Objective: To evaluate the associations of sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle factors with longevity status in older adults in China. Methods: After excluding those born after 31st December 1938, a total of 51 870 older adults from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) were included. The attained age was defined according to the survival age or age on 31st December 2018. According to the attained age, the old persons were categorized into non-longevity (died before age 80 years) and longevity (attained age ≥80 years). The longevity group was further divided into two groups: longevity with death occurring before 2019, and longevity and survival to 2019. The information about socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyles was collected at the 2004-2008 baseline survey. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations between exposure factors and outcomes by taking the non-longevity group as the reference group. Results: A total of 51 870 older adults aged 65-79 years in the baseline survey were included for analysis. During a follow-up for (10.2±3.5) years, 38 841 participants were longevity, and 30 354 participants still survived at the end of 2018. Compared to men, rural populations, non-married individuals, those with an annual household income of less than 10 000 yuan, and those with education levels of primary school or below, the adjusted ORs(95%CI) for longevity and survival to 2019 in women, urban residents, married individuals, those with annual household incomes ≥20 000 yuan, and those with education levels of college or university were 1.68 (1.58-1.78), 1.69 (1.61-1.78), 1.15 (1.10-1.21), 1.44 (1.36-1.53), and 1.32 (1.19-1.48), respectively. The OR (95%CI) for longevity and survival to 2019 was 1.09 (1.08-1.10) for those with an increase of 4 MET-hour/day in total physical activity level. With those who never or almost never smoked, had no alcohol drinking every week, had normal weight (BMI: 18.5-23.9 kg/m2), and WC <85 cm (man)/<80 cm (woman) as the reference groups, the ORs(95%CI) of longevity and survival to 2019 were 0.64 (0.60-0.69) for those smoking ≥20 cigarettes per day, 1.29 (1.14-1.46) for those with alcohol drinking every week, 1.13 (1.01-1.26) for those with pure alcohol drinking <30 g per day, 0.56 (0.52-0.61) for those being underweight, 1.27 (1.19-1.36) for those being overweight, 1.23 (1.11-1.36) for those with obesity, and 0.86 (0.79-0.93) for those with central obesity. Further stratified analysis by WC was performed. In the older adults with WC <85 cm (man)/<80 cm (woman), the ORs (95%CI) of longevity and survival was 1.80 (1.69-1.92) for those with each 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI and 1.02 (0.96-1.08) for those with WC ≥85 cm (man)/≥80 cm (woman). There was a statistically significant difference in the association between BMI and longevity between the two WC groups (interaction test P<0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that women, the married, those with higher socioeconomic status and education level, and those with healthy lifestyles were more likely to achieve longevity.

目的 了解2008-2018年北京市城区某体检人群主要食物摄入的长期变化趋势,为制定慢性病防控和健康促进策略提供科学依据.方法 选取2008-2018年于北京美兆健康体检中心进行体检的北京城区居民为调查对象,共纳入232 702人次,对其进行食物频率问卷调查,内容包括过去1个月内的谷薯类、蛋类、禽畜肉、水产品、水果、蔬菜、豆类和奶类等食物摄入频率.采用SAS 9.4软件计算2008-2018年北京市城区居民的食物摄入量和膳食指南推荐量符合率,根据2010年全国人口普查数据中北京市20岁及以上城镇居民的性别、年龄构成进行标准化,并采用R 3.6.1进行Meta回归探索其长期变化趋势.结果 北京市城区居民谷薯类摄入总量由2008年的210.9 g下降至2018年的199.8 g,膳食指南推荐量不足率由2008年的62.7％上升至2018年的72.2％,膳食指南推荐量超标率由2008年的1.5％下降至2018年的0.3％,趋势变化均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).蛋类摄入量由24.8 g上升至31.7 g,摄入不足率由79.3％下降至62.9％,超标率由1.1％上升至2.5％,趋势变化均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).2008-2018年北京市城区居民水产品和豆类食物摄入量呈下降趋势,不足率呈上升趋势,均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);禽畜肉和水果摄入量呈上升趋势,均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),但摄入符合率变化趋势均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 2008-2018年,虽然北京市城区居民蛋类等食物的符合率有所改善,但薯类、水果、水产品、豆类等摄入不足的问题仍然普遍存在,还应采取相应干预措施以缩小各类食物摄入量与膳食指南推荐摄入量的差距.

目的 描述2008-2018年北京市城区年龄≥20岁体检人群不健康饮食的长期变化趋势,为人群膳食干预提供证据.方法 以2008-2018年在北京美兆健康体检中心进行体检的人群为研究对象,采用半定量食物频率问卷进行膳食调查,获得北京市城市居民部分不健康饮食信息,包括含糖饮料、油炸类、腌制类食物、方便面及酱油等含盐佐料的日均摄入量,采取Meta回归分析描述其时间变化趋势.结果 共纳入232 702人次,经性别和年龄标化后,2008-2018年北京城市居民油炸类食物的日均摄入量呈上升趋势,上升幅度为0.23 g/年(P＜0.001);方便面的日均摄入量呈下降趋势,下降幅度为0.26 g/年(P＜0.001);含糖饮料和腌制食物摄入量有下降趋势(均有P＜0.05),酱油等含盐佐料变化无统计学意义(P=0.073),除腌制类食物上述趋势在男女性中均表现为低年龄组变化趋势更明显(均有P＜0.05).结论 2008-2018年,北京城市居民不健康饮食摄入存在长期变化趋势,且以年轻人变化更为明显,提示了人群膳食干预的重点.

目的 描述2008-2018年北京某机构20岁及以上体检人群饮酒行为特征变化趋势.方法 通过自填式半定量问卷获得研究对象饮酒行为信息,估计研究对象的饮酒行为特征,并采取2010年北京市人口普查数据作为标准人口,对均值和率进行加权处理.结果 2008 一2018年该健康体检人群的男、女性饮酒率均呈下降趋势,其中男性标化饮酒率下降达15.00％,女性标化饮酒率下降约2.00％.男性戒酒率呈下降趋势,10年下降1个百分点.在饮酒者中,男、女性人均每日酒精消费量呈下降趋势,10年来,男性人均每日酒精消费量下降3.21 g,女性下降1.45 g;过量饮酒率和暴饮率仅在女性中呈下降趋势,分别下降3.04％和4.53％.结论 2008 一2018年北京市健康体检人群的饮酒率、饮酒者人均每日酒精消费量呈下降趋势,女性过量饮酒率和暴饮率呈下降趋势.