Safety of human beings has always been threatened by infectious diseases. In the process of fighting them, humans have continuously explored and researched the pathogens, transmission routes, prevention, and curing methods as well as other aspects concerning these diseases; therefore, accumulating a rich experience. Here, biosafety refers to the prevention and control measures taken to reduce risk factors leading to infectious diseases. Since ancient times, China has been aware of biosafety and has taken aggressive measures to reach it. Nowadays, China has established a complete infectious disease prevention, control, and biosafety system which effectively reduces the prevalence of infectious diseases. In this paper, the history on the development of infectious disease prevention, control, and biosafety protocols in China since ancient times is studied. Moreover, specific suggestions for their improvement are proposed.

该文综述了新发病毒性传染病疫苗研发态势,包括克里米亚-刚果出血热疫苗、埃博拉病毒病和马尔堡病毒病疫苗、拉沙热疫苗、中东呼吸综合征和严重急性呼吸综合征疫苗、尼帕病毒病和亨尼帕病毒病疫苗、裂谷热疫苗、寨卡病毒病疫苗、新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗等.针对我国在控制新发病毒性传染病方面存在的高致病性病毒资源储备、检测技术、监测与预警能力建设、疫苗的研发、药物筛选等不足,提出了完善实验室平台建设,加强对病原体传播、变异规律和致病机制基础研究,加强技术创新体系建设,加强人才培养和国际合作等相关对策建议.

新闻报道的叙事语义要素,是新闻报道经由一定的符号系统而构成的报道语义单位的重要元素,既以内容为本,又离不开一定的形式层面加以表达.新闻报道的语义要素,还与新闻媒体的特点、新闻报道的功能息息相关,并因此具有一定的独特性.新闻报道的叙事语义要素系统具有以下特征:就客观世界看,语义以新闻信息为根本,新闻报道不是文艺创作、历史书写、理论撰述或新闻评论,其语义须以新闻信息为根本;就符号世界看,新闻报道既使用语言符号,又使用非语言符号,其叙事语义的起伏生灭并未局限于语言系统;就主观世界看,以由新闻媒体为中心的传者对当下客观世界反映为主,以由受众为主导的社会群体对经由符号世界而关于客观世界的反映为辅.

Biosafety has attracted an unprecedented amount of attention from the global community as an important element in national security. All biosafety issues are related to laws and therefore must be regulated accordingly. A preliminary biosafety legislation system based on and suitable for China’s actual conditions has been established. The provisions of numerous laws have provided legislative tools to manage biosafety issues. The State Council and relevant ministries have also exercised their respective functions and drafted codes and regulations concerning biosafety protection. These laws and regulations play important roles, but our nation still lacks a law solely dedicated to biosafety regulation, and the supervisory system is incomplete. To remedy this situation, relevant biotechnologies must be developed, issues related to biosafety must be thoroughly examined, and the best practices of other nations should be introduced, all of which will improve biosafety legislation in China.