Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm was established on PU and PVC's surface by Center of Disease Control (CDC) Biofilm Reactor, to evaluate the effectiveness of Slightly Acidic Hypochlorous water (SAHW) for removing Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm on Polyurethane (PU) or Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), which are commonly used in dental unit waterlines (DUWL). The biofilms were treated with 10 mg/L SAHW, 40 mg/L SAHW and sterile distilled water (control group) by the continuous immersion method for 3, 7, and 10 days. The total viable count (TVC) and Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were selected to evaluate the biofilm removal effect and calculate the biofilm reduction rate. The results of TVC showed that 99%-100% biofilm reduction could be achieved in 10 mg/L SAHW group and 40 mg/L SAHW group. The results of CLSM showed that 10 mg/L SAHW group and 40 mg/L SAHW group could reach 89%-100% biofilm reduction after 10 days of treatment.

EFV是我国艾滋病抗病毒治疗的首选一线药物,临床上常与替诺福韦、拉米夫定联合使用,国内EFV临床常用剂量为600 mg/d,EFV具有很好的抗HIV作用,由于EFV严重的中枢神经系统毒性,国内外对更低剂量的EFV进行了大量的对比研究,WHO及美国抗艾滋病指南已将EFV作为备选一线药物,且推荐了 EFV 400 mg的使用方案.本文从国内外EFV使用历史、EFV剂量调整原因、血药浓度、药效、与CYP450同工酶药物联用、不良反应、基因敏感性多态性方面,阐述EFV 400 mg剂量保持疗效和降低不良反应的依据,从而为我国进行EFV剂量调整提供参考.

次氯酸是一种弱酸性强氧化剂,它是人免疫系统发挥杀菌作用最重要的组成部分〔1〕. 次氯酸可在活跃的中性粒细胞中合成,在中性粒细胞发挥吞噬、降解微生物的功能中起着非常重要的作用〔2〕.由于次氯酸有良好的杀菌作用,已被作为抗微生物剂应用于消毒和治疗等领域〔3,4〕,其中在医疗领域可用于物体表面消毒〔5〕、皮肤消毒〔6〕、鼻窦炎的治疗〔7〕等方面.