为了探索低污染水的资源化处理途径,本文开展了植物净化槽和净化槽处理低污染水的效果研究,并分析了植物净化槽的污染物去除途径及根系微生物群落.结果表明,植物净化槽对污染物的去除效果明显高于净化槽,经植物净化槽处理后,低污染水的化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH4+-N)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)的浓度分别降至 17、0、1.43和0.13 mg/L,达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)Ⅲ类标准.植物净化槽根系优势微生物为Rhodo-cyclaceae、Comamonadaceae、Burkholderiales、Methylophilaceae、Cellvibrio、Zoogloea 和Pseudomonas,其中Comamonadaceae 和 Methylophilaceae 主要去除含氮物质,Rhodocyclace-ae和Pseudomonas主要去除含磷物质.植物、填料及土壤皆对污染物去除产生作用.含氮化合物依靠沸石吸附、植物吸收和土壤蓄积在间隙水中去除;含磷物质主要依靠与土壤中金属离子结合生成难溶物质或置换而除去,植物与微生物协同利用有机磷;COD的去除主要依靠植物及根系微生物.

磷是导致水体富营养化的主要污染物之一,污水中排放的磷是水体磷的主要来源之一.化学除磷成本相对较高,除磷填料已成为强化污水除磷的重要手段.本文分析了不同无机除磷填料的物理特性,研究了烧结法、免烧法、改性法等填料制备方法的使用条件,探讨了影响无机除磷填料效果的因素,综述了其在污水处理工艺中的应用,以推进无机除磷填料的发展,提高污水处理水平.

研究了不同进水温度下,超疏水膜装置处理榨菜综合废水的污染物去除性能和膜通量变化情况.结果表明,进水温度对超疏水膜装置处理榨菜综合废水污染物去除效果影响不明显,膜通量和接触角随进水温度的增加而增加.综合考虑污染物去除效果及膜通量,进水温度不低于60℃时超疏水膜装置处理榨菜废水效果较佳.

Humidification and dehumidification technology is an emerging technology in the fields of wastewater concentration and seawater desalination. This technology provides a new treatment idea for water treatment. The basic principles of humidification and dehumidification and the operation modes of humidification and dehumidification systems under different classifications were described, and the humidifier, dehumidifier, and the factors affecting the increase in fresh water production in the overall structure for the water production effect of the humidification and dehumidification system, and the humidification and dehumidification technology the application situation in water treatment were introduced, and finally the suggestions for improvement in the selection of humidifiers and humidification fillers were put forward.

To solve the problem that it takes a long time to cultivate granular sludge under single load or gradually increasing load and the removal of pollutants is unstable. An alternative change of influent carbon-nitrogen loading was proposed to study the formation process of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) and the removal effect of pollutants. Cultivated AGS by influent—aeration—sedimentation—drainage (S1) and influent— aeration—anoxia—aeration—anoxia—aeration—sedimentation—drainage (S2), and the morphological changes, sedimentation performance and pollutant removal situation during the formation of granular sludge were compared and analyzed. Results showed that the average particle size of the reactor (S1) was 0.5 mm on Day 84 and the reactor (S2) on Day 78. At the Day 115, the average particle size of the sludge in two reactors was 0.85 mm and 0.97 mm.S1 and S2 mass concentration of the MLSS is 4.940, 5.895 g/L and SVI in the reactor is 80, 46 mL/g, mature AGS was more conducive to the growth of microorganisms, maintained higher biomass and sedimentation performance.The removal effect of COD and NH4+–N under two operating modes changed slightly, and the removal effect of TN and PO43––P was significantly different. The removal rates of COD, NH4+–N, TN, and PO43––P in S1 operation mode were 90.0%, 99.7%, 74.5% and 85.0% spectively, while were 94.0%, 99.9%, 94.35%, 95.0%, respectively, in S2, and 4.0%, 0.2%, 19.9% and 10.0% higher than that in S1. The aerobic granular sludge with larger particle size and better pollutant removal performance Could be cultivated in reactor (S2) with intermittent aeration.

Given the large quantity discharge of nutrients in sewage, nitrogen and phosphorus is getting a worldwide concern. This manuscript assigned two different aeration modes of intermittent aeration/anoxia aeration and continuous aeration to study dissolved oxygen (DO) affecting contaminant removal, AGS granulation and microbial community diversity. The results demonstrated that intermittent aeration contributed to higher removal efficiencies of organics, nitrogen and phosphorus and faster granulation process, larger particle size, and more microbial communities than continuous aeration. The temporal lack of DO for intermittent aeration module did not only save approximately 40% energy but also change microbial communities. The intermittent aeration had no growth of filamentous bacteria and more microbial communities consist of Paracoccus, Delftia, Flavobacterium, Brevundimonas, Roseobacter_clade_CHAB-I-5_lineage, which accelerated AGS granulation, and Nitrosopumilus, Nitrospina, Facultative anaerobes, Pelagibacter and UKL 13-1 bacteria, which played crucial roles in N and P removal.

通过实地采集水样,测定榨菜腌制废水和废水处理厂进口处及调节池水质,分析榨菜废水的水质特性.水样测定结果表明:腌制废水是高有机物、高氮磷、高盐度的酸性废水,其化学需氧量在41 000～90 400 mg/L,氨氮含量为720～920 mg/L,总氮含量为2 800～3 000 mg/L,总磷含量为380～400 mg/L,盐度为9％～12％,pH为3.8～4.6;榨菜废水处理厂进水口的水质波动范围大且呈酸性,其化学需氧量在7 000～52 300 mg/L,氨氮含量为180～510 mg/L,总氮含量为210～1 380 mg/L,总磷含量为30～220 mg/L,盐度为1.4％～5.8％,pH为3.8～5.7;调节池中的综合废水仍呈酸性,污染物含量较高,其化学需氧量在4 600～5 000 mg/L,氨氮含量为200～270 mg/L,总氮含量为260～340 mg/L,总磷含量为40～60 mg/L,盐度为1.2％～1.6％,pH为5.7～6.2.榨菜生产过程中产生的废水盐度高、污染物含量高、排放不连续、处理成本高.建议从资源回收利用和实现达标排放两个方面考虑,加强对榨菜废水的管理.