单能X射线光源是由X射线光机、双晶单色器、标准探测器以及准直系统组成.X射线光机产生的连续X射线,通过与双晶单色器发生布拉格衍射完成单色化,调节不同的特定布拉格角度得到能量范围30～160 keV的单能X射线.为了研究标定装置的能量展宽,需要对该装置产生的单能X射线的能量分辨率进行研究.结果 表明Si(220)晶体产生的单能X射线的能量分辨率为0.91％@30 keV和2.3％@70.6 keV,Si(551)晶体为1.97％@80.1 keV和3.45％@142.6 keV.使用这套装置对溴化镧晶体探测器的能量响应进行校准验证,实验发现该装置的能量分辨率良好,可以应用在多种类型探测器的标定实验、X射线质量衰减系数测量以及多层膜反射率测量等领域.

基于布拉格衍射的双晶衍射结构是常用于同步辐射光束线和单能X射线辐射装置上的单色器的核心部件.实验考察了 T结构双晶单色器产生的单能X射线的稳定性,受Channel-cut单色器结构启发设计了新型的双晶单色器结构,并实验测量了衍射产生的单能X射线稳定性.实验结果显示,由于T结构双晶单色器结构缺陷导致其产生的单能X射线注量稳定性较差,而新的双晶单色器结构产生的单能X射线注量稳定性好于1.0％,产生单能X射线的能量范围和注量率都得到明显的提升.

The double crystal diffraction structure based on Bragg diffraction is the core component of the monochromator that is widely used in synchrotron radiation beam lines and monochromatic X-ray radiation devices. The stability of monochromatic X-rays produced by using the T-structure double crystal monochromator at National Institute of Metrology was investigated experimentally. Due to its structural defects, the X-ray flux of the T-structured double crystal monochromator shows poor long-term stability. Inspired by the Channel-cut monochromator structure, we designed a new double crystal monochromator structure to improve the long-term stability of the X-ray flux. Experiments showed that the stability of the monochromatic X-ray flux for the new double crystal monochromator structure was better than 1.0%@1 h, and the energy region and flux rate of the monochromatic X-rays are significantly improved. This work provides a stable and reliable monochromatic X-ray source for the calibration of X/γ detectors such as satellite load detectors, which will contribute to the development of X/γ detection technology.

The Gamma-Ray Monitor (GRM), which is one of the four main scientific instruments onboard the Space-based multi-band astronomical Variable Objects Monitor (SVOM) satellite, is dedicated to the spectrum measurement and study of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) in the 15 keV to 5 MeV energy band, as well as to perform real-time triggering and localization of the transient bursts in orbit. In order to fully understand the performance of the developed spectrometer and optimize the calibration scheme for the flight model (FM), several calibration campaigns, such as energy–channel relation and energy resolution, detection efficiency, temperature response, high-voltage effect and the non-uniformity tests of detector crystal, have been implemented during the development phase of the qualification model (QM) of GRM, utilizing radionuclides, hard X-ray beam and synchrotron radiation facility. The data analysis results show good agreement with the expected output by Monte Carlo simulations. The detailed optimization scenario for FM calibration is also presented in this paper.

为了探究GECAM卫星LaBr 3 （Ce）探测器的主要性能,利用硬X射线测试装置所产生的单能X射线对LaBr 3 （Ce）探测器进行初步的性能测试,并用ROOT程序对数据进行处理。测试得到了LaBr 3 （Ce）探测器8.3～63.0ke V的能量与能道的关系曲线、能量分辨率曲线以及全能峰探测效率曲线。测试结果表明,LaBr 3 （Ce）探测器在8.3～63.0ke V时的能量线性为0.9994,能量分辨率为14.86%@38.0ke V,探测效率曲线在39.0ke V出现明显的吸收边,与理论预期相符,满足LaBr 3 （Ce）探测器的设计要求。

Space scientific exploration is becoming the main battlefield for mankind to explore the universe. Countries around the world have successively launched various space exploration satellites. Accurate calibration on the ground is a key factor for space science satellites to obtain observational results. In order to provide calibration for various satellite-borne detectors, several monochromatic X-rays facilities has been built at National Institute of Metrology, P.R. China (NIM). These facilities are mainly based on grating diffraction and Bragg diffraction, the energy range of produced monochromatic X-rays is (0.218-301) keV. The facilities have a good performance on energy stability, monochromaticity and flux stability. Monochromaticity of all facilities is better than 3.0%, the stability of energy is better than 1.0% over 8 hours, and the stability of flux is better than 2.0% over 8 hours. The calibration experiments of satellite-borne detectors, such as energy linearity, energy resolution, detection efficiency and temperature response can be carried out on the facilities. So far we have completed the calibration of two satellites, and there are still three satellites in progress. This work will contribute to the development of X-ray astronomy, and contribute to the development of Chinese space science.

In order to meet the ground calibration requirements of Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM) satellite gamma ray detector (GRD), two sets of single-energy x-ray calibration devices were established in China Metrology Institute (Changping). One set is a single crystal calibration device, and LiF crystal can realize continuous emission of (8.1-37.9) keV single-energy X-ray; The other set is a dual crystal calibration device. Si220 crystal and Si551 crystal can realize continuous light emission of single energy x-ray in the energy range of (38-160) keV. The X-ray energy spectrum, energy resolution and energy response of the calibration device were studied by standard high-purity germanium detectors. The test results show that the energy range of the calibration device is: (8-160) keV; monochromaticity: energy resolution 3.1%@8.1keV, 10.2%@79.9keV; monochromatic luminous flux 649cts/s@38. 0keV,678cts/s@79.9keV,298cts/s@121.8keV; monochromatic light ratio 96%@38.0keV, 97%@79.9keV, 96%@121.8keV. Combined with the actual test results of the energy point of the GRD, it indicates that the calibration device can meet the calibration requirements of the GRD.

Scientific satellites can effectively detect astronomy. Accurate ground calibration experiments are required on the detector before the satellite payload is completed. Through the X-ray energy spectrum detected by the high-purity germanium detector, the energy resolution and energy response of the energy spectrum can be studied to meet the ground calibration requirements of the gravitational wave electromagnetic counterpart all-weather monitor (GECAM satellite). This paper mainly introduces the performance study of the X-ray high-energy part of the GRD detector, and conducts preliminary calibration experiments on the energy range from 80Kev to 150Kev. The test results: the high-purity enthalpy of the standard detector and the GRD detector have good energy linearity; The energy resolution of the single-energy X-ray of the GRD detector is better than 10.2%@79.9keV, which has good monochromaticity.

The performance of hard X-ray test equipment is an important factor for ground calibration of satellite load detectors. In this paper, the low energy section (8.3~38.0keV) of hard X-ray single crystal test equipment using standard detector (high purity helium detector) Preliminary performance measurements were taken. It is measured that the energy linearity is 1 at 8.3~38.0 keV, the monochromatic light ratio is basically above 90%, the monochromatic luminous flux is substantially greater than 1000 cts/s, and the overall stability is about 0.6%.