市具有绝对优势,二级韧性城市出现断层,省域中心城市边缘地区韧性发展水平偏低;②近10年来四川省城市整体韧性水平有一定程度的提升,环境韧性与组织韧性水平有显著提高,经济韧性水平发展滞缓;③基础设施韧性与社区韧性是大多数城市的韧性短板.最后,在研究结论的基础上提出建议,为城市韧性建设提供依据.

OBJECTIVE:This study screened potential fluid biomarkers and developed a prediction model based on the easily obtained information at initial inspection to identify ataxia patients more likely to have multiple system atrophy-cerebellar type (MSA-C).METHODS:We established a retrospective cohort with 125 ataxia patients from southwest China between April 2018 and June 2020. Demographic and laboratory variables obtained at the time of hospital admission were screened using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression and logistic regression to construct a diagnosis score. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and decision curve analyses were performed to assess the accuracy and net benefit of the model. Also, independent validation using 25 additional ataxia patients was carried out to verify the model efficiency. Then the model was translated into a visual and operable web application using the R studio and Shiny package.RESULTS:From 47 indicators, five variables were selected and integrated into the prediction model, including the age of onset (AO), direct bilirubin (DBIL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), eGFR, and synuclein-alpha. The prediction model exhibited an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.929 for the training cohort and an AUC of 0.917 for the testing cohort. The decision curve analysis (DCA) plot displayed a good net benefit for this model, and external validation confirmed its reliability. The model also was translated into a web application that is freely available to the public.CONCLUSION:The prediction model that was developed based on laboratory and demographic variables obtained from ataxia patients at admission to the hospital might help improve the ability to differentiate MSA-C from spinocerebellar ataxia clinically.

The lung is constantly exposed to environmental particulates such as aeroallergens, pollutants, or microorganisms and is protected by a poised immune response. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a population of immune cells found in a variety of tissue sites, particularly barrier surfaces such as the lung and the intestine. ILCs play a crucial role in the innate immune system, and they are involved in the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis, inflammation regulation, tissue remodeling, and pathogen clearance. In recent years, group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) have emerged as key mediators of mucosal protection and repair during infection, mainly through IL-17 and IL-22 production. Although research on ILC3s has become focused on the intestinal immunity, the biology and function of pulmonary ILC3s in the pathogenesis of respiratory infections and in the development of chronic pulmonary inflammatory diseases remain elusive. In this review, we will mainly discuss how pulmonary ILC3s act on protection against pathogen challenge and pulmonary inflammation, as well as the underlying mechanisms.

拉萨市地处高寒地区,自身生态环境脆弱,文章通过改进的三维生态足迹模型测度拉萨市2009—2018年自然资本的动态变化,并用偏最小二乘回归法对变化的驱动因素进行分析,为拉萨市正确处理资源利用与经济社会发展之间的关系提供科学依据.结果表明:一、2009—2018年,拉萨市人均生态足迹呈先下降后波动上升的变化趋势,人均生态承载力持续下降,拉萨市自然资本供需矛盾增加,逐渐由盈转亏;二、足迹深度与足迹广度表明流量资本已经无法满足生产生活需求,拉萨市发展对存量资本的依赖性增强;三、从用地类型来看,草地、水域与建筑用地处于流量资本占用状态,耕地是资本存量消耗的主要方式,林地处于两者之间的过渡阶段;四、社会投资、消费水平以及产业结构中的第三产业发展对自然资本的利用有显著的驱动作用.

《行政处罚法》(2021)新增"行政处罚权下放"的规定,明确了乡镇政府的执法主体定位,有利于重塑我国行政执法主体体系,实现县乡政府职责的差异化配置,并推动基层治理的依法而为.赋予乡镇政府行政处罚权应遵循依法赋权与合理赋权的基本原则,审视并指出当前赋权路径面临的合法性争议,促成规范为主、行政为辅的基本赋权路径,设定赋权乡镇的执行标准,尊重实践存在的差异化表达,明确乡镇政府可以行使的以行政处罚为主的综合执法权.

目的 以市(州)为单位,对四川省医院中药房资源配置的公平性及效率进行分析.方法 采用分层抽样,将四川省21个市(州)按经济水平及地理分布进行分层,抽取了其中17个市(州).应用集聚度分析17个市(州)中药房资源配置的公平性;采用数据包络分析(data envelopment analysis,DEA)方法,测量中药房的客观效率值.结果 在17个市(州)34组数据中,中药房和执业医师HRAD值大于相应HRAD/PAD比值的有22组,因此四川省医院中药房资源按地理位置配置的公平性优于按人口配置的公平性.阿坝州中药房及执业医师的比值分别为43.171、27.261,远大于其他市,所以阿坝州按人口配置的公平性远高于其他市.泸州市、德阳市、绵阳市、乐山市、宜宾市和达州市无论是在地理位置还是人口分布上,中药房资源配置公平性都达到了较高(中药房和执业医师集聚度和比值均大于1),其余市(州)并未达到绝对公平.各市(州)的医院中药房综合技术效率较低,均低于0.400.总体的综合技术效率值为0.167,为弱有效.结论 应强化四川省医院中药房资源的配置公平性,缩小地域差异,同时注重提升医院中药房的效率.

我国综合行政执法改革模式已基本形成,但实践中仍暴露出合法性支撑不足、 合理性欠缺、 效率不高等问题.改革以"整体政府"的理念顺利推行,尤为强调行政权力类型化的意义.从设计初衷与实践样态中可知,综合行政执法改革发挥着规范行政执法行为、优化行政执法体制与化解执法争议等法治功能.在职权法定原则与行政保留原则协调作用的前提下,综合行政执法改革应受行政合理性原则的约束,并符合效率原则的基本要求,以促进法治政府建设的合法、科学与高效.

政府承担自然灾害应对责任是对中国国家治理体系构建与完善的回应,但是现阶段面临诸多困难.比如,政府的主导地位某种程度上阻滞了其他社会主体以"主人翁"意识应对自然灾害;自然灾害领域法律规范未能充分承认其他社会主体的法律地位,进而加重了政府责任;责任政府理念未能充分贯彻,导致政府在自然灾害各阶段的角色转换不自如.国家辅助性理论的发展为当下政府承担有限责任提供了合理的支撑,但仍需要中国治理环境满足相应的法治条件,包括多主体事实的存在、自然灾害的特殊性、社会自治获得法律支撑、各主体之间不对等的应对能力与水平.横向上,需要将个人、基层自治组织、非营利组织与企业等具有代表性的社会实体纳入自然灾害应对责任机制中,以具体表现、互动行为等作为确定其他社会主体责任范围的重要手段,进而侧面明确政府应对责任的界限.纵向上,需要在中国组织法框架下讨论各级政府组织的自然灾害责任形式、种类或范围,在行政体制内部回应政府的有限责任.

失信惩戒制度是社会信用体系建设的重要组成部分.在从宏观层面对国家政策与政府行为予以关注的同时,理应从行政法视野出发就失信惩戒对象的程序权利进行设定.失信惩戒对象程序权利的建构存在合理的价值基础,能够保障与信用信息相关的实体权益,并预防裁量权在失信惩戒行政中的滥用,权利主体地位的确认更能提升其对失信惩戒行政过程与决定的认同感.结合当前程序权利规范实践与行政法基础理论,失信惩戒对象的程序权利包括但不限于知情权、申请权、抗辩权与异议权等.据此,应当强化失信惩戒对象作为行政相对人的认知,科学、合理地配置失信惩戒机关的职能权限与程序义务,完善相应的程序权利救济机制,以保障失信惩戒对象行政程序权利的实现.

Tiotropium, a long-acting form of anticholinergic bronchodilator, has been indicated for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for more than 10 years, followed by its more recent approval for use in patients with asthma. In 2014, tiotropium administered through an inhaler (Respimat Soft Mist inhaler, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany) was indicated as the first long-acting muscarinic antagonist approved for asthma maintenance therapy. A systematic review and meta-analysis by Sobieraj et al 1 Sobieraj D.M. Baker W.L. Nguyen E. et al. Association of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting muscarinic antagonists with asthma control in patients with uncontrolled, persistent asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2018; 319: 1473-1484 Crossref PubMed Scopus (62) Google Scholar reported an association of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting muscarinic antagonistswith asthma control in patients with uncontrolled persistent asthma, but patients younger than 12 years were not included in the study because tiotropium was only approved for adults and adolescents when the study was designed. Since that time, tiotropium has also been found to be well tolerated and efficacious in school-age (6-11 years old) children with persistent asthma, and the indication for the tiotropium inhaler as an add-on maintenance therapy has been updated in the current guidelines for patients older than 6 years with symptomatic asthma. Recently, Murphy and Chipps 2 Murphy K.R. Chipps B.E. Tiotropium in children and adolescents with asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2020; 124: 267-276 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (9) Google Scholar found in a systematic review that once-daily tiotropium is efficacious and safe in adolescents and children with asthma aged 1 to 17 years. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to provide the therapy with stronger evidence and help practitioners gain a deeper understanding of the role of tiotropium in children and adolescents with uncontrolled, symptomatic asthma.

联合惩戒机制是我国社会信用体系建设的关键,失信行为的认定是适用联合惩戒的前提.司法实务、学术探讨与规范层面形成“失信行为是违背诚实信用原则的行为”的共识,但在界定与辨别上各有侧重,反映出认定依据法律位阶低、各地认定做法不统一等现实问题.失信行为应同时满足违法性与严重性要件,用以区分其与一般失信行为的不同.从行为表现与特点入手,可以将适用联合惩戒机制下的失信行为划分为不履行契约义务的行为和不履行法定义务的行为.

纵观中国绘画艺术的发展历程,在物象的表现形态上,宋代是将写实主义绘画推向高峰的时期.从技法方面看,画家运用笔墨从心所欲,获得了极致的艺术效果.北宋山水画是再现自然的自然主义风格,但北宋山水画并不是纯粹的写实主义,而是建立在真实而又概括地观察、把握和描绘自然物象的基础上.画家借助外在的自然形象表达内心的情感,绘出一片心灵升华的世界,达到人与自然高度融合的境界.

建国以来的城乡关系演变经历了三个阶段.每一个阶段,中央对城乡发展的政策安排都呈现差异,这也主导着城乡关系的基本走向;地方政府,尤其是基层政府的行为选择对中央政策的实施效果产生重要影响;村庄作为城乡的一极,表征着各个阶段城乡关系的基本特征,并影响着国家政策的调整.城乡关系的演变就发生于中央——地方——村庄的动态博弈中.未来城乡一体化的实现需要中央坚持城乡一体化的战略导向,地方践行服务型政府的价值要求,以及激活乡村发展的内生因素.

AbStract: According to the TM images of Jialing River watershed in the years 2000,2005 and 2015,by using Geo-mathematical method and GIS method, the author analyzed the changes of land use area and the dynamic indexes of land use,and estimat-ed the ecosystem service value of land use change in Jialing River watershed in 15 years. The results showed that from 2000 to 2015,the areas of cultivated land decreased continuously,and the areas of construction,grassland,water,forestland and unused land of Jialing River watershed increased. The ecosystem service value of Jialing River watershed decreased from 243 109.36 million yuan in 2000 to 242 805.95 million yuan in 2015. The sensitivity analysis showed that the ecosystem service value in study area was inelastic,the cultivated land area change reflected by the value change between land use and the ecosystem service value had a great influence.

在从严治党的背景下,党风政风有了明显好转,却也出现了"为官不为"的现象.干部失去了干事创业的积极性,就会阻碍国家政策的顺利执行,并损害党和政府的形象.贵州省黔西南州在"向惰政宣战,向懒政问责"上出"新招",以"干部召回"亮剑"为官不为",让"为官不为"的干部"回炉再造",从制度层面改善了对干部"为官不为"监督管理失之于宽、失之于软等问题,是治理"为官不为"的一剂"良方".保证"干部召回"对"为官不为"的持续发力需要建立科学的容错纠错机制,坚持系统思维,构建配套完善、管理有效的制度体系.

Copper has been introduced in CdTe solar cell manufacturing for a long time and is critical for achieving high performance devices. In this work, CuCl thin films were prepared by vacuum thermal deposition and then used as a buffer layer with a thermal annealing treatment for activation in the CdTe solar cells. The results indicate that Cu and Cl diffused into the CdTe absorber which was beneficial for doping and copassivation. The carrier density for CdTe solar cells in the vicinity of the pn junction was significantly improved from 6.1 x 10(13) to 4.3 x 10(14) cm(-3), and V-oc was increased by > 70 mV. The cell with the CuCl thin films was more uniform and revealed higher photocurrent response than the reference cell. The results also indicate that the formation of ohmic back contacts to CdTe solar cells due to the presence of the CuxTe (Cu7Te4) thin films. An optimal device with open circuit voltage of similar to 820 mV, and fill factor of similar to 72% and efficiency reaching 16.69% was obtained by the control of the copper concentration and the thermal activation conditions of the CuCl buffer layer.