Objective:To investigate the effects of alkannin on the apoptosis and phosphoinositide 3-kinase（PI3K）/protein kinase B（Akt） signaling pathway in malignant breast cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7.Methods:MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells were cultured in the complete media containing different concentrations of alkannin（0,0.2,0.4,0.8,and 1.0 mg/mL）.The cell viability, apoptosis, and PI3K/Akt expression were determined by CCK-8 assay, Annexin V-FTIC/PI staining-flow cytometry, and western blotting, respectively.Results:Compared with the blank control group（0 mg/mL）,alkannin at a concentration of 0.8 mg/mL and higher significantly inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, and that of 1.0 mg/L demonstrated the best performance.The apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells increased with the rise in alkannin concentration（P＜0.05）.Compared with the blank control group, alkannin down-regulated the expression of PI3K in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells（P＜0.05）.Conclusion:Alkannin may exert the anti-tumor effects on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

目的 通过动物体内实验探讨托里透脓汤对肉芽肿小叶性乳腺炎caspase-1/GSDMD信号通路的影响与机制.方法 雌性有孕产史SD大鼠20只,使用人肉芽肿小叶性乳腺炎组织匀浆注射法诱导肉芽肿小叶性乳腺炎模型,分组为空白组、模型组、西药组(糖皮质激素组)、托里透脓汤组,其中西药组给药剂量为10 mg/(kg·d),托里透脓汤组给药剂量为20 mg/d,连续给药4周后取材,酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,Elisa)法检测血清白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-18浓度,蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot,WB)检测大鼠乳腺组织半胱胺蛋白酶-1(caspase-1)、消皮素-D(gasdermin-D,GSDMD)、IL-1β、IL-18表达水平,HE染色评估乳腺组织情况,免疫组化法测定乳腺组织雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)、孕激素受体(progesterone receptor,PR)水平.结果 与模型组相比,西药组及托里透脓汤组的血清IL-18、组织活化的caspase-1、GSDMD-n、活化的IL-1β均表达降低(P<0.05),免疫组化显示托里透脓汤组的ER、PR表达均增高(P<0.05),HE染色可见西药组可见乳腺小叶结构存在,炎细胞浸润不明显;托里透脓汤组可见脓肿边界清晰,脓肿内主要成分为多核巨细胞,脓肿外较模型组炎症细胞浸润较少.结论 托里透脓汤对肉芽肿小叶性乳腺炎具有治疗作用,其作用机制可能与类雌激素作用与抗细胞焦亡作用有关.

A 19-year-old female patient received risperidone 3 mg twice daily for schizophrenia. She did not have nipple discharge before taking the drug. After taking the drug, nipple discharge occurred intermittently. One year later, a mass with pain in the right breast was found, which could not be alleviated after treatments with Rupi Sanjie capsules (乳癖散结胶囊), cefdinir, ibuprofen, rifampicin, and isoniazid and continued to increase, accompanied by bilateral knee pain, nodular erythema and tenderness of lower limbs. Laboratory tests showed white blood cell count 18.4×10 9/L and serum prolactin 37.42 μg/L. Ultrasonography of the right breast showed a 13.2 cm×11.0 cm×3.0 cm area low echo with unclear boundary, local fluidity, and abundant blood flow signals around. Granulomatous lobular mastitis of right breast (abscess stage) and hyperprolactiemia was diagnosed. After excluding physiological and pathological reasons, it was considered that risperidone caused hyperprolactinemia, which then induced granulomatous mastitis. However, risperidone could not be stopped without the guidance of a specialist, so only abscess incision, drainage, debridement, anti-infection, and anti-inflammatory were given. Purulent secretions gradually decreased, pain alleviated, and erythema of lower limbs partially subsided. Then risperidone dose was adjusted to 2 mg twice daily under the guidance of her psychiatrist. The serum prolactin level decreased (28.36 μg/L). At 1 year of follow-up, granulomatous mastitis did not recur.

Objective Postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction is a common and important complication of surgery. This study aimed to explore the key pharmacological mechanisms of Tongfu decoction in treating postoperative ileus (POI). Methods The active ingredients of Tongfu decoction and their targets were screened using the TCMSP database and STITCH and SwissTargetPrediction databases, respectively. The GeneCards and DisGeNET databases were used to obtain POI dysfunction-related therapeutic targets. After screening, a drug-active-ingredient-therapeutic target network was constructed and the key target functional enrichment analysis was carried out. The Sprague–Dawley rats with POI were used for in vivo experimental verification. The serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, and MCP-1 were measured after surgery using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Western blot analysis was used to determine the expression of key proteins of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in colon tissues. Results An interaction network was constructed containing 7 Chinese medicine components, 36 compounds, and 85 target proteins. The functional enrichment analysis showed that the target proteins mainly acted on the POI through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. In in vivo experiments, Tongfu decoction had a promoting effect on the serum level of IL-10, an inhibitory effect on the serum levels of IL-1β and CCL2, and an inhibitory effect on the local expression of PI3K, pAkt, and mTOR in colon tissue. In addition, the Tongfu decoction increased the intestinal ink advancing rate. Conclusion Nonoral Tongfu decoction can also be used to treat POI; its mechanism is affected by IL-10 and IL-1β.The inhibition of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway affected the treatment with Tongfu decoction by inducing an immune-inflammatory storm in POI.

目的 探讨槐耳颗粒对三阴性乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞磷脂酰肌醇3-蛋白激酶B-哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白信号通路表达的影响.方法 将三阴性乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞用含不同浓度的槐耳颗粒的DMEM高糖培养基(分组为0、2、4、8 mg/mL)进行培养,采用细胞计数试剂法检测24小时、48小时、72小时的细胞活性,原位末端转移酶标记技术法细胞爬片染色检测干预48小时后的细胞凋亡情况,蛋白免疫印迹法测定细胞内磷脂酰肌醇3、蛋白激酶B、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白表达情况.结果 (1)与空白对照组(0 mg/mL)相比,槐耳颗粒(2、4、8 mg/mL)组的MDA-MB-231 细胞均出现活力下降,且呈时间及浓度依赖性,具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);(2)与空白对照组相比,槐耳颗粒组的MDA-MB-231细胞凋亡增高,呈浓度依赖,且具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);(3)与空白对照组相比,经槐耳颗粒处理的MDA-MB-231细胞磷脂酰肌醇3、蛋白激酶B、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白的表达均出现不同程度下降,具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 槐耳颗粒具有针对三阴性乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞的抗肿瘤作用,且具浓度及时间依赖性,其机制可能与对磷脂酰肌醇3-蛋白激酶B-哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白信号通路的抑制有关.

目的:以HE染色及免疫组织化学为途径探讨肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎的临床病理特征,并为手术术式选择提供合理依据.方法:对北京中医药大学东直门医院病理诊断为肉芽肿性小叶性乳腺炎患者的病灶及阴性切缘行HE染色及天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶-1(caspase-1)/消皮素-D(gasdermin D,GSDMD)/雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)/孕激素受体(progesterone receptor,PR)免疫组织化学染色,并分析患者的临床资料.结果:40例经乳腺导管探查+乳房再造+乳头乳晕成形术患者均治愈,至2020年11月无同侧复发;6例免疫组织化学可见阴性切缘组织的caspase-1、GSDMD、PR表达均低于病灶组,组间对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:肉芽肿小叶性乳腺炎的组织病理学独特,其诊断仍旧依靠病理诊断,经免疫组织化学分析乳腺终末导管外组织病变可能为乳腺导管诱发的继发改变,故肉芽肿小叶性乳腺炎根治手术的术式应包含针对乳腺小叶导管的探查,以避免疾病的反复发作.

ObjectiveIn this study, an animal model of granulomatous lobular mastitis was constructed using human granulomatous lobular mastitis specimen homogenates and a suspension of complete Freund's adjuvant.MethodsTwenty-five rats with a history of maternity were randomly divided into five groups with five rats each: a blank control group, Freund's adjuvant group, normal mammary homogenate group, low-dose lesion homogenate group, and high-dose lesion homogenate group. In the lesion homogenization groups, rats were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant homogenate prepared from granulomatous mastitis patient tissues, and the third and fourth pair of mammary gland injections were administered to the rats at 0.2 mL in the high-dose group and 0.1 mL in the low-dose group. The normal mammary gland homogenate group was injected with normal mammary gland tissue homogenate from patients with granulomatous mastitis. The blank control group was injected with saline. The Freund's adjuvant group was injected with complete Freund's adjuvant. The histomorphological and pathophysiological characteristics of the mammary tissues were observed for 14 days after the completion of modeling, and the effects of the granulomatous lobular mastitis model were compared.ResultsThe morphological changes and physiopathological characteristics of granulomatous lobular mastitis in the high- and low-dose groups were significantly different when compared with the blank control, Freund's adjuvant, and normal breast homogenate groups (P < 0.001).ConclusionHuman granulomatous lobular mastitis specimen homogenates and suspensions of complete Freund's adjuvant for granulomatous lobular mastitis can successfully establish an animal model of the disease and lead to insights and new ideas for the etiology of the disease.

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the external application of internal expulsion pus-expelling decoction (IEPED) combined with surgery in the treatment of granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM). METHODS A total of 110 patients in our hospital with sepsis GLM were randomly divided into two groups: treatment group (n=60, the wound was treated with IEPED) and control group (n=50, the wound was not treated with IEPED). We assessed the recurrence, contra lateral breast form, and aesthetic evaluation of the patients in the two groups. RESULTS The total effective rates in the patients in the treatment group and the control group were 90% and 68%, respectively, after the preoperative pretreatment and before radical surgery (P<0.05). After 10 days of receiving the debridement treatment, the two groups were compared in term of physical signs scores and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Within one year of the regular follow-up after treatment, 0 case recurred in the treatment group and 1 case recurred in the control group (P>0.05). In the treatment group, 30 cases showed excellent results in the aesthetic evaluation of breast appearance, 18 cases were good, and the overall excellent and good rate was up to 80%. In the control group, 12 cases showed excellent results and 16 cases showed good results, with the overall excellent and good rate reaching 56% (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS In patients with abscess debridement of GLM, the external application of IEPED can significantly reduce the primary lesion of patients with abscess GLM, reduce the surgical resection area, and maximize the preservation of the patients' breast appearance.