The utilization of green deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for extracting active ingredients from natural medicine has been established to be environmentally benign and economically favorable. Nevertheless, hitherto, the extraction of phenylpropanoids through deep eutectic solvents-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction approach (DESs-UAE) has scarcely been recorded. In this study, the DESs-UAE was utilized for the first time to extract phenylpropanoids from Acorus gramineus (AG). Following the preparation of 14 distinct types of DESs, the betaine (Bet)lactic acid (LaA) system demonstrated superior extraction performance, significantly outperforming conventional solvents such as 95 % ethanol and water. The phenylpropanoid compounds extracted by Bet-LaA (DES-14) were 4.9 and 8.2 times higher than those extracted by 95 % ethanol and water, respectively, highlighting a significant difference. The following conditions were identified as the optimal parameters for DESs-UAE through single-factor investigations and Box-Behnken design (BBD) studies, resulting in maximum yields of 4.87 mg/g alpha-Asarone and 20.19 mg/g beta-Asarone: a Bet-LaA ratio of 1:3 (M/M), 21 % water content, a liquid-solid ratio of 21 mL/g, and ultrasonic power of 320 W for 30 min at 40 degrees C. The extraction mechanism was probed via SEM and FT-IR. The NAK-9 macroporous resin and DES-14 were ascertained to possess considerable potential and outstanding sustainability for the extraction, enrichment, and recovery of phenylpropanoids during the recycling test, respectively. In the anti-glioma activity study, the extract of DES-14 exhibited remarkable inhibitory potency and has the potential to exert its influence by targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Electrochemical C-H mono/multi-bromination regulation of N-sulfonylanilines on the cost-effective CF electrode is described. This reaction proceeds smoothly under mild conditions with a broad substrate scope, affording diverse mono/multi-brominated anilines in moderate to good yields. Mechanism study reveals that this transformation involves anodic oxidation, aromatic electrophilic substitution, and deprotonation. Preliminary electroactive molecule screening results in its prospective application in electroactive MBs for electrochemical biosensors.

医学院校"新医科"的教学是我校现阶段人才培养的核心环节.《无机化学》作为我校一年级新生第一门接触的专业基础课,推进"以学生为中心"的教学理念势在必行.本课程基于传统教学中存在的不足,为积极推进培养新医科人才进行课程改革与创新,分别从教学内容针对性调整,BOPPPS线上线下混合教学模式的引入,问题导入法、案例教学法、任务驱动法等多元式混合教学方法的实施,课程思政的有机融入及考核评价方式的多元化等对本课程进行全方位改革与创新,以引导和激励学生积极主动完成各知识点的学习,有效落实立德树人的根本任务.

China has the world's largest reserves of rare earth elements (REEs), but widespread mining and application of REEs has led to an increased risk of potential pollution. Yttrium (Y), the first heavy REEs to be discovered, poses a substantial threat to human health. Unfortunately, little attention has been given to the impact of Y on human reproductive health. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of YCl3 on mouse testes and four types of testicular cells, including Sertoli, Leydig, spermatogonial and spermatocyte cells. The results showed that YCl3 exposure causes substantial damage to mouse testes and induces apoptosis and autophagy, but not pyroptosis or necrosis, in testicular cells. Genome-wide gene expression analysis revealed that YCl3 induced significant changes in gene expression, with Ca2+ and mitochondria-related genes being the most significantly altered. Mechanistically, YCl3 exposure induced mitochondrial dysfunction in testicular cells, triggering the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by impairing the Nrf2 pathway, regulating downstream Ho-1 target protein expression, and increasing Ca2+ levels to activate the CamkII/Ampk signaling pathway. Blocking ROS production or Ca2+ signaling significantly attenuates apoptosis and autophagy, while supplementation with Ca2+ reverses the suppression of apoptosis and autophagy by ROS blockade in testicular cells. Notably, apoptosis and autophagy induced by YCl3 treatment are independent of each other. Thus, our study suggests that YCl3 may impair the antioxidant stress signaling pathway and activate the calcium pathway through the ROS-Ca2+ axis, which promotes testicular cell apoptosis and autophagy independently, thus inducing testicular damage and impairing male reproductive function.

IntroductionEnvironmental pollutants, such as rare earth elements, affect human health and particularly induce reproductive system injury. Yttrium (Y), one of the most widely used heavy rare earth elements, has been reported the cytotoxicity. However, the biological effects of Y3+ in the human body are largely unknown.MethodsTo further investigate the effects of Y on the reproductive system, in vivo (rat models) and in vitro studies were performed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination were conducted, and western blotting assays were performed to detect the protein expression. TUNEL/DAPI staining were used to detect cell apoptosis, and the intracellular calcium concentrations were also determined.ResultsLong-term exposure to YCl3 in rats produced significant pathological changes. YCl3 treatment could induce cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. In addition, YCl3 enhanced the concentration of cytosolic Ca2+ and up regulated the expression of IP3R1/CaMKII axis in Leydig cells. However, inhibition of IP3R1 and CaMKII with 2-APB and KN93, respectively, could reverse these effects.ConclusionLong-term exposure to yttrium could induce testicular injury by stimulating cell apoptosis, which might be associated with activation of Ca2+/IP3R1/CaMKII axis in Leydig cells.

针对物理化学课程教学内容多、教学学时少和学生基础差异大等问题,结合教育部打造"金课"及"信息化教育"改革的相关精神,提出了一种基于OBE理念的"SPOC+BOPPPS"混合式教学模式.本文从物理化学课程教学内容的审视与个性化制定、教学过程的设计与实施和多元化评价机制的建立与实践等三个方面对该混合教学模式的实施进行了研究.从对教学效果的分析可得出,基于OBE理念的"SPOC+BOPPPS"混合式教学模式,可将教与学融为一体,有效提升教学质量,为相关课程教学提供参考.

Abstract In order to explore the feasibility of hot air splitting of Camellia oleifera fruit, the effect of hot air temperature on peel splitting, the moisture state and moisture migration in peel, the peel microstructure and the seed color were studied. The results showed that higher hot air temperature could accelerate the splitting rate, the optimum temperature for splitting C. oleifera fruit was 90–110 °C considering the seed quality. Page model was the most suitable for describing the drying kinetic characteristics of C. oleifera fruit. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) revealed the changing of the dehydration rate, the migration rate of bound water, immobilized water and free water in peel during hot air drying. The expansion of micro-channels in peel was conducive to moisture migration in the early splitting stage, but microstructure damaged in the late splitting stage accompanied by loose disorder of micro pores, serious shrinkage and deformation of peel.

稀土资源的不合理开采及在工农业生产中的广泛应用,导致大量稀土进入并富集在土壤环境中,对植物的生长产生了正面或负面的作用.植物是生态系统的重要组成部分,其生长条件的变化会直接或间接给人类带来难以预测的健康风险,因此稀土开采对植物生长的影响一直受到国内学者的广泛关注,目前虽已有诸多研究报道,但相关总结性综述较少.本文首先梳理了稀土在植物中的吸收、分布及累积特征,而后就稀土对植物的生物学性状、抗氧化系统、营养元素的吸收利用、细胞生长以及种群繁殖等方面的影响进行了归纳分析,以期为今后稀土的开采管理、植物的保护修复以及农作物的科学种植等工作提供一定理论依据.

Mitochondrion is a dynamic organelle that constantly fuses and divides. Under different physiological conditions,it is necessary to maintain the balance between fusion and division in mitochondrion for normal cellular physiology. Mitochondrial division is regulated by Drp1. In the development of pathology,mitochondria often present excessive division and induce fragmentation and dysfunction,leading to cell death. Therefore,targeted regulation of mitochondrial division factor Drp1 can be a therapeutic strategy to protect cells. However,different Drp1 isoforms have different expression patterns in different tissues and cells,which may be related to the tissue specificity of Drp1 isoforms. Different Drp1 isoforms have different effects on mitochondrial fission and cell death. This paper reviews above aspects.

随着稀土的广泛开采和应用,稀土大量进入环境和食物链中,人们或高或低浓度地接触稀土的机会越来越多,不断遭受着稀土体内蓄积所带来的健康问题.儿童是国家的希望、民族的未来,正处于生长发育的关键时期,稀土暴露对儿童健康的影响一直是国内外学者研究的焦点,但目前相关总结性综述较少.本文从稀土在儿童体内的蓄积分布及其暴露引起的健康效应两方面进行综述,以便为儿童早期预防、及早发现或临床治疗稀土相关疾病提供科学依据.

An alternative process of Pd-catalyzed C-4 selective coupling of 2,4-dichloropyridines with boronic esters was developed, which afforded 24 examples of C-4 coupled pyridines in moderate to good yields. After further arylation, 21 examples of C-2, C-4 diarylated pyridines with a significant photophysical property were obtained, which were applied as pyridine-based dyes into live-cell imaging with good biocompatibility and low toxicity.

针对现有油茶籽色选机无法识别碎籽的问题,提出一种基于卷积神经网络的油茶籽完整性识别算法.以油茶籽完整性识别为目标,构建油茶籽图像库;基于油茶籽完整性识别任务要求,通过对AlexNet网络进行优化得到适合油茶籽完整性识别的卷积神经网络模型,该网络具有4层卷积层、2层归一化层、3层池化层和1层全连接层.为了提高网络分类准确率和实时性,从网络结构简化和超参数优化两方面对卷积神经网络进行优化,最终网络结构(CO-Net)的分类准确率、训练收敛速度和泛化性能均得到了提高.实验结果表明,优化后的网络对油茶籽完整性识别准确率达98.05％,训练时间为0.58h,模型规模为1.65 MB,单幅油茶籽图像检测平均耗时13.91 ms,可以满足油茶籽在线实时分选的要求.

目的:合成具有新颖结构的阿那曲唑配合物,并对已合成配合物进行表征.方法:本研究首次以阿那曲唑作为配体与过渡金属盐MCl2(M=Zn、Cd、Mn),通过溶液法合成了结构新颖的阿那曲唑配合物.结果:通过X-射线单晶衍射对该配合物进行了结构测定,已成功合成出3个配合物,它们分子式均为[M(AN)4(N3)2].该配合物的中心金属原子(MⅡ),分别与来自2个叠氮根的氮原子和4个单齿的阿那曲唑氮原子配位,形成了1个轻微扭曲的八面体结构,然后通过氢键作用和分子间作用力形成了1个二维平面结构.结论:3个阿那曲唑配合物均为未报道过的结构新颖的配合物.

随着稀土的大规模开采、冶炼及广泛应用,人们在生产生活中能够接触到稀土的机会越来越多.稀土能够通过呼吸、食物链、血液和皮肤等途径进入人体并在相关器官蓄积,对机体可能产生近期和远期的损害作用.钇作为第一个被发现的重稀土元素,其对机体的损害作用一直是国内外学者研究的重点,但相关总结性综述较少.本文从人体、组织、细胞、DNA水平对稀土元素钇对机体的损害作用进行综述,以便为稀土元素钇的资源开发和安全应用提供科学依据.

随着全球稀土的不断开采研发和利用,稀土元素广泛应用于生产生活中的各个方面.环境中稀土含量不断增加,它能够通过呼吸,食物链和皮肤等途径进入体内并在相关器官蓄积.蓄积在体内的各种稀土可能对机体产生有利或者损害作用,这些作用及作用可能机制一直是相关研究的焦点.相对稀土对于生殖方面的研究在上世纪90代开始断断续续有国内外学者们提出,但目前还是缺少类似研究的总结与综述.本文就几种稀土元素(镧、钐、铈、钇)对生殖系统各方面的影响作一综述,以期给予相关疾病的防治提供一定理论依据.

输尿管支架在泌尿外科的临床应用已有数十年,在此过程中,输尿管支架的制作材料和外形设计均有不少的改良和优化.随着泌尿外科术式的微创化、手术条件的提升以及患者对生活质量要求的提高,输尿管支架在临床中的应用也发生了相应的变化.本文就输尿管支架管的适应症、使用方法、放置时间以及相关并发症防治等作一综述.

In order to find out an effective way for separating the seed and peel of camellia oleifera fruit, the physical characteristic of seed and peel was studied. A separating machine of the seed and peel was designed according to the principle of friction and air separation, and the separating experimental was carried out. Experiment results shows that compared with belt speed and airflow speed, belt inclination has more significant effect on separation of seed and peel. The optimum combination of separation of seed and peel are as follows: belt inclination angle is 22°, the belt speed is 0.7m/s, the airflow speed is 1m/s, and the separation rate of seed is more than 98% and the separation rate of peel is more than 93%.

文章从实验教学内容的优化与整合、实验教学方法的调整和优化考核评价体系等方面阐述了物理化学实验课程在培养药学专业学生的专业实验技能,提高学生的创新能力等方面的改革与实践.实验教学内容在原有验证性实验的基础上增加了综合性设计实验,同时结合论文式实验报告的撰写,提高了学生的创新能力及分析解决实际问题的能力;在考核评价体系中,引入问题式考核及论文式实验报告的撰写等评价,极大提高了高校开展实验教学的效率和价值.

精子DNA在起生精过程中发生细胞凋亡、受运输过程中氧自由基的影响、包装过程中染色质异常等均可诱导使DNA双链断裂导致DNA损伤.其损伤的机制主要为DNA双链发生变性或者裂解为单链.含有DNA损伤的精子可在某种程度上回避体内精子的优化选择机制而将生殖缺陷遗传给后代.精子DNA的损伤可能导致其后代出现胚胎期发育不良、先天畸形和早期流产等不良后果.为此精子DNA损伤因素的研究成了不少男科生殖专家研究的热点之一.导致精子DNA损伤的因素很多,现结合近几年国内外相关研究成果对其作一综述,为进一步研究精子DNA损害的发生原因以及男性不育的预防、治疗以及辅助生殖技术的选用提供依据.

Under visible light irradiation, a three-component reaction of potassium alkyltrifluoroborates, sulfur dioxide and alkynes with the assistance of photocatalysis and in the presence of copper(ii) triflate is described. This transformation affords (E)-vinyl sulfones efficiently with excellent regioselectivity and stereoselectivity under mild conditions.