为有效指导煤矿安全、高效开采,建立了矿井开采区块综合判识研究方法.以淮南煤田口孜东矿13-1煤层为例,选取构造、水害与瓦斯灾害作为一级评价指标,基于GI S平台分别建立了矿井地质构造复杂程度灰色模糊模型、顶板突水脆弱性指数模型、瓦斯突出变权TOPSIS模型及其相应数据库.以上述综合评价模型为基础,采用GI S重分类与图形层次叠加功能,将13-1煤层划分为了不利、威胁、可改造、较有利与有利开采区5个等级,其判识结果可为矿井煤炭开采规划与防灾减灾工作提供科学依据.

In order to realize quantitative evaluation and estimation of the complexity of a coal mine structure, we take coal seam 13-1 in the Kouzidong mine as an example, and on the basis of making full use of the information on the actually disclosed part of the mine, make statistics of four structural evaluation indexes, i. e., fault fractal dimension, fault strength,fold fractal dimension and coefficient of variation of coal seam dip angle, to generate corresponding special grid diagrams.The weight coefficient of each index is calculated by using GIS raster data processing function combined with grey-fuzzy evaluation method. By determining the membership function, clustering analysis and membership calculation, a zoning map of evaluation is obtained for the complexity of the structures in the study area. The results show that the structurally complex areas of the mine are mainly located near large and medium geological structures, which is not conducive to the well pattern arrangement, the roadway support and the use of large equipment. Secondary disasters should be prevented in the coal mining process in the structurally less complex areas, which are scattered beside medium-large geological structures. The structurally simple areas are widely distributed, with relatively undeveloped internal faults, and with stable stratum distribution, which is conducive to the layout of exploration well pattern and the use of large mechanical automation equipment.

文章采用激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子质谱仪(laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,LA-ICP-MS)方法对苏北盆地高邮凹陷新生代辉绿岩4个样品进行锆石U-Pb年代学研究,获得的岩浆结晶年龄分别为(45.3±1.3)、(59.8±1.7)、(40.5±0.7)、(44.8±1.1) Ma,指示其形成时代为古新世和始新世,表明苏北盆地岩浆活动具有多期性的特点.苏北盆地在新生代时期的发育过程受郯庐断裂带及太平洋板块俯冲后撤的影响,总体上处于太平洋板块俯冲后撤形成的弧后拉张环境,其中早期岩浆活动明显受郯庐断裂带伸展活动的控制.锆石UPb年代学特征显示,在吴堡期2套辉绿岩就已经开始上升侵位,而并非是相关文献中的三垛期.此次工作获得的锆石年龄多集中于40.5～45.3 Ma,而其北西侧的渤海湾盆地新生代锆石年龄多集中于60～50 Ma,造成该现象的原因可能是太平洋板块俯冲后撤引起的弧后伸展区域变迁.

吐拉盆地是青藏高原北缘的中、新生代陆相沉积盆地,其沉积物中的碎屑锆石年龄记录了重要的区域地质演化信息.本文以盆地西部吐拉牧场凹陷内原犬牙沟组砂岩为研究对象,应用LA-ICP-MS单颗粒锆石U-Pb定年法对7个样品中的650颗锆石进行了U-Pb同位素年代学分析,探讨了砂岩样品的成岩年龄、物源区特征、阿尔金断裂新生代大规模走滑等地质信息.分析结果显示,两个凝灰质砂岩样品中含有新生代岩浆锆石年龄信息,指示其沉积年龄应为66～51 Ma,因而地层应归属古近系,并非前人厘定的下白垩统犬牙沟组.砂岩中碎屑锆石年龄指示其沉积源区具有典型的劳亚大陆属性,并记录了罗迪尼亚大陆聚合与裂解、泛非造山、加里东造山及印支造山等全球关键构造事件年代学信息.物源分析显示其沉积物源应为南祁连及柴北缘块体,并非前人认为的阿尔金块体,其原始沉积位置相当于现今阿尔金断裂南缘冷湖以西一带.本次工作证实,吐拉盆地中生代时期原属柴达木盆地的一部分,在新生代阿尔金断裂大规模走滑作用下被拖拽分离至现今位置.区域构造分析表明,作为印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞的远程效应,阿尔金断裂左行走滑活动的开始时间应在51 Ma之后,滞后于板缘碰撞约4 Ma,两个阶段的总走滑位移量大于500 km.