Background Indirect pulp capping (IDPC) is a preferred treatment for pulp preservation in primary teeth. However, the survival rate of IDPC in primary teeth and impact factors is still equivocal. Aims To evaluate the survival rate of IDPC in primary teeth with a deep carious lesion approximating the pulp but without irreversible pulpitis or periapical disease. Methods The medical records of children who were diagnosed with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and received IDPC under dental general anaesthesia from January 2015 to December 2020 were screened and collected. The shared frailty model was used to explore potential factors affecting the success rate of IDPC in primary teeth. Results There were 352 children with S ECC and 1,197 teeth were included in the study. A total of 47 children had IDPC that failed in the follow-up period (67 teeth). The survival rates of the teeth treated with IDPC at 48 months was 82.3%. The risk of IDPC primary tooth treatment failure in mandibular teeth was 2.35 times that of maxillary teeth and risk of failure in lesions with mesial surface involvement was 2.76 times higher than those without mesial surface involvement. Conclusion In the present study, the overall survival rate of IDPC did not decrease remarkably with time, regardless of anterior or posterior teeth. The tooth arch position and whether the mesial surface was involved in the carious lesion were found to influence the outcome of IDPC.

Objective: The effect of miR-626 on the radiosensitivity to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was evaluated in this study. Materials and Methods: The level of miR-626 in OSCC patients was determined by analyzing the data of miRNA microarray GSE113956. miR-626 was overexpressed by miR-626 mimics and knockdown were performed by miR-626 inhibitor. The level of miR-626 was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and colony formation assays were used to detect the effect of miR-626 on the growth of OSCC cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of OSCC cells. Western blot and dual luciferase reporter assays were used to explore the underlying mechanism of miR-626 regulating the radiosensitivity to OSCC. The effect of miR-626 on the radiosensitivity to OSCC were examined in an in vivo xenograft model. Results: The serum miR-626 level of OSCC patients was significantly higher than that of healthy controls. miR-626 mimics significantly promoted the OSCC cell growth, but the miR-626 inhibitor significantly suppressed the OSCC cell growth. Radiation combined with the miR-626 inhibitor significantly suppressed the cell proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of SCC-4 and HSC4 cells. Moreover, miR-626 regulates the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling mediated by TRAF-interacting protein with forkhead-associated domain B. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-626 enhances the radiosensitivity to OSCC in nude mice. Conclusions: miR-626 inhibition enhanced the radiosensitivity to OSCC through the downregulation of NF-κB signaling.

Objective Dental avulsion in permanent teeth is considered as one of the most severe types of traumatic dental injuries.Few studies assess the knowledge on management of dental avulsion in un-dergraduate medical students,who would probably provide emergency treatment for patients.This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of medical students in China regarding dental avulsion,emergency procedures and awareness about prevention of such injuries.Methods A non-probability convenience sampling methodology was employed for sample selection.A specific questionnaire regarding knowledge,experiences and behaviors following dental avulsion was distributed to the first and fifth year students from Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center and Xi'an Medical University in May 2022.Chi-square test was used for data analysis,with a significance level set at P＜0.05.Results 1 095 undergraduate medical students(568 first year students,527 fifth year students)completed the questionnaire.The incidence of tooth avulsion reported by participants was 2.7％,59.3％of first year students and 66.2％of fifth year students chose the proper emergency management for avulsed tooth.29.3％of all students selected the appropriate transportation medium for avulsed tooth,with a higher accuracy among fifth year students.Less than 40％of students chose the correct replantation time and cleaning method.There were not statistically differences in accuracies for emergency management of avulsion,replantation time and rinsing method between two grades.Awareness rates of mouth guard and tooth replantation were low.More than 56.6％of the medical students claimed that they never received any knowledge about dental injuries.Conclusion The results suggest that knowledge of dental avulsion among medical students in China was insufficient.It is necessary to enhance dental trauma education for medical students.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to retrospectively describe the unplanned retreatment of dental general anesthesia (DGA) in children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and explore potential factors that may influence the outcome of DGA treatment. MethodsMedical records of children with S-ECC who received DGA treatment were screened, and necessary data were extracted. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model were used to estimate the DGA survival rate and explore the potential factors affecting the success rate of DGA treatment. ResultsMedical records of 852 children were included; 509 (59.7%) children with 1,212 (10.7%) teeth underwent unplanned retreatment. Restoration failure (30.12%) and new caries (29.46%) accounted for the most significant proportion of all failures. The median survival times were 510 and 1,911 days at the child and tooth levels, respectively. Unplanned retreatment risk was associated with the age of S-ECC children, frequency of follow-up, and fluoride application (hazard ratio = 0.97, 0.78, 0.69, P < 0.001). ConclusionThe treatment outcome of DGA administered to children with S-ECC was satisfactory at the tooth level from the perspective of the incidence of unplanned retreatment. Restoration failure was the main reason for the high unplanned retreatment rate. Strategies for a better outcome of DGA include improving the professional knowledge and skills of pediatric dentists and enhancing compliance of parents/patients. Health education and regular topical fluoride application may improve the success rate of DGA treatment.

Background/Objective: To retrospectively analyze the characteristics, tendencies, and success rates of dental treatments for severe early childhood caries (SECC) under general anesthesia (GA) in in northwest China. Study design: Children diagnosed with SECC were included in this retrospective study. From January 2015 to December 2018, they received dental treatment under GA at Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. Demographic information, caries status and treatment characteristics were collected from electronic medical record system. Success rates of different treatments at 6-month and 12-month follow up were also analyzed. Results: A total of 846 children (477 male, 369 female) received dental treatment under GA. The case number was increased from 148 in 2015 to 278 in 2018. There were 81.2% and 70.8% of the children participated the 6-month and 12-month follow up. SSC and pulpotomy was the most successful restorations and pulp therapy, with the success rate of 97.09% and 93.98% in 12-month follow up, respectively. The use of crown restorations (including composite resin crown and stainless steel crown) and pulp reservation therapies (including indirect pulp therapy and pulpotomy) were significantly increased while composite resin filling and pulpectomy decreased during 2015 to 2018. Conclusion: There has been an increasing demand for dental treatment under GA for children with SECC in northwest China, with a trend toward younger ages. With better clinical outcomes, crown restorations and pulp reservation therapies were the fastest-growing treatments under GA.

目的 体外培养人乳牙牙周膜干细胞,建立符合实验设计需要的人乳牙根尖周炎细胞模型.方法 采用酶解组织块法培养人乳牙牙周膜干细胞,连续梯度稀释法进行纯化,流式法鉴定细胞表面标记物,检测其多向诱导分化能力.在培养基中加入不同终浓度(0.1,0.075,0.05,0.025,0.01μg/ml)的大肠杆菌脂多糖,通过检测细胞活性及炎症因子表达,选择合适的大肠杆菌脂多糖浓度.结果 酶解组织块法可获得成集落状生长的人乳牙牙周膜干细胞,流式鉴定高表达CD146、STRO-1、CD105、CD90、CD29,低表达CD45、CD34,细胞成骨、成脂诱导后分别对茜素红、油红O染色阳性.0.05μg/ml的大肠杆菌脂多糖不影响细胞增殖活性(P>0.05),能显著提高炎症因子IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6的mRNA和蛋白表达水平(P<0.05).结论 0.05μg/ml的大肠杆菌脂多糖可作为诱导人乳牙牙周膜干细胞炎症模型的适宜浓度.

BACKGROUND/AIM:Injuries to the primary dentition affect children's esthetics, function, and mental health. They may also affect the development of the permanent teeth. The knowledge of dentists about deciduous tooth trauma is rarely evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of dentists in China regarding traumatic dental injuries to primary teeth.MATERIAL AND METHODS:A self-administered online questionnaire containing questions on demographic data and knowledge based on a clinical scenario was given to a purposive sample of dentists, recruited by a non-probability convenience sampling method. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis, with the significance level set at P <.05.RESULTS:A total of 394 out of 409 dentists provided valid data. There was no significant difference in demographic data. Questions about the treatment of hard dental tissue injuries in primary teeth presented a correct-response rate of 66.4%, with the highest correct-response rate for enamel fracture (n = 368, 93.4%) and lowest for complicated crown-root fracture with pulp exposure (n = 104, 26.4%). Questions about treatment of luxation injuries in primary teeth presented a correct-response rate of 66.6%, with subluxation presenting the highest correct-response rate (n = 391, 99.2%). Factors associated with higher correct-response rates were specialist disciplines, educational qualifications, workplaces, experience of injured teeth treated, and educational experience about primary tooth trauma. No significant differences were found in the correct-response rates of dentists with different years of work experience. Lack of cooperation from children was considered a major obstacle for treatment. Special lectures and Internet courses were the most preferred methods of obtaining knowledge.CONCLUSION:The results suggest that it is necessary to enhance dental trauma education for dentists in China. More attention needs to be paid to trauma in primary dentition to ensure adequate treatment for traumatized primary teeth.