This study applies the scenario method to investigate the impact of a child-friendly social environment on children’s life satisfaction and further considers the role of virtue of humanity in light of the growing emphasis on positive psychological education. In a Chinese city dedicated to child-friendly initiatives, three schools located in economically developed districts were selected for the study. Within these schools, two to four classes from grades three through six were randomly selected. Within each grade, classes were randomly assigned to either a positive or a negative scenario group. Baseline equivalence between groups was tested, followed by t-tests and linear regression models to assess the effects of social environment. Interaction effect analysis and mediation analysis using the bootstrap method were used to examine the role of the virtue of humanity. The demographic characteristics of the positive and negative groups were largely comparable, except for differences in co-residence with grandparents. The baseline class climate was higher in the negative group (t = 3.60, p < 0.001). After the scenario simulation trial, children in the positive scenario group reported significantly greater life satisfaction than those in the negative group (t = -23.15, p < 0.001). After adjusting for covariate variables and virtue of humanity, positive social environment contributed to better life satisfaction (B = 2.75, β = 0.26, p < 0.001), and 50.61

Empirical research has demonstrated that both the virtue of humanity and social environment contribute to happiness. Practical experience further indicates that the possession of virtues is insufficient for achieving happiness, which depends on external conditions. However, few studies have examined the combined effect of humanity virtues and social environment on children’s happiness. This study explored the relationships between the virtue of humanity and happiness and the role of the social environment among children in the Chinese culture. Participants were 3289 children in grades 4–6 in a Chinese city following a child-friendly paradigm and were selected by a multistage cluster sampling method. All of the children completed a survey of their demographic information, psychology, and the social environment in which they lived. Love, kindness, and social intelligence were positively associated with children’s happiness (Model 1). Compared to Model 1 that included only the virtue of humanity, Model 2 added the friendly social environment variables and increased the explanatory power of children’s happiness (R2) by 14.82

With increased urbanization, the need to create a child-friendly society for all has increased in urgency. Ensuring children’s right to participate in the development of child-friendly cities is a crucial part of this effort. This study used focus group interviews to explore action framework for creating a friendly social environment from the philosophical perspective of children in current Chinese social contexts. This study was conducted in three primary schools located in urban, rural and rural‒urban fringe areas. With the school’s consent, we enhanced the sample diversity by randomly selecting 6–12 third- and fourth-grade students, as well as 8–12 fifth- and sixth-grade students from each school. In total, six focus groups consisting of 53 primary school students were formed. The results indicated that a friendly family environment consists of seven dimensions: family communication; support; companionship; interaction; respect and equality; conflict and violence avoidance; and the normative behavior and positive qualities of family members. A friendly school environment was found to involve seven dimensions: teacher‒student relationships, peer relationships, a student-centered learning environment, student involvement, parental involvement in school life, the personal characteristics of adults working at the school, and children’s responsibilities. A friendly community environment was found to consist of six dimensions: neighborly relationships, community support, civil community behavior, community activities, children’s participation, and children’s sense of responsibility. The children were also guided to discuss strategies for improving friendly family, school and community social environments. This study identified children’s perspectives on friendly social environments and concrete strategies for building these environments, which can be used as important theoretical support for work practices in current Chinese culture.

BACKGROUND:Creating a child-friendly social environment is an important component of promoting child-friendly city development. This study aims to explore the key indicators of friendly family, school and community social environments from the perspective of children's conduct problems and prosocial behaviors. METHOD:The sample included grade 3-5 students from one public elementary school in the urban areas and another public elementary school in the rural areas of a Chinese city pursuing a child-friendly philosophy. A total of 418 participants were included in this study. Data on conduct problems, prosocial behaviors and the social environment were collected. To effectively select important variables and eliminate estimation bias, this study used LASSO regression to identify key indicators predicting children's conduct problems and prosocial behavior, followed by linear regression coefficient estimation and significance testing. RESULTS:Creating a friendly family environment (ensuring family members' assistance with academic problems) and school environment (reducing cheating, fighting, and unfriendly teacher language) was associated with reduced conduct problems in children. Creating a positive family atmosphere (enhancing children's trust in family members), school environment (increasing parents' awareness of school affairs, reinforcing students' prosocial behavior, increasing extracurricular activity programs, and encouraging student engagement in academics) and community environment (respecting all children in the community) was associated with improving children's prosocial behavior. CONCLUSIONS:This study transforms the multidimensional, complex child-friendly social environment evaluation indicator system into concise and specific measurement indicators, which can provide theoretical and practical implications for government decision-making in child-friendly city development through empirical research.

BACKGROUND:Social factors play an important role in adolescents' behaviors. This study aims to understand percentages of health risk behaviors across country in Europe, North America, and China; explore the associations between friendly school and family contexts and involvement for several health risk behaviors among adolescents.METHODS:Data derived from health behavior in school-aged children cross-sectional surveys and China Education Panel Survey in 2014-2015. Hierarchical generalized linear modeling was used to analyze data.RESULTS:The highest percentages of health risk behaviors including unhealthy diet, smoking or alcohol, screen-based sedentary behaviors, and violent behaviors across country ranged from 28.62% to 65.24%. National classmate friendliness was negatively associated with 5 out of 9 health risk behaviors prevalence rates in 41 countries (p < 0.05). Adolescents' perceived peer friendly and helpful were common protective factor for engaging in several health risk behaviors (p < 0.01). Individual family contexts were associated with 3 types of health risk behaviors involvement (p < 0.001).SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY IMPLICATIONS:Health risk behaviors among adolescents reducing was associated with the implementation of friendly school and family contexts, emphasizing the significance of the goals of embedding friendly adolescents, along with the home-school collaboration.CONCLUSIONS:Public health strategies should promote national climate of friendship and individual perceived friendly school contexts to reduce health risk behaviors.

The aims of this study were to explore whether student suicide reporting is consistent with media recommendations for suicide reporting; analyze public opinion and sentiments toward student suicide reports. A keyword search was performed on the WeiboReach platform. This study included 113 student suicide report posts and 176,262 readers’ comments on suicide news reports. Hierarchical generalized linear modeling was used to analyze the relationships between adherence to reporting recommendations and negative emotions in readers’ comments. None of the media reporting of student suicide was consistent with all of the media recommendations for suicide reporting. Netizens were less likely to post negative comments when the reports describe the suicide method used (OR 1.169, 95% CI 1.022∼1.337), and not specifying the cause of suicide was a protective factor for public negative emotion (OR 0.799, 95% CI 0.707, 0.905). The findings suggest improving responsible media reporting on student suicide to reduce negative public emotion.

With the advent of climate change and the 5 G era, online communities are increasingly becoming the main medium for information dissemination after emergencies such as natural disasters. The widespread dissemination of negative online information may generate cyber violence or lead to serious adverse psychological outcomes. This study considered a natural disaster event involving avoidable deaths and child casualties as an example to identify emotional contagion and conduct simulation interventions. Data about the aftermath of the 8·13 flash flood in the Longcaogou Scenic Area, Sichuan Province, China, were derived from the Chinese Sina microblog. We analyzed key parameters and modeled them in a dynamic model. We further evaluated the effects of implementing intervention measures (such as transmission path interruption and changing the number of different emotions) on emotional spread. The overall sentiment of posters after this flood was negative, with three epidemic peaks. Negative emotions were more persistent and contagious than positive emotions. Reducing the number of negative blog posts by half could have led to a 14.97% reduction in negative comments and a 7.17% reduction in positive comments. Simultaneously, reducing the number of negative blog posts and increasing the number of positive posts would have helped reduce the relative ratio of negative to positive comments. The findings have theoretical and practical implications for developing an emotional contagion model and formulating intervention strategies to guide public opinion after an emergency that involves extensive online debate.

Children’s psychological well-being is critical for students’ school performance and mental health. This study developed the Chinese Children’s Subjective Well-being Scale and explored an appropriate strategy to improve children’s subjective well-being from the collaboration between school and home perspective. Based on a literature review, focus group interviews, expert validity, factor structure and confirmatory factor analysis, this study developed the Chinese Children’s Subjective Well-being Scale. We then enrolled 289 grade 3–6 students from a public primary school in southeastern China to conduct multiple linear regression analysis. The Chinese Children’s Subjective Well-being Scale had good reliability and validity. Homework anxiety was negatively associated with subjective well-being (β = -0.21. p = 0.011). Family interaction and support improved subjective well-being. Less parental supervision and family conflict could buffer the negative effect of homework anxiety on subjective well-being. The Chinese Children’s Subjective Well-being Scale can be used with primary school students in China. This study also recommended that governments and education practitioners focus on optimizing collaboration between school and home to improve children’s subjective well-being by reducing their homework anxiety and increasing the harmonious family atmosphere (more family interaction and support and less parental supervision and family conflict).

BackgroundWellbeing may have a protective role in health maintenance. However, no specific study clarified the particular protective effect of the subjective wellbeing of rural elderly people on survival probability. Few studies have examined the effect of the lifestyle of rural elderly people on their subjective wellbeing from different perspectives. We investigated whether improving subjective wellbeing increased the probability of longevity of rural elderly people and the effects of lifestyle behaviors on the subjective wellbeing of rural elderly people in different birth generations.Materials and methodsData were derived from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), which is an ongoing open cohort study that adopts a multistage, random clustered sampling process. We used the data of elderly people who were aged 65 or over during 2006–2015 for analysis. The Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test found that the survival probability of rural elderly people was significantly lower than urban elderly people. Based on a sample of rural elderly people, Cox regression and generalized estimating equations were performed as further analyses.ResultsA total of 892 rural elderly people aged 65 or over were included in the sample in 2006. High subjective wellbeing was a protective factor against death. The subjective wellbeing of rural elderly people born in the 1940s/1930s/1908–1920s birth generations first decreased then increased. For rural elderly people born in the 1940s, there were significant positive effects of a preference for eating vegetables and walking/Tai Chi on subjective wellbeing. For rural elderly people born in the 1930s, preferences for eating vegetables, reading, and watching TV all had significant positive effects on subjective wellbeing. Rural elderly people born in the 1908–1920s who preferred watching TV had more subjective wellbeing.ConclusionImproving subjective wellbeing extended the life span and reduced mortality risk in rural elderly people and may be achieved by the shaping of a healthy lifestyle, such as preferences for eating vegetables, walking/Tai Chi, and reading.

Introduction China has the largest youth population in the world. To better implement the Smoke-free School Initiative, this study aims to examine the protective and risk factors for different smoking behaviors (never smoked, experimental smoking, and current smoking) among school adolescents based on social cognitive theory. Methods This research was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey of middle schools in Huli District of Xiamen, China. The final sample consisted of 1937 participants with an average age of 15.41 (SD = 1.64). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the sociodemographic characteristics of the sample. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed using four models. Results Of the respondents, 1685 (86.99%) were never smokers, 210 (10.84%) were experimental smokers, and 42 (2.17%) were current smokers. Social norms, positive outcome expectations, anti-smoking self-efficacy, and attitudes toward control tobacco policies were associated with adolescents' smoking behaviors. The number of smoking family members, classmates smoking, the perception that smoking is cool and attractive, and attitudes toward control tobacco policies were the predictors of current smoking behavior ( p < 0.05). In contrast, friends smoking and individual and social relationship motivation were associated with only experimental smoking ( p < 0.05). Discussion The relationship of social norms, positive outcome expectations, anti-smoking self-efficacy, and attitudes toward control tobacco policies varied across smoking behaviors. Family, school, society and the government need to cooperate in prevention and intervention programs for adolescent smoking. The relationships between these factors and adolescents' different smoking behaviors needs to be further verified.

BackgroundPositive social relationships are critical for better subjective well-being across ages. Future research will benefit from examining how to improve life satisfaction by utilizing social groups in new, ever-changing social and technological contexts. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of online and offline social network group clusters on life satisfaction across different age groups.MethodsData were derived from the Chinese Social Survey (CSS) (2019), which is a nationally representative survey. We adopted a K-mode cluster analysis algorithm to categorize participants into four clusters according to their online and offline social network groups. ANOVA and chi-square analysis were used to understand the associations among age groups, social network group clusters, and life satisfaction. Multiple linear regression was applied to identify the association between social network group clusters and life satisfaction across age groups.ResultsYounger and older adults had higher life satisfaction than middle-aged adults. Individuals who joined diverse social network groups had the highest life satisfaction, followed by those who joined personal and working social groups, while those who joined restricted social groups had the lowest life satisfaction (F = 81.19, p < 0.001). According to the results of multiple linear regression, individuals who belonged to diverse social groups had higher life satisfaction than those who belonged to restricted social groups among adults aged 18–59 years, except students (p < 0.05). Individuals who joined personal and working social groups had higher life satisfaction than those who joined restricted social groups among adults aged 18–29 and 45–59 years (β = 2.15, p < 0.01; β = 1.45, p < 0.01).ConclusionsInterventions to promote participation in diverse social network groups among adults aged 18–59 years, except for students, are highly recommended to improve life satisfaction. Health practitioners could provide interventions to encourage young and middle-aged adults to join both personal and working social groups.

Background The migrant elderly following family (MEFF), who migrates to new community to reunite with families, may face challenges of city integration and belonging. This study aims to explore from an elderly service perspective how to improve the sense of city belonging for MEFFs with and without hypertension/diabetes conditions. Methods Data were derived from the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey and China National Statistical Yearbooks in 2017. The study included 882 MEFFs with hypertension or diabetes and 1266 MEFFs without hypertension and diabetes. Hierarchical linear modeling was applied to analyze the effects of individual and provincial elderly services on sense of city belonging among the MEFF with and without hypertension/diabetes. Results The MEFFs with hypertension or diabetes exhibited a greater sense of city belonging when they were familiar with a wider range of health education topics (γ = 0.05, p = 0.033) and were in those provinces with a greater number of licensed doctors (γ = 0.39, p < 0.001) and hospitals ( p = 0.042). For those MEFFs without hypertension or diabetes, social security cards (γ = 0.57, p < 0.001) and awareness of a wider range of health education topics (γ = 0.07, p = 0.018) may help to improve their sense of city belonging. Conclusion This study calls for strengthening the accessibility in inclusive elderly services, and minimizing or even eliminating the inequality in elderly services at the individual and provincial levels to increase sense of city belonging among the MEFFs. For the MEFFs with hypertension or diabetes, health managers should focus on improving health information dissemination and increasing the number of doctors per 1000 people as well as and the number of hospitals to enhance the sense of city belonging. Moreover, the government should strengthen social security and health education to facilitate the adaptation and integration of MEFFs without hypertension and diabetes into the host city.

目的:考察60岁以上老年人群人格特征与睡眠质量之间的关联,为改善老年人睡眠质量提供新视角.方法:基于2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,使用logistics回归模型对数据进行实证分析.结果:神经质人格特征的老年人睡眠质量较差,亲和性人格特征的老年人睡眠质量较好,其他人格特征与睡眠质量之间无统计学意义.结论:应重点关注神经质人格特征老年人的睡眠问题,可以采取正念减压、本森放松训练等睡眠质量提升的干预方法,也可以采取人格训练改变老年人的神经质人格特征,来达到提升老年人睡眠质量的目的.

Hepatitis C imposes a heavy burden on many countries, including China, where the number of reported cases and the incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) increased yearly from 2005 to 2012, with a stable trend after 2012. The geographical distribution of HCV infections varies widely in China, with the northwest and southwest regions and the Henan Province showing a high disease burden. Elderly, men, sexually active people, drug users, migrants, blood transfusion recipients, and renal dialysis patients have become the target populations for hepatitis C prevention and control. It is important to improve the diagnosis rate in high-risk groups and asymptomatic people. Identifying secondary HCV infections, especially in HCV patients co-infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a priority of hepatitis C prevention and control. Enhancing universal access to direct antiviral agents (DAAs) treatment regimens is an effective way to improve the cure rate of HCV infection. For China to contribute to the WHO 2030 global HCV elimination plan, strategic surveillance, management, and treatment program for HCV are needed.

目的:探讨中青年流动人口慢性病防治教育现状及其影响因素,为提高中青年流动人口慢性病防治素养和促进慢性病防治教育服务和政策的制定提供参考依据.方法 基于2017年全国流动人口动态监测调查数据中14 8850名15～59岁中青年流动人口数据,利用SPSS 25.0统计软件分析其接受慢性病防治教育现状及影响因素.结果:14 8850名中青年流动人口中接受慢性病防治健康教育55 566人,接受率为37.3％;其中,15～35岁青年和36～59岁中年流动人口慢性病防治健康教育接受率分别为36.8％、38.0％.慢性病防治教育接受方式主要为宣传资料(纸质、影视)、宣传栏/电子显示屏、公众健康咨询、健康知识讲座、社区短信/微信/网络和个性化面对面咨询,分别占93.6％、86.1％、64.9％、59.5％、53.2％和44.0％.二元Logistic回归分析发现,男性、36～59岁、已建立健康档案、听说过"国家基本公共卫生服务"、患有慢性病、流动原因为经商、完全愿意融入本地人的中青年流动人口更倾向于接受慢性病防治健康教育.教育程度为小学及以下、家庭月总均收入≥10000元、跨省、无医疗保险、居住地到最近医疗机构所需时间≥15分钟的中青年流动人口更不倾向于接受慢性病防治教育.结论:中青年流动人口慢性病防治教育接受率较低,不同性别、年龄、受教育程度、家庭月均总收入、流动范围、流动原因、是否建立健康档案、是否听说"国家基本公共卫生服务"、是否患慢性病、医疗保险和居住地到最近医疗机构所需时间是影响中青年流动人口慢性病防治教育接受率的主要影响因素.

Abstract Evaluations of the pandemic to endemic phase are a great concern, especially in Zero-COVID-19 countries. Herein, we developed a mathematical model to simulate future scenarios for the variants of concern (VOCs) in the condition of several immune barriers and controlling measures. The results demonstrated that the Omicron variant would lead to 592.0 (mean ± standard deviation (SD): 433.9–750.0) million symptomatic, 24.3 (mean ± SD: 17.4–312.8) million hospital admission, 9.6 (mean ± SD:7.0–12.3) million ICU admission, and 5.4 (mean ± SD:3.7–7.5) million death cases after simulation with 1,000 days. At the endemic phase, there were nearly 500 death cases per day attributed to reinfection (66% [range: 62–70%]), infection from birth (18% [range: 16–21%]), and infection from migration (16% [range: 14–17%]). Actively treating more than 80% of cases could effectively reduce disease severity and death rates. It is feasible to transmit pandemic to endemic with Omicron variant and other milder VOCs. We recommend that the successful transition strategy is to improve medical resource allocation and enhance the prevention and control capabilities of health agencies.

Bullying is a public health issue of great concern worldwide. The occurrence of student bullying is affected by many factors. However, the impact of teachers’ behaviors on student bullying remains to be further discussed. This study explores gender differences in the influencing factors of teenagers’ bullying behavior and the moderating effects of teachers’ praise/criticism on teenagers’ bullying behavior. Data were derived from the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS). A total of 9449 students aged 14–15 years were followed from grade 7 through grade 8 (4937 boys, 4512 girls). The chi-square test was used to determine the gender distribution of bullying behavior. Logistic regression was used to analyze the moderating effects of teachers’ behaviors on students’ bullying behavior, and interaction diagrams were generated. Three times as many boys (15.57

Suicide events may have a negative impact on all of society. The media plays a significant role in suicide prevention. Therefore, the aims of this study are (a) to understand the association between characteristics of suicide events and characteristics of who committed suicide, and event impact indexes (EIIs) of suicide reported on the internet; (b) to analyze violation of recommendations for reporting suicide by Weibo, and (c) to investigate the effect of online reports of suicide on public opinion. We carried out a content analysis of online reports of suicide. This study analyzed 113 suicide events, 300 news reports of suicide, and 2,654 Weibo comments about suicide collected from the WeiboReach between 2015 and 2020. We used a t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to explore the potential factors associated with the EIIs of suicide events. The results found that (a) The suicide events reported on the internet during COVID-19 and those related to celebrities and students tend to have higher EIIs; (b) suicide reports on Weibo frequently violated WHO recommendations for suicide reporting in the media; and (c) public opinion of suicide reporting in the online media was mostly emotional and irrational, which is not beneficial for public mental health and suicide prevention. In conclusion, first, the situation of many people working from home or studying from home and spreading more time online during COVID-19 may lead to suicide events obtain more public attention. Online media could further improve public responsible reporting and daily media-content surveillance, especially taking particular care in those suicide events during COVID-19, and related to celebrities and students, which may have a higher event impact on the internet. Second, health managers should regular assessment of observance of the WHO recommendations for suicide reporting by online social media to prevent suicide. Third, health communication managers should use big data to identify, assess, and manage harmful information about suicide; and track anyone affected by suicide-related reports on social media to reduce the negative impact of public opinion to intervene suicide in the early stage of suicide.

When a major, sudden infectious disease occurs, people tend to react emotionally and display reactions such as tension, anxiety, fear, depression, and somatization symptoms. Social media played a substantial awareness role in developing countries during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to analyze public opinion regarding COVID-19 and to explore the trajectory of psychological status and online public reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic by examining online content from Weibo in China. This study consisted of three steps: first, Weibo posts created during the pandemic were collected and preprocessed on a large scale; second, public sentiment orientation was classified as “optimistic/pessimistic/neutral” orientation via natural language processing and manual determination procedures; and third, qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted to reveal the trajectory of public psychological status and online public reactions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public psychological status differed in different periods of the pandemic (from December 2019 to May 2020). The newly confirmed cases had an almost 1-month lagged effect on public psychological status. Among the 15 events with high impact indexes or related to government decisions, there were 10 optimism orientation > pessimism orientation (OP) events (2/3) and 5 pessimism orientation > optimism orientation (PO) events (1/3). Among the top two OP events, the high-frequency words were “race against time” and “support,” while in the top two PO events, the high-frequency words were “irrationally purchase” and “pass away.” We proposed a hypothesis that people developed negative self-perception when they received PO events, but their cognition was developed by how these external stimuli were processed and evaluated. These results offer implications for public health policymakers on understanding public psychological status from social media. This study demonstrates the benefits of promoting psychological healthcare and hygiene activity in the early period and improving risk perception for the public based on public opinion and the coping abilities of people. Health managers should focus on disseminating socially oriented strategies to improve the policy literacy of Internet users, thereby facilitating the disease prevention work for the COVID-19 pandemic and other major public events.

With increasing age, middle-aged and older persons face a series of physical and mental health problems. This study aimed to explore the latent relationships among age, functional disability, depression, and life satisfaction. The data were obtained from the Wave 2 (in 2013–2014) and Wave 3 (in 2015–2016) surveys of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The analytic sample in the present study included 15,950 individuals aged 45 years and over. The participants answered the same questions concerning depression and life satisfaction in both study waves, and functional disability was measured based on the activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living. Age was directly associated with functional disability, life satisfaction, and depression. Functional disability was positively correlated with depression and negatively correlated with life satisfaction. Functional disability strongly mediated the relationships among age, depression, and life satisfaction. Depression and life satisfaction were found to have enduring effects and effects on each other. Additionally, the model revealed a gender difference. Depression in middle-aged people should receive closer attention. Avoiding or improving functional disability may be an effective way to improve life satisfaction and reduce the level of depression in middle-aged and older persons. If prevention work successfully decreases depression, the life dissatisfaction of middle-aged and older people could be improved. Additionally, for the prevention of functional disability and depression and improvement in life satisfaction, gender differences need to be considered.