In the infrared spectroscopic transmittance testing system based on the retro-reflective method,the position of the components such as aperture will affect the measurement of spectral transmittance of the infrared lens during measurement.To address this issue,a vignetting model was established to analyze the vignetting of the measurement beam in the testing system,and the vignetting formula generated by aperture and other components placing at different positions was derived.Experimental results show that maintaining the consistency in relative vignetting between the aerial and actual measurements can effectively reduce the effect of vignetting variations on the measurement of spectral transmittance of the infrared lens.

发射率作为飞机蒙皮隐身性能的关键指标，是评估飞机综合隐身性能的重要手段。介绍了红外隐身涂料光谱发射率的测量方法，研制了环境温度条件下红外隐身涂料光谱发射率校准装置，设计了基于迈克尔逊干涉理论的傅里叶变换光谱仪实现光谱分光，采用镀金积分球样品室实现信号的垂直入射与漫射接收，实现了隐身涂层光谱发射率的准确测量。提出以漫反射片为标准物质的溯源方法，实现了测量装置的溯源。利用校准装置对黄铜等样品的光谱发射率进行测量，给出了光谱范围为3μm～12μm的测量结果，光谱发射率测量不确定度优于3.2%（k=2）。

针对红外光学系统透射比参数无法准确测量的问题,开展了红外光学系统光谱透射比测量和校准技术研究.通过对积分球法、大面积均匀源法等测量方法进行分析,研究构建了基于回返射法的红外光学系统光谱透射比校准装置,并建立了完整的光谱透射比量值溯源和量传链条.利用该装置实现了 2 μm～14 μm波长范围的光谱透射比测量,对测量结果进行不确定度分析,结果为2%.相对于以往的透射比测量装置,该装置的测量结果具有更高的准确性和可靠性.

围绕红外热像仪成像参数MRTD(最小可分辨温差)测试问题开展研究,介绍了MRTD的测试方法以及MRTD测试装置— 红外热像仪评估系统的工作原理,详细分析了MRTD测试过程中,红外热像仪测试位置、差分黑体温差、差分黑体发射率和光学系统几何像差等因素对测试结果的影响.针对这些问题,提出了采用红外扫描辐射计对红外热像仪评估系统温差进行校准的方法,利用该方法对某空间频率下热像仪MRTD进行测试,并给出了测试结果,为热像仪MRTD参数准确测试提供参考.

介绍了黑体温度测量的溯源途径及方法,分析了探测器绝对光谱响应、透镜透过率及面积效应等对黑体温度测量的影响,试验测量结果表明黑体温度可以通过标准探测器进行量值传递并溯源.与传统溯源方法相比,利用标准探测器进行量值传递测量精度可提升一个数量级,达到0.8％的水平.

为解决红外目标隐身效果评估过程中辐射计视场响应不均匀对测量结果的影响,提出一种等立体角标定和测量的方法.采用同光路原理消除光学系统轴外像差造成的视场响应非均匀对测量结果的影响,实现红外隐身目标辐射强度等参数的标定和测量.以标准黑体为测量对象,采用本文提出的测量方法对其在(3～5)μm的积分辐射强度进行实验验证,结果表明其测量值与标准值相对误差小于2％,测量相对不确定度优于3.7％(k=2).

卡塞格林系统观测不同距离目标时需要用螺纹微调旋转次镜的方法来改变焦距以获得清晰的像,但次镜随螺纹旋转会导致系统成像的周期性晃动,这在许多高精度光学仪器中是不允许的.针对该问题,分析了系统成像周期性晃动的影响因素并给出具体的运算公式.通过具体事例结合工厂加工水平,分析出该加工精度下的最大可能偏差,若其不在仪器误差允许范围内,就需采用无旋转的次镜微调机构.结果说明,用旋转次镜的微调机构产生的晃动半径有0.65 mm,而用无旋转的次镜微调机构产生的晃动半径只有0.13 mm,系统精度得到较大提高.

功率和能量是微弱激光的两个基本参数,激光功率和能量测量一直是微弱激光参数计量中最基础的研究工作.文章总结了美国标准技术研究院(NIST)、英国国家物理实验室(NPL)以及中国国家计量院(NIM)在微弱激光功率能量计量方面的技术现状,重点介绍了国防科技工业光学计量一级站在微弱激光功率能量计量方面已具备的条件,详细说明了所采用的测量原理以及所达到的测量范围和测量不确定度等技术指标.提出了微弱激光功率和能量计量的发展趋势和发展方向.

Current lasers require testers judged visually measuring the brightness of a spot of the laser output,shape,spacing,and other information.Testers subjective judgment,environmentally sensitive features. This design of the automated measurement of a laser system that can realize the laser test automation system,the measurement with high efficiency,and good consistency of the test results.

The spatial noise on staring array thermal imager restricts its capability in detecting , distinguishing and tracking the long distance targets .To solve the problem in measuring the thermal imager spatial noise ,its measuring theory was analyzed and the mathematical model for measuring the spatial noise based on signal transfer function (SiTF) was presented .After removing the temporal noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) from the noise of a certain group or district or the whole pixels in thermal imager ,the spatial NETD model was calculated through analyzing statistically the noise of those pixels .In measuring the SiT F and spatial NETD of cooled MCT320 × 256 thermal imager ,when the temperature of the back‐ground blackbody is 5 ℃ ,the SiTF of central district in field of view(FOV) is 27 .29 mV/℃ , and the spatial NETD is 0 .128 ℃ .When the temperature of the background blackbody is 20 ℃ ,the SiTF of central district in FOV is 29 .03 mV/℃ ,and the spatial NETD is 0 .121 ℃ .The measuring results show that the measuring method can evaluate the influence of spatial noise on the perform‐ance of thermal imager .

The bandpass colorimetric filter temperature measurement theory was presented,which could accurately measure the object at medium-low temperature,meanwhile,a series of experimental facility were built up based on the theory.The facilities used were calibrated accurately and the discrete data were fitted by using numerical function,a temperature-measurement experiment was done using extended blackbody in the range of 50℃～400℃.Experiment result implies that the facility can precisely obtain the true temperature of a measured objection without the presence of target launch rate.Therefore,it proves the validity of the theory and the feasibility of the temperature-measurement system matching the theory,which plays a key role in the accurate measurement of the medium-low temperature objects.