The measurement system of high energy laser beam quality factor β is mainly used for state debugging and comprehensive performance parameters diagnosis of laser system,while these parameters can evaluate the laser output performance and the far-field spot focusing ability of the laser system.Aiming at the defect that the beam quality factor β close to the diffraction limit occupying too few pixels in the area array detectors,a measurement method was proposed based on microscopic magnification with high-precision scanning slit,and the relevant scheme was analyzed and calculated.In addition,a verification scheme of measurement results using the combination of fixed aberration elements and collimator light sources was designed to analyze the uncertainty of measuring device of developed high energy laser beam quality factor β,and the measurement uncertainty was better than 10%.

设计并搭建了一套 1 064 nm、532 nm的双波长光学元件激光损伤阈值自动测量装置,用于光学元件膜层激光损伤阈值的自动化检测.装置主要由脉冲激光光源、光束参数诊断组件、损伤在线诊断组件、待测件扫描运动平台和控制系统组成.整个测量装置和测量过程由基于Labview编制的计算机综合测量软件自动控制,可实现损伤阈值在0.1 J/cm2～100 J/cm2 能量密度范围内的自动测量,并利用该装置对1064 nm增透膜和铝反射膜样品进行了测量,得到损伤阈值分别为27.09 J/cm2和3.21 J/cm2,相对不确定度分别为3.91%和5.61%.

In order to measure the reflectivity of large-aperture and high-reflectivity optical elements in high energy laser transmission system, a precision measurement system for two-dimensional scanning of largeaperture optical elements was designed. The structure and working principle of the system were introduced, the factors affecting the measurement accuracy of the system were analyzed, and the influence of systematic error of the scanning system on the measurement accuracy was theoretically analyzed. The results show that the measurement error is 10-6 magnitude when the horizontal deviation is 0.29 mm perpendicular to the beam propagation direction. When the variation of cavity length is small, the rotation axis deviation can be compensated and the system can be fine adjusted by adjusting the ring-down cavity mirror. By fitting the data of light intensity and time, the corresponding first-order exponential function fitting curve was obtained, and the ring-down time as well as the reflectivity was obtained by calculation. Through contrast analysis, this kind of error analysis method can more effectively measure the reflectivity of cavity mirrors and can reduce the error brought by the experimental data itself.

In the evaluation and analysis of high-power laser system, the beam quality of laser is the decisive factor of the system beam quality and also an important index of acceptance and appraisal of laser, among which the beam divergence angle is an important parameter to identify the laser beam quality. The range of laser wavelength tested in this system is relatively wide, generally between 0.532 μm～10.6 μm, and no suitable detector can cover the whole band. Therefore, a new method was adopted to solve the measurement problem of wide-band beam divergence angle. The method of combining charge coupled device（CCD） imaging and scanning slit was used to measure the wide-band beam divergence angle. The CCD method was used to measure the laser beam divergence angle in visible and near-infrared band（0.532 μm～1.2 μm）, and the scanning slit method was used to measure the laser beam divergence angle in mid-infrared band（1.2 μm～10.6 μm）. The combination of the two methods can accurately measure the laser beam divergence angle in different wavebands.

光学镜头的残余偏振是影响偏振遥感探测、偏振军事目标识别和精密光学测量仪器测量准确度的一个关键参数。针对大口径可见光波段光学镜头偏振度准确测量的问题，研制了一台光学镜头残余偏振度测量装置。该装置利用表面镀金属膜的大口径离轴抛物面反射镜作为准直光源，通过控制入射光的入射角、降低入射光源的残余偏振度等技术，在水平、垂直、45°、135°的方向获得了一致性很高的斯托克斯参量。为了验证该装置的性能，对可见光波段口径小于160 mm的光学镜头残余偏振进行了实际测量，测量结果表明，该测量装置的残余偏振度低于0.2%，可满足高精度光学镜头残余偏振的测量需要。

测量高能激光远场辐照度分布是评估激光武器系统性能指标的一个有效方法.对国内外现有的几种高能激光远场辐照度分布测量方法进行了比较和归纳,对各种技术的优点和缺点作了深入的分析,并对靶面抗损伤技术、取样衰减技术和功率密度定标技术3项关键技术研究进展进行了介绍,在该基础上阐述了高能激光能量远场辐照度分布直接测量技术的发展趋势.

传统激光光束质量测量方法在CCD相机靶面前激光光路上加装可调衰减模块,对激光光束进行衰减。但该方法受限于CCD相机像元尺寸限制,难以进行高精度测量。为此该文提出了一种滚轮狭缝式激光光束质量评价方法,在测量时采用狭缝滚轮上的扫描狭缝直接扫描被测激光光束,使用InGaAs探测器配合聚焦透镜进行测量。经过与电机同轴的高精度增量式编码器确保采集位置与采集数据同步,扫描频率根据被测激光脉冲频率和光斑的直径范围可进行调整,该方法对光斑空间采样分辨率优于1μm。实验结果表明,采用该方法测得的激光M~2因子数值与被测激光器提供数值一致,测量不确定度小于10%。

简述了高能高功率激光技术的发展现状及其计量测试需求,介绍了近年来开展的高能高功率激光参数计量测试研究取得的进展,给出激光功率能量、时域参数和空域参数等测量原理和方法.指出了高能高功率激光参数测量面临的主要问题及需要突破的关键技术,包括大动态范围功率能量"无畸变"衰减技术、激光功率能量现场测量技术和功率能量计溯源及后向散射补偿方法等.

KDP/DKDP倍频晶体是惯性约束聚变系统中的关键元件,其主截面方向与晶体相位匹配角、晶体吸收系数紧密相关.为了实现KDP/DKDP倍频晶体主截面方向的高精度定位,本文提出一种光强测量间接定位方法.通过激光器结合稳功率仪及半波片输出稳定线偏振光,同时旋转相互正交的起偏器与检偏器可获得晶体的最佳消光位置即为主截面方向.推导了该测量系统光强的琼斯矩阵模型,给出了光强与起偏器、检偏器角度间的关系表达式.采用最小二乘方法拟合经过起偏器、倍频晶体及检偏器的光强变化曲线,从而可精确定位倍频晶体主截面的方向.通过计算机仿真模拟和实验验证了该方法的正确性和可行性.实验表明,该方法定位的重复测量精度优于0.02°,满足惯性约束聚变系统中KDP/DKDP倍频晶体主截面的定位控制精度要求.

飞秒激光在激光核聚变、卫星精密测距、激光微加工等领域具有重要的应用前景,同时也是产生太赫兹波的主要泵浦源.介绍了国内外飞秒激光脉冲宽度和脉冲波形的测试方法,比较了自相关法、频率分辨光学快门法、光谱相位相干直接电场重构法的优缺点.自相关法具有脉宽测量范围广、结构简单等特点,但不具备脉冲波形测试能力.光谱相位相干直接电场重构法对待测激光光束质量要求较高,不适合大量程范围激光脉宽快速测量.为满足10 f s～5 ps大量程范围超短激光脉冲宽度和脉冲波形的测试需求,采用自相关法及二次谐波频率分辨光学开关法研制飞秒激光脉冲宽度和脉冲波形测试仪,时间分辨率优于2 fs.

跟瞄精度是空间激光通信系统捕获、跟踪和瞄准(acquisition,tracking and pointing,ATP)分系统的重要指标参数之一,其准确测量是评估空间激光通信系统远距离通信性能的关键.介绍了空间激光通信系统ATP分系统跟瞄精度的测试方法,设计了一种基于平行光管法的空间激光通信系统动态瞄参数测量装置,分析和讨论了影响动态跟瞄精度测量不确定度的因素.试验表明,该测量装置在100 Hz振动频率条件下,ATP分系统稳定精度测量不确定度达到1.9μrad(k=2),可用于空间激光通信系统ATP分系统跟瞄参数检测以及远距离激光通信性能评估.

为了满足光的偏振特性测量要求,设计了一套激光偏振度测量仪.该装置利用旋转1/4波片对光波进行调制,通过对调制信号进行傅里叶分析获得光源的偏振度.利用测量光功率的方式对激光偏振度测量仪的偏振度进行校准,实验结果表明,所研制的激光偏振度测量仪测量精度优于0.5％,满足高精度激光偏振度测量需求.

介绍了黑体温度测量的溯源途径及方法,分析了探测器绝对光谱响应、透镜透过率及面积效应等对黑体温度测量的影响,试验测量结果表明黑体温度可以通过标准探测器进行量值传递并溯源.与传统溯源方法相比,利用标准探测器进行量值传递测量精度可提升一个数量级,达到0.8％的水平.

功率和能量是微弱激光的两个基本参数,激光功率和能量测量一直是微弱激光参数计量中最基础的研究工作.文章总结了美国标准技术研究院(NIST)、英国国家物理实验室(NPL)以及中国国家计量院(NIM)在微弱激光功率能量计量方面的技术现状,重点介绍了国防科技工业光学计量一级站在微弱激光功率能量计量方面已具备的条件,详细说明了所采用的测量原理以及所达到的测量范围和测量不确定度等技术指标.提出了微弱激光功率和能量计量的发展趋势和发展方向.

High energy laser (HEL) meter by means of calorimetric method is used to measure continuous wave (CW) laser with energy more than 50 kJ .The photoelectricity calibration is usually made by CW laser illumination with known power for more than 20 minutes ,and be-cause of the heat loss ,the uncertainty is up to 12% .The influence of heat radiation and heat convection on energy measurements of CW high energy laser was analyzed theoretically based on the model of calorimetric plane absorbing HEL energy meter .The cooling down model for laser energy meter with plane absorbing chamber was deduced accurately which made it possi-ble to compensate for heat loss of energy meter .The experiments apparatus was established to verify the correctness of the model .With this model ,the measurement uncertainty of photoe-lectricity calibration decreases to 1% above .

提出了一种变温条件下红外光学材料透过率测量评价方法.研究内容包括使用准直反射镜将红外光源变为平行光,通过斩波器变为脉冲光,再经滤光片选择波长;使用平面反射镜组与精密温控炉来获得变温条件下的双光路:测试光路与参考光路.使用前置放大电路和锁相放大器对红外微弱信号进行检测,根据两个光路的测量电压计算样品的透过率及透过率温度系数.计算机实现自动控制、采集与相关运算.该方法解决了变温条件下红外光学材料透过率测量中的实际应用问题,使光学材料参数检测从常规检测扩展到高温等极端条件,更接近于材料的实际使用条件,蓝宝石材料在波长5 195 nm处,透过率高于10％,温度从室温到700℃的范围内,重复性优于0.2％.

A chopper was used to change continuous laser into microsecond repetition-rate pulse width laser,then a single pulse chooser was used to make a single pulse laser from the repetition-rate laser.A trap detector was used to measure the output power of the continuous laser.Besides,the high-speed APD probe and high-gain PIN probe were used to detect the waveform of the pulse laser waveform,and the oscilloscope was used to measure the width of the pulse laser.Based on the measured power and waveform,the pulse laser's energy could be obtained.Using this method,the 0.2 pJ micro energy laser measurement and calibration could be realized.Through analysis,the measurement uncertainty of the device reached 0.42%.

The bandpass colorimetric filter temperature measurement theory was presented,which could accurately measure the object at medium-low temperature,meanwhile,a series of experimental facility were built up based on the theory.The facilities used were calibrated accurately and the discrete data were fitted by using numerical function,a temperature-measurement experiment was done using extended blackbody in the range of 50℃～400℃.Experiment result implies that the facility can precisely obtain the true temperature of a measured objection without the presence of target launch rate.Therefore,it proves the validity of the theory and the feasibility of the temperature-measurement system matching the theory,which plays a key role in the accurate measurement of the medium-low temperature objects.