Herd reproduction parameters and quality of the young animals depend on the state of the breeding stock. The object of the study was cows of Hereford breed at the age of 4, 5 and 6 years. Linear assessment was carried out by the method of O.M. Sheveleva (2021). Animals were measured by conventional methods. The measurements were compared with the method of assessing cattle for distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS). A scoring assessment of the exterior of cows was carried out and a complex class of cows for exterior was determined in accordance with the Procedure and conditions for assessing breeding cattle of meat direction (2010). The research results were biometrically processed by the method of N.A. Plokhinsky, 1969, 1970. Hereford cows were characterized by a harmonious build. All body measurements of full-aged cows increased compared to young animals. Measurement of chest girth increased by 11.7 cm, chest depth - by 2.6 cm, chest width by 2.8 (P> 0.999), width in hook bones by 3.7 cm, (P> 0.999), in hip joints by 3.7 cm, width in ischial tuberosities by 4.0 cm, half-girth of the quarters by 3.2 cm (P> 0.999). Evaluation of the exterior of cows by a 100-point scale indicates that the evaluated cows have a fairly harmonious build that corresponds to the breed type, but concurrently, full-aged cows received a lower score for exterior traits. A significant increase of linear assessment signs with age increment was established. Chest depth increased by 0.94 points, chest width by 1.62, back width by 0.55 points, pelvic width by 1.4 (P>0.999), chest width by 1.62, pelvic width by 0.7 (P>0.95). The method of linear assessment of the exterior is objective and does not require additional equipment. It is possible to recommend approbation of this method on other cattle breeds and to develop clearer instructions for conformation assessment of beef cattle using linear method.

The article describes characteristics of milk productivity of meat cow breeds in the south of Tyumen region. The breeds under study (Hereford, Charolais, Limousine, Salers and Obrak) are compared. The level of milk productivity in Hereford, Obrak and Salers cows is higher than that of limousine and Charolais. The average daily productivity of Hereford cows was 4.97 kg, Obrak cows – 4.89 kg, Salers cows – 4.77 kg, limousines cows – 4.51 kg and Charolais cows – 4.44 kg. Hereford cows had the most nutritious milk – 3103.8 J, milk produced by Obrak and Salers cows had a nutritional value which was lower by 1.0 %, by limousine cows – by 2.8 %, by Charolais cows – by 4.3 %. Milk productivity tends to increase with age and different generations. Thus, Charolais cows had the highest milk yield, and the Limousine cows had the lowest milk yield. Unique and time-consuming data that can be used by all agricultural enterprises are presented.

Experimental data were obtained on the effect of feeding a phytonutrient based on Hungarian sainfoin on the biochemical, hematological parameters of blood, on the natural resistance and dynamics of the live weight of heifers. As a result of feeding the phytonutrient based on Hungarian sainfoin, the blood parameters of heifers of the experimental groups were higher than those of the control group. There was also a better development of the heifers of the experimental groups compared to the control group.

Blood counts vary significantly under the influence of feeding and keeping conditions. According to hematological indicators, one can determine the degree of metabolism in the body. The studies were aimed to identify the effect of selenium-containing feed supplement Bio-Sorb-Selenium on hematological indicators of goslings at different age periods (one-day-old goslings, 30 day-old and 60 day-old goslings). It was established that in one-day old goslings the morphological composition of blood was within the physiological norm and no difference between the groups was observed. At the age of 60 days, the goslings of the control group had less erythrocytes than ones of the experimental groups by 3.57 and 4.64 %, the hemoglobin content decreased by 4.37 and 7.28 %, the number of leukocytes – by 5.77 and 7.31 %, the total nitrogen content decreased by 3.73 and 7.41 %, the total protein content decreased by 5.67 and 7.21 %. The introduction of various dosages of Bio-Sorb-Selen into feed increased the content of calcium and inorganic phosphorus due to mineral components. The results obtained indicate the active nature of redox processes in the body of goslings of the experimental groups and increased activity of the hematopoiesis apparatus due to the intensive growth of goslings.

To increase the efficiency and safety of phytosanitary measures, it is necessary to combine all available methods and means aimed at long-term suppression of the number of pests below economic threshold of harmfulness. In this regard, the article provides data on the influence of external environmental factors (weather conditions, preparations for pre-sowing seed treatment) on disease susceptibility and yield of peas. The hydrothermal conditions corresponded to climatic conditions of the Trans-Urals during the period of the experiments and were favorable for cultivation of agricultural crops. It was established that the most common and harmful diseases of peas are fusarium (in the forms of root rot and wilting) and ascochitis. Pre-sowing seed treatment with fungicides was effective not only against root rot and wilting of peas, the development of the disease decreased by 1.2-1.6 times, but also against a group of leaf-stem diseases, susceptibility to ascochitosis decreased by 1.4-1.7 times. The influence strength of pre-sowing seed treatment on susceptibility of peas to Fusarium was 9.5-74.6 %, and weather conditions - 4.0-76.9 %. The development of leaf-stem infections was largely influenced by weather conditions of the growing season, the share of this factor was 13.7-88.7 %. Treatment of pea seeds with all the studied preparations provided a significant increase of yield by 9.7 ... 23.4 %. The influence of "Weather conditions of the year" factor in yield formation of peas was 72.8 ... 76.1 %, while the share of "Preparations" factor influence did not exceed 15.9 ... 18.3 %.

Metallurgical enterprises are the main source of environmental pollution with heavy metals. Toxicants pose a serious threat to the consumer's health, so scientific research on diminishing their adverse effect on sanitaryhygienic properties of poultry meat is of high importance when organizing effective environmental management and ensuring food security. The purpose of the study is to devise a method for reducing a negative impact of heavy metals on productivity and sanitary-hygienic properties of meat by admixing adsorbents to a formulation of animal feeds. To analyse the concentration of heavy metals, the atomic adsorption method was applied. Experimental data were statistically processed using SNEDECOR application package. In the industrial territory of RNO - Alania, the prudent use of the adsorbents such as citrus pectin in the amount of 200 g/ton and Toxiban Max in the amount of 1000 g/ton admixed to barley-corn-soybean based feeds of local production allows achieving the maximum effect. Due to the synergistic effect of the tested drugs, there was an increase in the number of red blood cells, haemoglobin and bactericidal and lysozyme activities in the blood of the experimental birds; at the same time, the concentration of zinc lowered 1.98 times, lead - 2.71 times and cadmium - 2.03 times. The broiler chickens of the 4-experimental group were different from the 1-control analogues in weight parameters, slaughter yield and protein qualitative index which increased by 12.9%, 0.74% and 17.8% respectively. Zinc concentration in the examined muscle samples was 3.48 times lower than in the 1-control group, lead concentration - 3.11 times and cadmium concentration - 3.54 times.

In the article data on distribution dynamics and pea disease development in Transurals is given. The researches extablished that in region conditions the following diseases of fungus ethiology are most common: fusariosis (form of appearance, root rot and wilt-agents are fungi of Fusarium species, dark spotty ascochytosis – agent is – A. pinodes L.K. Jones and rust – agent is Uromyces pisi (Pers.) de Ваrу. Correlation dependence is established between disease development on pea and weather conditions is established. So, middle straight correlation dependence between development of root rot and HTI growthseason is registered – r=0,53±0,38, inverse tight correlation relationship between development of fusariosis and HTI, development of fusariosis and rainfall during growth season – correlation factor was consequently -0,98±0,08 and -0,98±0,07. Development of ascochytosis and rust to a great extent depended on rainfalls in May-August- correlation coefficient was from 0,76±0,29 to 0,83±0,25. Discovered characteristics of structure formation of pathogen complex and development of infectious diseases, allow to develop differentiated approach to the ways of phytosanitary control of pea agrophytocenosis

In order to determine the optimal combination of components of a fertilizer system economic and agronomic efficiency of lime, organic and mineral fertilizers in grain and steam crop rotation in the forest steppe of the Trans-Urals was analyzed. The definition of agronomic efficiency showed that the payback of 1 kg of active ingredient (a.i.) of added fertilizers yield gain on average over 3 years made 1.04-1.42 kg, the maximum payback was observed in the option with a dose of N30P30 – 5.33 kg of grain units (g.u.)/kg a.i. The increase in the dose of mineral fertilizers increased the production costs and reduced the payback from 2.12 to 1.49 rubles. Options of mixed organo-mineral fertilizer on the basis of sapropel with lime and mineral fertilizers in the ratio of mass fractions 1:0,1:0,01 and 1:0,1:0,05 are proposed.

ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ И УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ СОРТОВ ЯРОВОГО РАПСА К ФУЗАРИОЗУ В УСЛОВИЯХ КУРГАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИСуханова Светлана Фаилевна, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук

The paper shows the effect of fungicide seed pre-treatment on the productivity and infestibility of spring barley root rot which is seen as the most common and harmful disease in the Kurgan region. The authors highlight the hydrothermal conditions were favorable for spring barley cultivation within the experimental period. The hydrothermal coefficient of summer months of the vegetation period in 2017 was 1.03; 2018 - 0.89, and in 2019 - 0.95. The researchers found out that the disease progress index depended on hydrothermal conditions of the vegetation period, and was reduced by means of favorable regime of moisture, root rot development. The regression equation is as follows: y = 108.7-90.9x. The researchers observed lower disease progress, with the most effective root rot suppressed by Scarlet and Polaris specimens (the disease progress index decreased to 9.6-13.1%). At pre-sowing treatment of seeds there was The impact of seedbed preparation on the disease progress index was 37.4%. When treating seeds with specimens, spring barley yield increased by 9.3-17.3%. Spring barley productivity increased under favorable hydrothermal conditions, the effect of this factor was 23,8%, and the effect of pre-sowing treatment of seeds was 55,5%. During the research period the spring barley yield decreased while root rot infestation increased; the regression equation is as follows: y = 28.36 - 0.49x. To reduce the infestation of root rot and increase the productivity of spring barley, the paper suggests to apply pre-sowing disinfection of seeds with specimens Scarlet (rate of consumption of 0.4 l/t) and Polaris (rate of consumption of 1.5 l/t), while the disease progress rate reduced and yield increases by 13.2-17.3%.

Вопросы повышения эффективности использования комбикормов, биологической ценности рационов путем рационального применения добавок разного спектра действия являются приоритетными направлениями исследований по интенсификации отрасли скотоводства

Mineral additives on the basis of domestic natural minerals, products of chemical and microbiological production are developed. At calculation of structure of additives the daily requirement of animals for mineral substances taking into account a direction of productivity, biological and physiological features of an animal in structure of the experimental mineral additive No. 1 includes forage salt, monoammonium phosphate, brusite, chalk and salts of microcells -100 g of this additive allows to provide completely an animal with microcells, and also to compensate lack of phosphorus, calcium, sodium and magnesium. Mineral additive No. 2 in the amount of 300 g provides the animal’s need for trace elements. In addition, this additive includes a daily rate of feed salt and 60% of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium requirements. Therefore, the use of this additive makes it possible to almost fully meet the needs of animals in feed salt, macro- and microelements. Feeding experimental mineral additives to animals allowed increasing milk production during the break-up period by 3.9 and 6.6%, respectively. Balanced mineral nutrition reduced the duration of the service period by 10.2 and 15.8% in the pilot groups. The use of new mineral additives in the diet led to a decrease in production costs by 2.65 and 3.94%. In the end, all this led to an increase in the profitability of milk production: in the control group it was 21.02%, and in the experimental group it was by 3.79% and 5.85% more, respectively. Thus, thanks to the use of new types of mineral additives, animal productivity has increased, feed consumption per unit of production has decreased, milk quality has improved and profitability of production has increased.

СОСТАВ МИКОЦЕНОЗА РИЗОПЛАНЫ СОРТОВ ЯРОВОГО РАПСА В ЗАУРАЛЬЕ

The article compares merino sheep imported from Australian plants in 2004 and 2007 compared and domestic merinos of leading breeding plants of Russia and Stavropol. Australian merinos imported in 2004 did not have a positive effect when crossed with Manich merino ewes. At the same time, the 2007 importation of Australian rams by differentiated selection of Manich merinos depending on their live weight and age, increased meat productivity of their offspring but reduced the level and nature of their wool productivity and comprehensive assessment of animals. In the herds of the Stavropol and Caucasian breeds, the best results were obtained when using stud rams of domestic breeding plants.

The article presents data on morphological and biochemical blood parameters, the content of total protein and its fractions in the blood serum of lactating cows when using new mineral supplements at a dose of 100 g and 350 g per head per day. In experimental group 2, an increase in the hemoglobin index was 11.88% (P≤0.05), in inorganic phosphorus - 27.00% (P≤0.01), in globulins - 4.81% (P ≤ 0.05) compared to the control group.

Abstract The problems of adaptation of a highly productive Holstein breed to new natural and climatic conditions and using their productive qualities are relevant. In order to study the influence of paratypical factors on the productive characteristics of Holstein cows, productive qualities of Holstein cows and their paternal half-sisters brought from the USA were compared. It has been established that during their first, second and third lactation periods, Holstein cows had better milk yield parameters than their paternal half-sisters brought from the USA. In Holstein cows, values of repeatability and heritability of milk yield parameters were higher than in their half-sisters. The influence of the “Region of reproduction” factor was observed for the milk yield per lactation. To the least extent, it was observed for the mass fraction of protein. The highest frequency, heritability, and factoriality of milk yield parameters were observed in Pilot’s daughters.

Bio-Sorb-Selenium is a supplement absorbing toxins and enriching feed with organic selenium. The scientific and economic experiments on gosling broilers of an Italian white breed were carried out at the Breeding Plant "Makhalov", Kurgan Region. For gosling broilers of the control group, complete feed was used (OR), for the first experimental group, Bio-Sorb-Selenium at a dose of 500 g/t was used; for the second experimental group, 1000 g/t feed was used. Bio-Sorb-Selenium in the composition of animal feed had a significant impact on biological and productive indicators of goose broilers, in particular on the morphological parameters of blood - up to 58%, on the biochemical indicators of blood - up to 61%, on natural resistance indicators - up to 76 % and meat productivity - up to 60%. A strong correlation between the body weight of goslings and some morphobiochemical blood parameters was revealed.