As a kind of teaching philosophy, “curriculum ideology and politics” has developed from the “point” exploration from some colleges and universities to the “face” consensus of China's higher education circles. College physics experiment is a compulsory public basic course in science and engineering colleges in China. It contains rich ideological and political elements and has obvious advantages in ideological and political education. Through the construction of ideological and political pattern, the TSTC teaching system was established. This paper systematically studies the construction of teaching team, the design of teaching materials, the training of teachers' ideological and political awareness, and the refinement of ideological and political education content and the exploration and implementation of ideological and political education methods, so as to realize the natural and efficient integration of students' world outlook, outlook on life and values in classroom professional teaching, and achieve the goal of integrating the ideological and political education into students' hearts, minds and bones and the goal of “moral education”.

(K0.46Na0.46La0.08)(Nb0.94Sb0.06)O3 powders were synthesized via hydrothermal method. The effects of different reaction conditions on crystal structure, micro-morphology and phase formation were analysed by XRD and SEM in detail. The results reveal that (K0.46Na0.46La0.08)(Nb0.94Sb0.06)O3 powders with orthorhombic lattice structure are synthesized at 200?C for 18 h with the total initial alkali concentration of 8mol/l. The average particle size of synthesized powders is about 500-700 nm, which has regular cubic morphology with uniform distribution. Moreover, doping with La3+ and Sb5+ inhibits the crystal growth. The phase evolution of the powders revealed that the hydrothermal synthesis of (K0.46Na0.46La0.08)(Nb0.94Sb0.06)O3 underwent two steps, where an intermediate product of K4Na4Nb6O19? 9H2O was found in the early stage at 140?C. Based on the results, the formation mechanism of (K0.46Na0.46La0.08)(Nb0.94Sb0.06)O3 powders was proposed. It can be inferred that the crystal growth model of (K0.46Na0.46La0.08)(Nb0.94Sb0.06)O3 is dissolution-crystal growth-recrystallization with the characteristics of layered growth.

采用电阻点焊方法对55％ SiCp/A356Al复合材料进行焊接,焊接方案设计为试样无夹层直接焊接和中间夹铝箔焊接.对不同方案下获得的点焊接头微观组织、抗剪强度、显微硬度、熔核直径及界面反应情况进行了分析和比较;建立了高体积分数55％ SiCp/A356Al复合材料界面连接模型,讨论了接头强度与界面模型的联系.结果 表明,在优化的工艺参数下,接头成形良好,无明显缺陷,点焊接头熔核区SiC颗粒分布均匀,未出现界面反应;试样中间夹铝箔焊接后,界面仅发生强连接和亚弱连接反应,接头强度提高,平均抗剪力2 165.6 N,平均熔核直径9.5 mm,显微硬度与微观组织分布相符合,并且与母材硬度无明显差异.

Zirconium tungsten phosphate (Zr2WP2O12 denoted as ZWP) is a negative thermal expansion material which can be used as filler in controlling the thermal expansion coefficient of other materials. In this study, dense ZWP ceramics without any additives was prepared via solid-state reaction method, by milling the as-synthesized powder for different times and sintering at 1300 °C. The influence of the milling time, i.e. reduced particle sizes, on properties of the Zr2WP2O12 was investigated. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal mechanical analysis (TMA), Raman spectroscopy and Vickers hardness tester. The results showed that the milled powders have high crystallinity with single phase orthorhombic structure. The ZWP ceramics exhibits NTE property with high density. With the increase of milling time the coefficient of thermal expansion changed from −2.607 × 10−6 1/K to −3.914 × 10−6 1/K. In addition, the grain sizes decrease and the relative density and HV hardness of the obtained ceramics increase confirming that grinding is an effective method to improve the performance of ZWP ceramics.

CaZrO3-modified (K0.48Na0.48Li0.04)(Nb0.95Sb0.05)O3 (CZ-KNLNS) lead-free piezoelectric powders were synthesized by microwave method followed by conventional solid state sintering. Different amounts of CaZrO3 were added (i.e. x = 0, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.06 mol) and their effects on the crystal structure, microstructure, as well as the electrical properties, were investigated. The results showed that CZ-KNLNS powders could be obtained by microwave heating at a relatively low temperature and short time of 650 ?C and 10min, respectively. The obtained CZ-KNLNS powders have cubic structure and good crystallinity with average particle size of 300-700 nm. The particle size gradually decreases with the increase of CaZrO3 amount, indicating that addition of CaZrO3 inhibits the growth of the particles. The powders were further sintered at 1120 ?C for 4 h and CZ-KNLNS ceramics with homogeneous and highly dense microstructure were obtained. X-ray diffraction showed that, with increasing CaZrO3 content, the phase structure gradually changed from orthorhombic to rhombohedral, which can be considered as the coexistence zone of orthorhombic-rhombohedral (O-R) phase in the range of 0.03 < x < 0.06. The optimized content of CaZrO3 is x = 0.04, at which the CZ-KNLNS piezoelectric ceramics show good properties and maximum d33 = 201.2 pC/N and Kp = 36.8%.

SiCp/LY12 composite plates were successfully joined by resistance spot welding (abbreviated as: RSW). 1Cr18Ni9 stainless steel thin slice with 0.12 mm thickness was placed between the spot electrode and weld specimen in the process of welding. The effect of stainless steel thin slices on the microstructure and comprehensive properties of joints was investigated comparatively by means of OM, SEM and joint tensile shear test. The results show that, when the specimens are welded directly without adding stainless steel, SiC particles in the joints are not evenly distributed, there have different zones across the weld, including SiC particles sparing zone, SiC particles concentration zone and SiC particles transition zone. By comparison, with the addition of stainless steels, the SiC particles are uniformity throughout the weld. The analysis of tensile shear fracture reveals that when the specimens are welded directly under the best welding parameters, the diameter of weld nugget is 4.3 mm, the button shape after tearing is irregular elliptical-type, and the tensile shear force of joint is 1242 N. While, when welded by adding stainless steels, the diameter of weld nugget is 5.3 mm, the buttons shape is regular circle with a tensile shear force of 1693 N. It can be attributed to produce more heat and well mobility in the course of spot welding. Moreover, joining of stainless steels can cause equalization of spot electrode pressure. The research has led to the discovery of apparent improvement of microstructure and properties in RSW joint of 15%SiCp/LY12 composites due to the addition of stainless steels.

Lead-free piezoelectric (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via microwave heating. The phase structure, morphology and particle size of the samples synthesized by microwave and conventional method were characterized by TG-DSC, XRD and FTIR. Microwave thermal effect and the reaction mechanism were analyzed. The results revealed that single-phase (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 nanoparticles could be obtained at relatively low temperature and short time of 650 °C for 10 min by microwave method. The particles possess an orthorhombic crystal structure and the composition is consistent with stoichiometric ratio. The obtained particles are fine, uniform and with little agglomeration. With the microwave synthesis temperature reducing from 800 °C to 650 °C, the average diameter of particles decreases from 600 nm to 100 nm and weakens the agglomeration. The possible formation mechanism of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 nanoparticles affected by microwave thermal effect was proposed. Due to the selective microwave heating, low temperature eutectic reaction between Na+, K+ solid solution and Nb2O5 occurs and the intermediate phase (K, Na)2Nb4O11 is formed. Subsequently, as the reaction temperature increased, high temperature eutectic reaction arises and the Na2Nb4O11 and K4Nb6O17 intermediate phases are formed. Ultimately, all the intermediate phases disappear and (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 nanoparticles are synthesized.

使用直流磁控溅射设备,不同压强下在玻璃衬底上制备了系列TiN薄膜.采用紫外-可见光分光光度仪测试了样品的光学性能,采用四探针法测量了样品的方块电阻.研究了溅射沉积过程中压强对TiN薄膜光学性能的影响.结果表明,随着反应压强的增大,TiN薄膜在可见光区透射率增强,反射率降低;薄膜厚度减小,方块电阻增大,中远红外光区的反射率降低.

通过改变溅射功率,使用直流磁控溅射设备,在玻璃衬底上制备了系列TiO2薄膜.分别用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和椭偏光谱仪测试了TiO2薄膜的形貌、结构及厚度.使用紫外-可见分光光度计测试了TiO2薄膜的光学性能.使用TiO2薄膜降解罗丹明B溶液测试了其光催化活性.研究结果表明:溅射功率增大,薄膜的透射谱及吸收谱在紫外出现明显的"红移"现象,光学带隙从3.51 eV减小到3.40 eV.适当提高溅射功率有利于提高TiO2薄膜的光催化活性,当溅射功率为213 W时,薄膜的光催化性能最好.

The main welding defects in the SiCp/6061Al composite resistance spot welding(RSW) joint and the generating causes were investigated.The results show the main welding defects in the composite RSW joint were hydrogen pore,hot crack and welding spatter.That the composites were not cleaned thoroughly and the long welding time(0.3 s) led to the forming of hydrogen pore.The hot cracks forming reason was the excessive welding current(16 kA) which led to the nonuniform temperature field when the nugget crystallized,and the increase of the welding stress.The SiC particles in the welding pool made the increase of the viscosity during the nugget crystallization.The local overheating of nugget zone resulted in the excessive current(16 kA) was the reason for welding spatter.

TiN thin films were deposited by Arc Ion Plating(AIP) with or without Magnetic Filter(AIP or MFAIP) on silicon(Si) and high-speed steel(HSS) substrates,respectively.Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM),X-ray Diffraction(XRD),nanoindentation and microscratch tests were applied for microstructure and property investigation.SEM data showed that the AIP films are plagued with macro-particles(MPs),while the MFAIP films have no or less MPs.XRD showed that the MFAIP films have more obvious preferred orientation at (111) than the AIP films.Scratch Crack Propagation Resistance(CPRs) was introduced to evaluate the film adhesion properties in a scratch test.MFAIP films had higher adhesion.AIP films were susceptible to failure as the CPRs was lower.The MFAIP films had higher hardness than the AIP ones, due to the reason of less MPs in MFAIP films and more obvious preferred orientation.It was proposed that the MPs were effectively removed with the magnetic filter, so the properties of the MFAIP films were greatly improved.

Nano-crystalline diamond (NCD) films with good adhesion were deposited on flexible copper substrate with Ni interlayer by Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition (MPCVD). In this paper, two-stage method was used to improve the adhesion between the copper substrates and the diamond films. The effect of deposition time of the first stage on the morphology, crystal structure, non-diamond phase and adhesive properties of diamond films was investigated. The performance and structure of the diamond films were studied by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Raman Spectroscopy (Raman) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the films were nano-crystalline diamond films positively. Impress method was used to examine the adhesion between diamond film and the substrate. When deposition time is 1.5h, the adhesion between diamond film and the copper substrate is better than the others. When it was 2.5h or longer, because the graphite layers existed as intermediate, the adherence between the diamond films and copper substrates was very poor. Therefore, the diamond films were easily peeled off from the substrates. Otherwise, the second stage called annealing process after the deposition played an important role to the adhesion. The films would be easily peeled off by curling without the annealing process.

The present study had investigated the joining performance of SiC particle reinforced aluminum metal matrix composite (Al/SiCp-MMC) having 1.0mm thickness by resistance spot welding processes. The welded joints were subjected to tensile-shearing tests in order to determine the strength of the welded zone. In addition both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM) were conducted to investigate the micro structural and micro hardness's changes of the welded joints. The results reveal that: the maximum tensile-shear strength value of welded joint was obtained in these optimum welding parameters as in 17.5kA welding current for 60 periods welding. The electrode pressure was 3.5kN. It was favorable to select relatively high welding current and short welding time for improving mechanical properties of spot welded SiCp/LY12 composite joint. In this base, the welding mechanism of resistance spot welding SiCp/LY12 composite has also been discussed in detail.

本科毕业设计在本科生教学中占有重要的作用,对本科生综合能力的培养具有重要意义,但是随着社会的发展,本科毕业设计过程中出现了很多问题,本文结合作者自身带本科毕业设计的经历,就本科毕业设计中出现的问题进行讨论,并提出了一些可行的建议.

Micro/nano diamond films were prepared by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition(MPCVD) on Cu substrate with Ti -Al -Mo as an interlayer.The surface and cross -section morphologies were observed by FESEM, and Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze the as-deposited diamond films. The adhesion between substrate and as-deposited film was examined by way of indentation, and the results showed that the Ti-Al-Mo interlayer can enhance the adhesion effectively. In addition, the Ar gas in reaction atomosphere can accelerate the formation of nanofilms, thus improving the film surface roughness.

The welding technology parameters of resistance spot welding of SiC particles-reinforced LY12 aluminum composites were optimized, and its microstructure and mechanical properties were researched systematically. The results show that the mechanical property of the joint is high, some needle-like silicon is not generated, it means that interfacial reaction is not found in the middle of the joint, and there are very few porosities and cracks, but SiC particles are gotten together, the resistance spot welding process on SiC particles-reinforced LY12 aluminum matrix composite is feasible.

The TiN coatings were deposited by arc ion plating(AIP) and magnetic filtered arc ion plating(MFAIP) on stainless steel and silicon substrates,respectively.The microstructures and mechanical properties of the as-deposited TiN coatings were characterized with X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and nano-indentation.The results show that the magnetic filtering significantly affects the microstructures and surface hardness of the TiN coatings.The TiN coatings,deposited by MFAIP technique,has finer grains with a preferential growth orientation of(111),and its surface with few small bumps of melting droplets,is harder,smoother and more compact than that of the TiN coatings,deposited by AIP technique.We suggest that the fine crystal grains of the MFAIP coating are responsible for the increased surface hardness.

The weldability of SiC particle reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites (SiCp/Al-MMC) is analyzed in arc welding. The latest progresses of SiCp/Al-MMC at China and abroad are reviewed on specific materials problems and trends in developments related to TIG welding,MIG welding and plasma arc welding. Based on the author's experimental results,much more attention is paid to TIG bonding,future prospect of this area is also presented.

Three types of SiCp/3003Al composites which was with the volume fraction of reinforcement of 0%,15% and 30% were welded by continuous flash butt welding under the same welding technology parameters.The microstructure and properties of weld metal were investigated with SEM,OM and AG-25TA testing system.The results show that the formation of the weld beam in that the content of SiCp is 15% and 30% is good,and the joint strength of the composite of SiCp 30% is highest.The analysis reveal that the resistivity of the composite increases,the ratio of thermal conduction and coefficient of linear expansion reduces with the increase of the volume fraction of reinforcement.And the changes of physical properties can make the welding course obtain more heat,the heat is concentrated in the weld beam,it makes the flashing process more continuous,stable and fierce,the self-protection better and the internal stress of the weld beam smaller.In a word,the SiCp/3003Al composites weldability of flash butt welding get better.

Two kinds of bonded magnets based on metal and plastic matrix respectively are prepared by the method of surface treatment and adding different ratio of binding admixture into the NdFeB magnetic powders. The magnetic properties and stability of the magnets are studied. From SEM fractograph of the magnets' and coherent theory, we can draw the following conclusions: the magnetic properties and the stability of the magnets can be enhanced by. surface treatment. The magnetic properties of the plastic based magnets are lower than those of the metal based magnets, but their stability are improved greatly. The service temperature of the plastic based magnets can reach about 150 similar to 180 degrees C.