Aim or purpose: To find out characteristic indices of sialo-microbial-dental complex during the natural transition from the deciduous to mixed and from mixed to permanent dentition, thus providing new ideas for the prevention and treatment of dental caries. Materials and methods: High-throughput sequencing was used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze salivary and dental plaque microorganisms. A total of 120 high-caries and caries-free children in three different dentition stages (the deciduous, mixed and permanent dentition) were enrolled, including 20 high-caries children and 20 caries-free children in each dentition stage. The studies approved by Research Ethical Committee, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatological, Chongqing Medical University. Results: The salivary microbial diversity and community structure were similar between high-caries and caries-free children in all three dentition stages. The dental plaque microbial diversity and community structure were similar in two groups in the deciduous dentition. The dental plaque microbial diversity were similar, but the structure of dental plaque microbial communities were different in two groups in the mixed dentition. The dental plaque microbial diversity and community structure were both different in two groups in the permanent dentition. Conclusions: Different characteristics were observed between high-caries and caries-free children in the deciduous, mixed and permanent dentition, i.e. no significant difference was seen in the deciduous dentition, significant beta-diversity differences were seen in the mixed dentition, and significant alpha- and beta-diversity differences were seen in the permanent dentition.

目的:了解口腔医学生对口腔预防医学认知及教学需求,探索改进口腔预防医学课程方法.方法:设计调查问卷,对在重庆医科大学附属口腔医院学习的各类学生进行问卷调查.结果:共纳入208名学生进行问卷调查.(1)96.64％的学生认为口腔预防课程与住院医师培训及执业医师考试要求之间关系密切.(2)73.56％的学生对口腔预防医学教学模式感到满意,但有79.81％的学生认为现有教学手段需改进,教学实践需丰富.(3)已在预防口腔科实习过的学生认为未来口腔预防医学在口腔临床中的应用趋势会显著性增加(P=0.009＜0.05).(4)95.19％的学生愿意深入学习口腔预防相关知识,但毕业后愿意从事预防相关工作人数不足42.79％.(5)学生最不想参与的环节为"撰写报告或总结材料并汇报、对学习效果进行自我评价"(P=0.036＜0.05);学生初次接触口腔保健知识的途径是通过"学校开设课程"(P=0.000＜0.05);教学中考核方式需要改进(P=0.003＜0.05).结论:口腔预防医学课程教学实践的不足削弱了学生对口腔预防理论知识的重要性认识,口腔预防医学的发展任重道远.

Caries in young children has received more and more attention. The study of the oral microbiota may help to understand the polymicrobial etiology of dental caries. To investigate the diversity and structure of microbial communities in saliva samples from 5-year-old children with versus without dental caries. A total of 36 saliva samples were collected from 18 children with high caries (HB group) and from 18 children without caries (NB group). Then, 16S rDNA was amplified from bacterial samples using polymerase chain reaction, and high-throughput sequencing was performed using Illumina Novaseq platforms. Sequences were clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs), which were distributed among 16 phyla, 26 classes, 56 orders, 93 families, 173 genera, and 218 species. Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, Patescibacteria, Epsilonbacteraeota, Cyanobacteria, Acidobacteria and Spirochaetes were basically the same in different groups, but their relative abundances were different. The core microbiome was defined as the species from 218 shared microbial taxa. The alpha diversity test showed that there were no significant differences in microbial abundance and diversity between the high caries and no caries groups. The results from principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and hierarchical clustering showed that the two groups had similar microorganisms. The biomarkers of different groups were defined by LEfSe analysis to identify potential caries-related and health-related bacteria. Co-occurrence network analysis of dominant genera showed that oral microbial communities in the no caries group were more complex and aggregated than those in the high caries group. Finally, the PICRUSt algorithm was used to predict the function of the microbial communities from saliva samples. The obtained results showed that mineral absorption was greater in the no caries group than in the high caries group. BugBase was used to determine phenotypes present in microbial community samples. The obtained results showed that Streptococcus was greater in the high caries group than in the no caries group. Findings of this study provide a comprehensive understanding of the microbiological etiology of dental caries in 5-year-old children and are expected to provide new methods for its prevention and treatment.

Current studies have shown that ARNTL, an important clock gene, plays an anticancer role and is downregulated in certain types of cancer. However, the biological functions and mechanisms of ARNTL in tumors remain largely unknown. This study aimed to elucidate how ARNTL-induced autophagy impacts the biological properties of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cells and the mechanisms by which ARNTL expression activates autophagy. ARNTL was stably overexpressed in TSCC cells to investigate its functions in vitro and in vivo. We found that activation of autophagy induced by ARNTL decreases cell proliferation, enhances cell death, and hinders the migratory ability of TSCC cells. Moreover, ARNTL antagonizes the AKT/mTOR pathway, which potentiates autophagy induction. The manipulation of Akt activation cancels the effects of ARNTL overexpression on the biological behaviors of TSCC cells. Furthermore, after the addition of SC79, the upregulated BAX expression due to ARNTL overexpression and downregulated expressions of BCL-2 and MMP2 were remarkably rescued. In vivo tumorigenicity assays and immunohistochemistry also confirmed that ARNTL overexpression suppresses tumor development. Our study found for the first time that ARNTL inhibits the malignant behaviors of oral cancer cells by regulating autophagy in an AKT/mTOR pathway-dependent manner, which provides a novel theoretical basis for the potential future application of ARNTL to treat patients with oral cancer.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the differences in salivary metabolites between pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), healthy pregnant women (HPW), and healthy non-pregnant women (HNPW), and analyze the possible associations between the identified metabolites and gingivitis.MethodThe study included women with GDM (n = 9, mean age 28.9 ± 3.6 years, mean gestational age 30.1 ± 3.2 weeks), HPW (n = 9, mean age 27.9 ± 3.0 years, mean gestational age 28.6 ± 4.7 weeks), and HNPW (n = 9, mean age 27.7 ± 2.1 years). Saliva samples were collected from all participants and were analyzed with LC-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomic analysis. Metabolite extraction, qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis, and bioinformatics analysis were performed to identify the differential metabolites and metabolic pathways between groups. The identified differential metabolites were further analyzed in an attempt to explore their possible associations with periodontal health and provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of periodontal inflammation during pregnancy.ResultsIn positive ion mode, a total of 2,529 molecular features were detected in all samples, 166 differential metabolites were identified between the GDM and HPW groups (89 upregulated and 77 downregulated), 823 differential metabolites were identified between the GDM and HNPW groups (402 upregulated and 421 downregulated), and 647 differential metabolites were identified between the HPW and HNPW groups (351 upregulated and 296 downregulated). In negative ion mode, 983 metabolites were detected in all samples, 49 differential metabolites were identified between the GDM and HPW groups (29 upregulated and 20 downregulated), 341 differential metabolites were identified between the GDM and HNPW groups (167 upregulated and 174 downregulated), and 245 differential metabolites were identified between the HPW and HNPW groups (112 upregulated and 133 downregulated). A total of nine differential metabolites with high confidence levels were identified in both the positive and negative ion modes, namely, L-isoleucine, D-glucose 6-phosphate, docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, adenosine, adenosine-monophosphate, adenosine 5′-monophosphate, xanthine, and hypoxanthine. Among all pathways enriched by the upregulated differential metabolites, the largest number of pathways were enriched by four differential metabolites, adenosine, adenosine 5′-monophosphate, D-glucose 6-phosphate, and adenosine-monophosphate, and among all pathways enriched by the downregulated differential metabolites, the largest number of pathways were enriched by three differential metabolites, L-isoleucine, xanthine, and arachidonic acid.ConclusionUntargeted metabolomic analysis of saliva samples from pregnant women with GDM, HPW, and HNPW identified nine differential metabolites with high confidence. The results are similar to findings from previous metabolomics studies of serum and urine samples, which offer the possibility of using saliva for regular noninvasive testing in the population of pregnant women with and without GDM. Meanwhile, the associations between these identified differential metabolites and gingivitis need to be further validated by subsequent studies.

While the effect of fluoride on severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) is clear, knowledge of how it influences the oral microbiota and the consequential effects on oral health is limited. In this cohort study, we investigated the changes introduced in the oral ecosystem before and after using fluoride varnish in 54- to 66-month-old individuals (n=90: 18 children were sampled at 5 different time points). 16S rDNA was amplified from bacterial samples using polymerase chain reaction, and high-throughput sequencing was performed using Illumina MiSeq platforms. Many pronounced microbial changes were related to the effects of fluoride varnishing. The health-associated Bacteroides and Uncultured_bacterium_f_Enterobacteriaceae were enriched in the saliva microbiome following treatment with fluoride varnishing. Co-occurrence network analysis of the dominant genera showed that different groups clearly showed different bacterial correlations. The PICRUSt algorithm was used to predict the function of the microbial communities from saliva samples. The results showed that starch and sucrose metabolism was greater after fluoride use. BugBase was used to determine phenotypes present in microbial community samples. The results showed that Haemophilus and Neisseria (phylum Proteobacteria) was greater before fluoride use. We conclude that the changes in oral microbiology play a role in fluoride prevention of S-ECC.

ObjectiveTo compare the differences in salivary metabolites between caries-active and caries-free children in the mixed dentition, and explore their correlation with caries status.MethodsThe study involved 20 children (aged 8–9 years) in the mixed dentition, including 10 caries-active (aged 8.6 ± 0.49years) and 10 caries-free children(aged 8.5 ± 0.5years), with a male/female ratio of 1:1. The saliva samples were collected from all children. Metabolite extraction, LC-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomics, qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis and bioinformatics analysis were performed to identify differential metabolites between the two sample groups. The differential metabolites identified were further analyzed in an attempt to find their correlations with caries status.ResultsIn the positive ion mode, a total of 1606 molecular features were detected in the samples of the two groups, 189 of which were differential metabolites when comparing the caries-active group with the caries-free group, including 104 up-regulated and 85 down-regulated metabolites. In the negative ion mode, a total of 532 molecular features were detected in the samples of two groups, 70 of which were differential metabolites when comparing the caries-active group with the caries-free group, including 37 up-regulated and 33 down-regulated metabolites. In the positive ion mode, two of the top 5 up-regulated differential metabolites were found in and annotated to specific metabolic pathways, whereas in the negative ion mode, only one of the top 5 up-regulated differential metabolites was found in and annotated to specific metabolic pathways. In both the positive and negative ion modes, the top 5 down-regulated differential metabolites were both annotated to the metabolic pathways. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differential metabolites showed that histamine and arachidonic acid identified in the positive ion mode, as well as succinate and L-histidine identified in the negative ion mode were enriched in the top 3 significantly altered pathways.ConclusionThe enriched differential metabolites including histamine, L-histidine and succinate were correlated with the presence of dental caries, but their role in the caries process needs to be further investigated.

OBJECTIVE:Acute pulpitis is one of the common causes of tooth pain. TACAN (Tmem120a) is a newly identified ion channel that senses mechanical pain. In this experiment, we studied the expression of the TACAN ion channel in the trigeminal ganglia in a rat model of pulpitis to explore the correlation between the expression of this ion channel and inflammatory pain.DESIGN:Lipopolysaccharide was used to induce acute pulpitis in rats, and pulpitis was assessed histologically. The facial pain threshold of the rats was measured by the von Frey test. TACAN mRNA expression in rat dental pulp and the trigeminal nerve was measured by qPCR, and TACAN protein expression in the trigeminal ganglia was evaluated by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. Antisense oligonucleotides were used to reduce TACAN protein expression in the trigeminal ganglia, and the change in the pain threshold in the rats with acute pulpitis was determined.RESULTS:The results showed that the TACAN transcript level in rat pulp tissue increased under inflammatory conditions, and we proved that pulpitis increased TACAN protein expression in the rat ipsilateral trigeminal ganglia. The facial pain threshold was decreased in rats with pulpitis. A short-term decrease in TACAN protein expression could improve the pain threshold.CONCLUSIONS:With the development of pulpitis after bacterial infection, the upregulation of TACAN expression in the trigeminal ganglia promoted pain sensitivity. A short-term reduction in TACAN expression relieved pain. Therefore, this study indicated that TACAN is a potential target channel for new analgesics.

Objective(s): This study aimed to investigate the function of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in regulating periodontal lesions. In addition, we explored the underlying mechanism of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway. Materials and Methods: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs) was used to construct a periodontitis cell model, and experimental periodontitis (EP) rats were established by ligation. The mechanism by which TRPV1 regulates periodontitis was further verified by injecting the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin (CPS) and antagonist capsazepine (CPZ) into the gingiva of rats; the alveolar bone losses in each group were measured by stereomicroscopy. Realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting (WB) were used to research the expression of TRPV1 and proinflammatory cytokines, and WB was performed to test the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT. Results: In vitro experiments showed that LPS induced the upregulation of TRPV1 and proinflammatory cytokines and promoted the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT proteins in HPDLCs, which was consistent with their expression in the rat periodontitis model. Moreover, in vivo studies indicated that CPZ had anti-inflammatory effects through the PI3K/AKT pathway and inhibited bone loss induced by periodontal ligation in rats, while CPS had the opposite effect. Conclusion: TRPV1 was involved in the process of alveolar bone defects and the inflammatory response in rats with periodontitis induced by ligation. Its mechanism might be related to the phosphorylation of related proteins in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

目的 探讨不同强度的低强度脉冲超声(LIPUS)对永生化根尖牙乳头干细胞(ISCAP)分化及增殖的影响.方法 采用CCK8细胞增殖计数法探究不同强度LIPUS对ISCAP细胞增殖的影响;通过碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、茜素红染色及Western Blot探究ISCAP的成骨/成牙本质分化,通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应技术(RT-q-PCR)检测不同强度LIPUS辐照ISCAP后ALP、抗runt转录因子2(RUNX2)、成牙本质基质蛋白1(DMP-1)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的信使核糖核酸(mRNA)表达量探究细胞的成骨/成牙本质/成血管分化的定量分析.结果 60 mW/cm2强度的超声刺激LIPUS后ISCAP增殖速率最大,不同强度的LIPUS对其成牙本质/成骨方向的分化有促进作用,并且在一定范围内其促进分化的能力与强度呈正相关;LIPUS对ISCAP成血管方向的分化也有促进作用,但与强度无明显关联,其促分化能力呈现出时间依赖性趋势.结论 LIPUS作为非侵入性治疗方式具有促进牙源性干细胞的增殖及分化的潜能,可为牙髓再生提供治疗思路.

The study aimed to explore tumor suppressor mechanism of ARNTL from the perspective of autophagy in oral cancer. Human oral squamous carcinoma HN6 cells stably overexpressing ARNTL were established, cell viability and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8 and TUNEL assays, and intracellular autophagosomes were observed under electron microscopy. Western Blot detected expressions of Beclin1, LC3 II/I, ATG-12, P62, BAX and BCL-2. Bafilomycin A1 was used to detect autophagic flux, and Western Blot was used to detect changes of LC3II and P62 proteins. Autophinib was added to cells with ARNTL overexpression for recovery experiments, and cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. In vivo tumorigenesis experiment was used to evaluate the in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of ARNTL, and Western blot simultaneously detected ARNTL, LC3 II/I, Beclin1, P62 and ATG-12 expressions. ARNTL overexpression promoted apoptosis and autophagy and inhibited cell viability. In ARNTL-overexpressing cells, expressions of Beclin1, LC3 II/I, and BAX were significantly up-regulated, while P62 and BCL-2 expressions were decreased, and ATG-12 expression wasn't significantly changed. When the autophagy inhibitor Autophinib was used, expressions of elevated BAX and decreased BCL-2 were reversed effectively, as were decreased cell proliferation index and increased apoptosis index. An in vivo tumorigenesis assay also showed ARNTL overexpression inhibited tumor growth, and autophagy-related protein expressions were consistent with the in vitro data. The research demonstrated for the first time that ARNTL induced apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation dependent on autophagy in oral cancer, which provides theoretical basis for potential therapeutic targets.

Background and Objectives Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) promotes differentiation and regulates biological functions of various stem cells, but its effect on the endothelial differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) is unclear. This study investigated the effect of LIPUS on endothelial differentiation and angiogenesis in PDLSCs and the role of the mechanically sensitive ion channel Piezo1 in this process. Methods and Results PDLSCs obtained from healthy people were used for endothelial induction, and 10 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to simulate the inflammatory state. The induced cells were treated with LIPUS (50 mW/cm2, 1.5 MHz) to study its effect on the endothelial differentiation of PDLSCs and the tube formation of differentiated cells. PCR, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and Matrigel tube formation assays were used to detect the differentiation and tube formation of PDLSCs. GsMTx4 was used to inhibit the expression of Piezo1, and the role of the Piezo1 pathway in the endothelial differentiation and microvascular formation of PDLSCs after LIPUS treatment was studied. The data showed that LIPUS increased endothelial differentiation and angiogenesis in PDLSCs under inflammatory or noninflammatory conditions. The use of an inhibitor weakened the effect of LIPUS. Conclusions This study demonstrated that LIPUS can activate the expression of Piezo1 and promote the endothelial differentiation and microvascular formation of PDLSCs.

不可逆性牙髓炎是口腔科常见疾病,临床针对该类患者主要采用根管治疗术,包括根管预备、根管消毒、根管充填3个阶段,其中根管充填是最主要的阶段.其虽可起到一定的治疗效果,但去除牙髓后,牙体组织会变脆、变薄,长时间后会出现患牙折断现象,患者甚至面临拔牙风险.因此,寻求一种既能有效去除牙髓感染,又能保留或重建牙髓功能的方法具有重要意义.近年来,生物组织工程牙髓血管再生、牙髓再血管化在牙髓再生中具有广泛的应用前景,为牙髓再生提供了更多的可能性.本文就以上两种方法作一概述,以期为临床牙髓再生方法的选择提供些许参考.

Since this article has been suspected of research misconduct and the corresponding authors did not respond to our request to prove originality of data and figures, "Long noncoding RNA TTN-AS1 promotes the proliferation and migration of prostate cancer by inhibiting miR-1271 level, by Y. Zhu, Z. Yang, X.-H. Luo, P. Xu, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 23 (24): 10678-10684-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201912_19766-PMID: 31858535" has been withdrawn. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/19766.

OBJECTIVE:To detect the binding of Mage-D1 with activated p75NTR and explore their role in regulating mineralization of ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs).METHODS:EMSCs were isolated from the tooth germs of embryonic SD rats (19.5 days of gestation) by tissue explant culture and were identified for surface markers using flow cytometry. The cultured cells were divided into blank control group, 100 ng/mL nerve growth factor (NGF) stimulation group, and lentivirus-mediated Mage-D1 interference (SH-Mage-D1) group. Proximity ligation assay was used to detect the binding of Mage-D1 with activated p75NTR in the EMSCs, and the binding strength was compared among the 3 groups. Alizarin red staining and ALP staining were used to observe mineralization of the induced cells. The expressions of ALP, Runx2, OCN, BSP, OPN, Msx1 and Dlx1 at both the mRNA and protein levels were detected using RT-PCR and Western blotting.RESULTS:The isolated EMSCs expressed high levels of cell surface markers CD44, CD90, CD29, CD146, and CD105 with a low expression of CD45. The results of proximity ligation assay showed that the binding of Mage-D1 with activated p75NTR in the cells increased over time, and the binding strength was significantly greater in NFG-treated cells than in the cells in the other two groups (P < 0.05). Alizarin red staining and ALP staining of the induced cells showed that the changes in the mineralization nodules were consistent with those of ALP activity. The cells treated with 100 ng/mL NGF exhibited significantly increased expressions of ALP, Runx2, OCN, BSP, OPN, Col1, Msx1 and Dlx1 as compared with the cells in the other two groups (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:Mage-D1 directly binds to activated p75NTR in embryonic rat EMSCs to positively regulate the mineralization of the EMSCs.

Objective To investigate the effect of resin infiltrant on resistance of sound permanent enamel surfaces to demineralization. Method Eighty healthy premolars were sectioned to obtain enamel blocks from the buccal surface. Specimens with baseline surface microhardness values of 320–370 were selected. The experimental group were treated with resin infiltrant, while the control group was not. Specimens from each group were artificially demineralized and the surface microhardness values were measured again. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to measure the depth of demineralization and detect the penetration ability of the resin infiltrant. The specimens were subjected to a simulated toothbrushing abrasion test. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe changes in the surface morphology of specimens after each of these procedures. Results No significant differences between the experimental and control groups were observed in the baseline microhardness values or in the experimental group after resin infiltration compared with the baseline conditions. After artificial demineralization, the microhardness value in the control group was significantly lower than that in the experimental group (266.0 (±34.5) compared with 304.0 (±13.0), P = 0.017). Confocal laser scanning microscopy results showed that the demineralization depth in the control group was significantly deeper than that in the experimental group (97.9 (±22.8) µm vs. 50.4 (±14.3) µm, P < 0.001), and that resin infiltrant completely penetrated the acid-etched demineralized area of the tooth enamel with a mean penetration depth of 31.6 (±9.0) µm. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface morphology was more uniform and smoother after simulated toothbrushing. The enamel surface structure was more severely destroyed in the control group after artificial demineralization compared with that of the experimental group. Conclusion Resin infiltrant can completely penetrate an acid-etched demineralized enamel area and improve resistance of sound enamel surfaces to demineralization. Our findings provide an experimental basis for preventive application of resin infiltrant to sound enamel surfaces to protect tooth enamel against demineralization.

Objective: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a kind of enamel hypomineralization. MIH has a serious negative impact on patient's oral health. Whether neonates with premature birth or low birth weight are susceptible to MIH has not been rigorously evaluated. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine whether premature birth and low birth weight increased the possibility of developing MIH in neonates. Method: We searched relevant studies published from 2001 to June 2018 on PubMed and Embase. The methodological quality of the studies included in the meta-analysis was assessed using the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (AHRQ) inventory tool. Results: Premature birth promoted the prevalence of MIH (OR = 1.57, 95%CI: 1.07-2.31). Low-birth-weight neonates were approximately three times likely to suffer from MIH (OR = 3.25, 95%CI: 2.28-4.62). Conclusions: Our finding suggests that premature birth and low birth weight increase the prevalence of MIH.

BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the desensitizing effect of toothpaste containing the active ingredients of an extract of Galla chinensis, both in vitro and in patients with dentin hypersensitivity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety-eight patients with dentin hypersensitivity were divided into two study groups and given toothpaste containing either the active ingredients of Galla chinensis extract and sodium fluoride, or a control toothpaste containing only sodium fluoride. Assessments included the tactile stimulation test and the Schiff cold air sensitivity scale, which were conducted at the baseline examination and after 4 and 8 weeks of dental brushing. Twenty-five intact human premolars from 24 patients with dentin hypersensitivity were prepared and randomly divided into four groups, the untreated baseline group, the study group, the positive control group, and the control group. After brushing with different toothpaste for 7 days, the effects on dentinal tubule sealing in each group was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the degree of dentinal tubule plugging and diameter of the open dentinal tubules were calculated. RESULTS Toothpaste containing the active ingredients of Galla chinensis and sodium fluoride significantly reduced the degree of dentin hypersensitivity when compared with toothpaste containing sodium fluoride alone after 4 weeks and 8 weeks of use. Toothpaste containing the active ingredients of Galla chinensis significantly reduced the number and diameter of the open dentinal tubules. CONCLUSIONS Toothpaste that contained the active ingredients of Galla chinensis and sodium fluoride reduced the symptoms of dentin hypersensitivity by sealing the dentinal tubules.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically evaluate the repairing effect of stem cells on facial nerve defects.METHODS:Articles regarding the regenerating effect of stem cells on facial nerves in animals were collected from the databases of Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and CBM. Two professionals independently completed the article screening, data extraction, and bias risk assessment. RevMan 5.3 and random-effects models were used for the statistical analysis, and the results were presented in the form of mean differences (MD) with a 95%CI. The results of functional evaluation (vibrissae movement, facial paralysis) and histological evaluation (density of myelinated fibers, diameter of fibers, thickness of myelin sheath, G ratio) of facial nerve were Meta-analyzed.RESULTS:A total of 4 614 articles were retrieved from the 6 databases, and 15 of these articles were included in the Meta-analysis. For vibrissae movement and facial paralysis, the stem cell group scored significantly higher than the non-stem cell group (P<0.05). The density of myelinated fibers and thickness of the myelin sheath in the stem cell group were higher than those in the non-stem cell group (P<0.05). The G ratio in the stem cell group was smaller than that in the non-stem cell group (P=0.001). There was no significant difference in fiber diameter (P=0.08).CONCLUSIONS:Stem cells have potential in promoting facial nerve regeneration.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the status of oral health knowledge, attitude, behavior of 12-15 years old children and provide a theoretical basis of prevention.METHODS:Multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to extract four middle school students from Chongqing districts and counties (2 in the main urban area and 2 suburbs), and their oral health knowledge, attitudes and behaviors were investigated through questionnaires. All data were entered using Epidata and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0 software.RESULTS:A total of 3 902 valid questionnaires were collected. The proportion of people who had good brushing habits was 39.7% (1 548), the average oral health knowledge accuracy rate was 58.9%, and the average oral health positive attitude was 88.6%. The number of middle school students who attended the dental experience was 54.5% (2 127), and that of the school who received oral health education was 17.5% (681). There were gender and regional differences in brushing habits.CONCLUSIONS:The knowledge and behavior of oral health among 12-15-year-old middle school students in Chongqing need to be improved. Oral health education for middle school students should be strengthened, especially in rural and suburban areas.