Mercury methylation was consisted of biotic and abiotic methylation in nature, which play decisive roles in the geochemical cycle of mercury and its compounds. The abiotic methylation has been deeply studied to the gene level, but the abiotic methylation mechanism of mercury is still unclear. This paper analyzed condition and key factors of abiotic methylation of mercury, mechanism of abiotic methylation was comprehensively expounded by electron distribution, hybridization, electronegativity and free radical theory. The corrin-like coenzyme methylcobalamin was an efficient methyl donor, and the effect of pH on the mercury abiotic methylation was the greatest. The initial mercury concentration of 500mg/L, pH = 5 and temperature 35°C were the optimal parameters for yielding methylmercury, which is the most unfavorable conditions to the nature. The abiotic methylation of mercury conforms to the second-order reaction kinetic model. Compared with solution, soil will reduce the rate and yield of abiotic methylation. The mechanism of abiotic methylation reaction of mercury should be the coexistence of carbanion transfer and methyl radical reaction.

Wastewater treatment in rural China with better energy efficiency and recyclability is in urgent demand. In this demonstration project study, a novel process consisting of a waterwheel-rotating biological contactor (WRBC) and plants purification system was developed to treat rural sewage with a design flow of 20m3/d. The removal efficiency of COD, TN (total nitrogen), TP (total phosphorus) was 76 %-87 %, 52 %-66 % and 67 %-79 %. Microbial communities of biofilm sludge and suspended sludge in WRBC system, together with sludge attached to plant roots in plants purification system were analyzed and compared. Data of similar facilities (electricity consumption required) at 22 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were collected to evaluate the process operation cost level. The operating energy consumption of this project was 21 %-40 % lower than that of A2/O process and 24 %-36 % lower than that of bio-contact oxidation process. The system had the advantage of removing pollutants with low economic cost and could realize resource recovery through economic crop planting, which may give references in the development of a circular economy at the WWTPs in rural areas.

Simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) is a sustainable and cost-effective technology for nitrogen removal from low-strength wastewater. However, knowledge of the biofilm microenvironment of the SNAD system is currently unsatisfactory. The purpose of this study was to evaluate organic carbon effects on the microenvironment and microbial growth in the SNAD biofilm system. Microelectrodes were used to investigate microbial activity in-depth within biofilms. ORP distribution of the SNAD system was positively related to anammox activity(R2 = 0.9), and had some influence on microbial community structure. The synergistic effect of anammox bacteria and denitrifiers could be achieved when the abundance ratio of anammox bacteria to denitrifying bacteria is greater than 1.2.

为了探索低污染水的资源化处理途径,本文开展了植物净化槽和净化槽处理低污染水的效果研究,并分析了植物净化槽的污染物去除途径及根系微生物群落.结果表明,植物净化槽对污染物的去除效果明显高于净化槽,经植物净化槽处理后,低污染水的化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH4+-N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)的浓度分别降至 17、0、1.43和0.13 mg/L,达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)Ⅲ类标准.植物净化槽根系优势微生物为Rhodo-cyclaceae、Comamonadaceae、Burkholderiales、Methylophilaceae、Cellvibrio、Zoogloea 和Pseudomonas,其中Comamonadaceae 和 Methylophilaceae 主要去除含氮物质,Rhodocyclace-ae和Pseudomonas主要去除含磷物质.植物、填料及土壤皆对污染物去除产生作用.含氮化合物依靠沸石吸附、植物吸收和土壤蓄积在间隙水中去除;含磷物质主要依靠与土壤中金属离子结合生成难溶物质或置换而除去,植物与微生物协同利用有机磷;COD的去除主要依靠植物及根系微生物.

Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process is known as a low-energy and environmentally friendly process for treating nitrogen-rich wastewater. Anammox bacteria are the key microorganisms to achieve this biological process. However, the efficient enrichment of anammox bacteria has been a bottleneck for its practical application because of their slow growth and high sensitivity, and no pure culture has been found. Therefore, the development of efficient anammox bacterial enrichment techniques is of great theoretical and application value. Solving the problem of anammox bacterial activity and improving the process denitrification performance is one of the current research hotspots. In this paper, three aspects of anammox bacteria are described in terms of their physiological properties, environmental influencing factors, and short-term starvation tolerance; a systematic review of the latest research progress in accelerating the activity of anammox bacteria using enrichment strategies for process regulation, the construction of granulation models, suspended sludge biomass management, and strain preservation. Finally, the future frontier development of anammox bacteria was discussed and foreseen.

Soil pollution is a global environmental problem. Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) as a kind of emerging remedial material is used for contaminated soil, which can quickly and effectively degrade and remove pollutants such as organic halides, nitrates and heavy metals in soil, respectively. However, nZVI and its composites can enter the soil environment in the application process, affect the physical and chemical properties of the soil, be absorbed by microorganisms and affect the growth and metabolism of microorganisms, thus affecting the ecological environment of the entire soil. Because of the potential risks of nZVI to the environment and ecosystems, this paper summarizes the current application of nZVI in the remediation of contaminated soil environments, summarizes the various factors affecting the toxic effects of nZVI particles and comprehensively analyzes the toxic effects of nZVI on microorganisms, toxic mechanisms and cell defense behaviors to provide a theoretical reference for subsequent biosafety research on nZVI.

The Batman-TCM research platform based on network pharmacology was used to predict the reverse targets of 11 active components of blueberry. The anti-inflammatory target genes of these components were extracted by comparing them with the anti-inflammatory drug target genes in the GeneCards database. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway, as well as protein interaction analysis of these anti-inflammatory target genes, were carried out using the String database. The anti-inflammatory component-target-action pathway map of blueberry was constructed using the Cytoscape software. The molecular docking between seven components and two targets was validated using the Autodock-vina program. The results showed that 7 components had anti-inflammatory activity and acted on 84 anti-inflammatory targets. KEGG and GO analysis showed that the main active components of blueberry could inhibit inflammation by inhibiting the production of inflammatory factors and enhancing immunity. Network analysis revealed that the main anti-inflammatory targets of blueberry active components were TNF, ESR1, AGTR1, and IGF1. Based on molecular docking analysis, the main components of blueberry integrate with 2 important targets in inflammatory networks. Collectively, we characterized the anti-inflammatory effect of blueberry by multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway. The molecular mechanism of the multi-target effect of blueberry was preliminarily expounded, thereby providing a scientific basis for exploring the material basis and mechanism of the anti-inflammatory action of blueberry. Objective: To provide scientific basis for exploring the material basis and mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of blueberry. Methods: The anti-inflammatory target genes of these components were extracted by comparing them with the anti-inflammatory drug target genes in the GeneCards database. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway, as well as protein interaction analysis of these anti-inflammatory target genes, were carried out by using the String database. The anti-inflammatory component-target-action pathway map of blueberry was constructed using the Cytoscape software. The molecular docking between seven components and two targets was validated using the Autodock-vina program. The results showed that 7 components had anti-inflammatory activity and acted on 84 anti-inflammatory targets. Results: 7 components had anti-inflammatory activity and acted on 84 anti-inflammatory targets. KEGG and GO analysis showed that the main active components of blueberry could inhibit inflammation by inhibiting the production of inflammatory factors and enhancing immunity. Network analysis revealed that the main anti-inflammatory targets of blueberry active components were TNF, ESR1, AGTR1 and IGF1. Based on molecular docking analysis, the main components of blueberry integrate with 2 important targets in inflammatory networks. Conclusion: The molecular mechanism of the multi-target effect of blueberry was preliminarily expounded, thereby providing a scientific basis for exploring the material basis and mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of blueberry.

Thepresent study introduces a coupled system comprising an upflowanaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and a sequencing batch reactor (SBR)to treat intensive cattle farming wastewater. The results confirmedthat the optimal conditions for UASB were an organic load rate of9.98 kg-COD m(-3)& BULL;day(-1), aC/N ratio of 22, and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1.5 h. Forthe SBR reactor, the optimal conditions are a dissolved oxygen (DO)concentration of 6.08 mg L-1 and the S2 aerationmode. Under these optimal conditions, the study achieved anaerobicand aerobic sludge granules (0.25-0.5 and 0.5-0.75 mm)with excellent properties due to the cooperation of a functional microbialcommunity, including Synergistetes, Thermotogae, Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Hyd24-12 in UASB and Paracoccus, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Acinetobacter in SBR. This hybrid system contributed 94% of chemical oxygen demand(COD), 90% of NH4 (+)-N, 90% of TN, and 61% ofTP. Additionally, it achieved 18% net energy recovery from the realcattle wastewater, indicating that the UASB-SBR-coupled systemholds potential as an approach for treating and recovering energyfrom cattle wastewater. Anovel system combining micro-aerated UASB and SBR processestreats cattle wastewater efficiently while recovering energy simultaneously.

The treatment of rural sewage has become an important part of environmental protection. In this study, a novel waterwheel-rotating biological contactor (WRBC) system, with intensified biofilm and high-shock load resistance, was applied to treat rural sewage. When the COD concentration of actual sewage fluctuated between 79–530 mg/L, the COD removal efficiency was 41.3–94.5%, and the NH4+-N removal efficiency always reach 100% with actual sewage. The TN removal efficiency changed between 14.3–86.2%, which was greatly affected by the water intake. The effluent TN concentration ranged from 5 to 14 mg/L, which meets the emission requirements. It maintained an absolute effluent stability when the change rates of influent loads (N or COD) varied from −60% to 100%. The biofilm morphology and the composition of extracellular polymeric substances were evaluated based on SEM and FTIR spectra. The results showed that the -NH2 group content increased compared with the inoculated sludge, and the biofilm formed more uneven compact clusters after the treatment of actual sewage. Based on 16SrRNA high-throughput sequencing techniques, the bacterial diversity and microbial community structure of the WRBC system over time was revealed. This study may help guide optimization strategies for more effective pollutant removal in rural areas.

磷是导致水体富营养化的主要污染物之一,污水中排放的磷是水体磷的主要来源之一.化学除磷成本相对较高,除磷填料已成为强化污水除磷的重要手段.本文分析了不同无机除磷填料的物理特性,研究了烧结法、免烧法、改性法等填料制备方法的使用条件,探讨了影响无机除磷填料效果的因素,综述了其在污水处理工艺中的应用,以推进无机除磷填料的发展,提高污水处理水平.

Electrodeionization (EDI) is used to recover ammonia from wastewater as a fuel, but how its performance for ammonia recovery is affected by the supporting electrolyte is not very clear. This study involved experimental tests and theoretical calculations on NH3 recovery, NH4 + permeation, and NH4 + and Na+ interacting with the functional groups in a cation exchange membrane (CEM) using Na2SO4 as the supporting electrolyte. The results demonstrated that a low concentration (≤0.250 mol L-1 of Na2SO4) was conducive to NH4 + permeation, while the a concentration (0.750 mol L-1 of Na2SO4) hindered NH4 + permeation. A maximum recovery efficiency of ammonia of 80.00%, a current efficiency of 70.10%, and an energy balance ratio of 0.66 were obtained at 0.250 mol L-1 of Na2SO4. Numerical results indicated that an increase in Na2SO4 concentration caused severe concentration polarization that resisted NH4 + migration in the CEM. The DFT results demonstrated that competitive adsorption of Na+ to the CEM hindered NH4 + migration. The weaker interacting force between NH4 + and the sulfonate functional group (-SOH3) in comparison to that between Na+ and -SOH3 might be related to the geometric and orientation effects, which generated an additional energy barrier for NH4 + transport. Therefore, this study suggests that the supporting electrolyte concentration should be matched with that of the desalted ions.

研究了不同进水温度下,超疏水膜装置处理榨菜综合废水的污染物去除性能和膜通量变化情况.结果表明,进水温度对超疏水膜装置处理榨菜综合废水污染物去除效果影响不明显,膜通量和接触角随进水温度的增加而增加.综合考虑污染物去除效果及膜通量,进水温度不低于60℃时超疏水膜装置处理榨菜废水效果较佳.

"厕所革命"是中国基础民生工作的一项重要举措,是农村人居环境改善的关键.通过对西南地区重庆市某区农村厕改情况的实地调研分析,研究了重庆市某区农村厕改工作的现状及存在问题,结果显示:重庆市某区农村户厕改厕率为92.1％;农村生活污水处理率较低,仅为46.0％;分散型农村污水处理效果较差,农村厕改成果未得到较好的维护,"重建设、轻维护"的问题明显.建议农村厕改及污水治理技术应因地制宜,考虑将生态工艺与生物工艺联合使用.

Humidification and dehumidification technology is an emerging technology in the fields of wastewater concentration and seawater desalination. This technology provides a new treatment idea for water treatment. The basic principles of humidification and dehumidification and the operation modes of humidification and dehumidification systems under different classifications were described, and the humidifier, dehumidifier, and the factors affecting the increase in fresh water production in the overall structure for the water production effect of the humidification and dehumidification system, and the humidification and dehumidification technology the application situation in water treatment were introduced, and finally the suggestions for improvement in the selection of humidifiers and humidification fillers were put forward.

To solve the problem that it takes a long time to cultivate granular sludge under single load or gradually increasing load and the removal of pollutants is unstable. An alternative change of influent carbon-nitrogen loading was proposed to study the formation process of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) and the removal effect of pollutants. Cultivated AGS by influent—aeration—sedimentation—drainage (S1) and influent— aeration—anoxia—aeration—anoxia—aeration—sedimentation—drainage (S2), and the morphological changes, sedimentation performance and pollutant removal situation during the formation of granular sludge were compared and analyzed. Results showed that the average particle size of the reactor (S1) was 0.5 mm on Day 84 and the reactor (S2) on Day 78. At the Day 115, the average particle size of the sludge in two reactors was 0.85 mm and 0.97 mm.S1 and S2 mass concentration of the MLSS is 4.940, 5.895 g/L and SVI in the reactor is 80, 46 mL/g, mature AGS was more conducive to the growth of microorganisms, maintained higher biomass and sedimentation performance.The removal effect of COD and NH4+–N under two operating modes changed slightly, and the removal effect of TN and PO43––P was significantly different. The removal rates of COD, NH4+–N, TN, and PO43––P in S1 operation mode were 90.0%, 99.7%, 74.5% and 85.0% spectively, while were 94.0%, 99.9%, 94.35%, 95.0%, respectively, in S2, and 4.0%, 0.2%, 19.9% and 10.0% higher than that in S1. The aerobic granular sludge with larger particle size and better pollutant removal performance Could be cultivated in reactor (S2) with intermittent aeration.

校园生活污水处理工艺较多,目前国内主要采用:活性污泥法、生物膜法、膜生物反应器及自然生态法,但不同校园污水处理工艺有差异,为了更针对性地处理校园生活污水,本文归纳了国内校园生活污水的水质特点,总结了现有校园生活污水处理模式,处理工艺技术及资源化利用技术,分析了具体的国内外工程技术案例,提出了目前校园生活污水处理工艺技术处理存在的问题及发展趋势.

培养垃圾焚烧发电方向技术人才是助推垃圾焚烧发电产业快速高效发展的重要保障.本文分析了垃圾焚烧发电行业人才需求,提出了垃圾焚烧发电行业人才培养存在相关专业课程设置关联性不强、利用现有平台培养人才数量少、实践课程的教学质量总体不高、缺乏多专业综合性人才的培养等四方面问题,并针对四方面问题提出了优化相关专业课程设置、平台充分融入教学过程、注重实践课程教学质量、尝试综合性人才培养的垃圾焚烧发电行业专业技术人才培养模式.

Given the large quantity discharge of nutrients in sewage, nitrogen and phosphorus is getting a worldwide concern. This manuscript assigned two different aeration modes of intermittent aeration/anoxia aeration and continuous aeration to study dissolved oxygen (DO) affecting contaminant removal, AGS granulation and microbial community diversity. The results demonstrated that intermittent aeration contributed to higher removal efficiencies of organics, nitrogen and phosphorus and faster granulation process, larger particle size, and more microbial communities than continuous aeration. The temporal lack of DO for intermittent aeration module did not only save approximately 40% energy but also change microbial communities. The intermittent aeration had no growth of filamentous bacteria and more microbial communities consist of Paracoccus, Delftia, Flavobacterium, Brevundimonas, Roseobacter_clade_CHAB-I-5_lineage, which accelerated AGS granulation, and Nitrosopumilus, Nitrospina, Facultative anaerobes, Pelagibacter and UKL 13-1 bacteria, which played crucial roles in N and P removal.

由于缺乏碳源,低C/N比废水中氮磷无法被有效去除.因此,本研究将空心菜作为功能性植物,以提高C/N比来提高氮磷去除效果.在3种不同的C/N比(3‥1、3.5‥1、4‥1)和2种NH4+/NO3-比(2‥1和1‥2)下,研究根系DOC释放情况与氮磷去除规律.结果表明,根系DOC浓度、氮磷净化效果随C/N比增大而增大,NH4+/NO3-为2‥1大于NH4+/NO3-为1‥2;在C/N比为4‥1且NH4+/NO3-比为2‥1时的根系DOC浓度及氮磷去除最大,第8 d,根系DOC浓度为11.79 mg/L,氮磷去除率分别为74.1％,88.3％,出水浓度为5.18 mg/L、0.009 mg/L.根系DOC与氮磷净化效果呈显著正相关,根系DOC分泌浓度越大,氮磷去除效果越好.研究表明,空心菜能有效净化低C/N比污水,使出水水质满足城市污水再生利用-城市杂用水水质标准(GB/T 18920-2002).

For four types of molecular Schiff inhibitors, the relationships between their corrosion inhibition efficiencies (IE) and some specific molecular property-related parameters, are investigated by using three different theoretical ab initio methods: Hartree-Fock (HF), Moller-Plesset perturbation theory on the 2nd order (MP2), and density functional theory (DFT). The parameters calculated include the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (E-HOMO), the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (E-L(UMO)), the energy difference between E-HOMO and E-LUMO (Delta E), the dipole moment (mu), the electronegativity value (x), the global hardness (eta), the softness (sigma), the fraction of transferred electrons between the molecular inhibitor and Fe (Delta N), and Mulliken atomic charges (Q). By using linear regression analysis, the relationships between IE and each of these parameters are carefully studied with the purpose to find the most effective parameters for the best inhibition efficiency. As a result, the comparison between the three different theoretical methods shows that the Hartree Fock (HF) method, with the 6-31++G(d, p) basis set, gives the most accurate results. In addition, the corrosion inhibition performances of all four molecular Schiff inhibitors show a linear relationship with the E-HOMO, E-LUMO, Delta E, mu,x, eta,sigma and Delta N parameters. In conclusion, this work provides a theoretical method by which it is possible to predict the corrosion inhibition performance of molecules with geometrical structures like the Schiff inhibitors.