目的 研究益肾壮骨汤对糖皮质激素性骨质疏松小鼠肾组织成骨细胞特异基因(Osterix) mRNA和肠道菌群的影响.方法 SPF级昆明小鼠40只,分为正常对照组(N组)、益肾壮骨汤对照组(YSZG组)、糖皮质激素性骨质疏松组(Glu组)以及益肾壮骨汤低剂量组(1 g/kg,Glu+ YSZG-L组)和高剂量组(4 g/kg,Glu+ YSZG-H组),每组8只.除N组和YSZG组,其余各组小鼠臀肌注射地塞米松磷酸钠注射液(2.5 mg/kg)建立糖皮质激素性骨质疏松模型,每周注射2次,连续6周,之后Glu+YSZG-L组和Glu+YSZG-H组小鼠再分别灌胃1 g/kg和4 g/kg益肾壮骨汤6周.qRT-PCR法检测肾组织Osterix mRNA水平,ERIC-PCR和PCR-DGGE电泳获得肠道菌群指纹图谱,分析肠道菌群整体差异并鉴定优势条带序列.结果 与N组小鼠比较,Glu组肾组织Osterix mRNA水平显著升高;与Glu组小鼠比较,益肾壮骨汤治疗组肾组织Osterix mRNA水平明显降低.ERIC-PCR图谱显示705 bp处条带为Glu组和益肾壮骨汤治疗组小鼠肠道菌群的差异条带.PCR-DGGE分析气单胞菌为骨质疏松小鼠肠道优势菌型,益肾壮骨汤给药后小鼠肠道菌群结构发生改变,气单胞菌消失.结论 益肾壮骨汤通过下调肾组织Osterix mRNA水平,抑制气单胞菌等病原菌的增殖来治疗骨质疏松症.

Chitosan and its derivatives can alleviate metabolic syndrome by different regulation mechanisms, phosphorylation of AMPK (AMP-activated kinase) and Akt (also known as protein kinase B), suppression of PPAR-γ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ) and SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory element–binding proteins), and translocation of GLUT4 (glucose transporter-4), and also the downregulation of fatty-acid-transport proteins, fatty-acid-binding proteins, fatty acid synthetase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase), and HMG-CoA reductase (hydroxy methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase). The improved microbial profiles in the gastrointestinal tract were positively correlated with the improved glucose and lipid profiles in hosts with metabolic syndrome. Hence, this review will summarize the current literature illustrating positive correlations between the alleviated conditions in metabolic syndrome hosts and the normalized gut microbiota in hosts with metabolic syndrome after treatment with chitosan and its derivatives, implying that the possibility of chitosan and its derivatives to serve as therapeutic application will be consolidated. Chitosan has been shown to modulate cardiometabolic symptoms (e.g., lipid and glycemic levels, blood pressure) as well as gut microbiota. However, the literature that summarizes the relationship between such metabolic modulation of chitosan and prebiotic-like effects is limited. This review will discuss the connection among their structures, biological properties, and prebiotic effects for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Our hope is that future researchers will consider the prebiotic effects as significant contributors to the mitigation of metabolic syndrome.

Triptolide is a natural compound isolated from the Tripterygium wilfordii, which possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. Triptolide reportedly inhibits RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription and ATM activities to interfere with DNA repair. However, the roles of triptolide in DNA repair are still largely unknown. Triple negative breast cancer cells (TNBC) are insensitive to targeted anti-tumoral drugs, thus DNA damage chemotherapeutic drugs are the available treatments used in clinic, while the drug resistance of TNBC causes the challenge for successful cure. In this study, we investigated the efficiency of cisplatin in combination with triptolide in treatment of TNBC. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay shows triptolide suppresses the growth of two triple-negative breast cancer cells, BT549 and MDA-MB-231. Triptolide induces DNA breaks and arrests TNBC in the cell cycle S phase, and sensitizes TNBC to cisplatin. Western blot analysis shows triptolide down-regulated the levels of PARP1 and XRCC1, and slightly decreases the levels of RAD51. The results demonstrate triptolide interferes with single strand-break and base excision repair. The over-expressed PARP1/XRCC1 help the TNBC to resist triptolide. Based on these results, we conclude triptolide confers sensitization of TNBC to cisplatin via interference with XRCC1/PARP1-mediated base excision repair.

Objective To observe the connection between hematologic malignancy and gut microbiota by comparing gut microbiota between hematologic malignancy patients and healthy individuals.Methods Fecal samples were collected from the patients and healthy volunteers.The total DNA of fecal bacteria was extracted.PCR-DGGE was used to detect the diversity of intestinal flora in each group.Results There was a significant difference in DGGE fingerprint between the two groups.Comparing with the healthy individuals,the patient group showed an overgrowth of E.coli and reduction or missing of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii.In some patients,some of intestinal bacteria such as Enterococcus faecalis,Enterococcus sulfureus and Acinetobacter johnsonii increased specifically.Conclusion Significant changes in gut microbiota diversity was observed in patients with hematologic malignancy,which may help in early anti-infection of hematologic malignancy.

Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Cotridis rhizoma and exhibits multiple biological roles including anti-microbe, anti-inflammation and anti-tumor activities. In this study, two triple-negative breast cancer cell (TNBC) lines, MDA-MB-231 and BT549, were used to investigate the effect of BBR on growth of TNBC in vitro and in vivo. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate the viability of cells treated with BBR. After 48h treatments, a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of BBR to BT549 and MDA-MB-231 cells are at 16.575±1.219μg/ml and 18.525±6.139μg/ml respectively. BBR reduced colony formation of BT549 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The wound-healing assay showed BBR decreased breast cancer cell migrations (P<0.01). AnnexinV-PI staining assay confirmed BBR induced cellular apoptosis. The expressions of caspase-3, caspase-9, Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by western blot, which showed BBR activated caspase-3, 9 and Bax, but down-regulated Bcl-2 expression. BBR promoted the release of cytochrome c through the immunofluorescent analysis (P<0.01). We also found BBR increased the level of cellular γH2AX and increased the expression of Ligase4, which suggests BBR induces the double-strand breaks (DSB). These results thus demonstrated that BBR induced DSB, subsequently increased the release of cytochrome c and eventually triggered the caspase9-dependent apoptosis. In addition, we used a MDA-MB-231 mouse-xenograftmodel to evaluate the effect of BBR on tumor growth. BBR suppressed tumor growth and increased caspase-9 levels in xenograft tumors through immunohistochemistry analysis (P<0.01). Taken together, these results demonstrate that BBR activates caspase-9/cytochrome c-mediated apoptosis to inhibit the growth of TNBC breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.

Objective:To explore the effects of caffeine on the prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods:Use Ethanol as a solvent to extract the caffeine in tea and then injecting 5％ D-galactose saline solution 1ml/d/kg to establish aging model mice.Divide mice randomly into experimental group (high-dose/low-dosecaffeine),positive control group,negative control group,and normal con-trol group (NS) and injecting appropriate drugs for consecutive four weeks.Test superoxyde dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehvde (MDA) periodically.Take mice's hippocampus and use Western blotting to detect the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and extracellular signal-regulated kinasesl/2 (p-ERK1/2).Results:The expression of BDNF and p-ERK1/2,negative control group is less than low-dose experimental group and positive control group (P＜0.01);The p-ERK1/2 expression of injecting D-galactose mice was significantly lower than normal group,negative control group compared weth the normal group,the differencd was significant (P＜0.05).The level of SOD in model group was significantly lower than that in normal control group,high,low dose caffeine group and positive control group (P＜0.01),but the level of MDA is opposite.Conclusions:Caffeine can delay aging process by increasing the level of SOD in aging mice,and enhancing the expression of BDNF and P-ERK1/2.Caffeine does a lot to prevent AD.

Context: Diabetes is a serious endocrine and metabolic disorder. Food supplements attract people's attention in mitigating health problems from the aspect of gastrointestinal microflora. Maydis stigma (Zea mays subsp. mays L. [ Poaceae]), has been used as water decoction for treating diabetes in folk medicine. It has great potential, and feasibly a stable form of Maydis stigma commercial products could be developed to fulfil the health food market.Objective: To study the effects of Maydis stigma polysaccharide (MSP) on the intestinal microflora in type2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and methods: MSP was fractioned from Maydis stigma by distilled water, purified by DEAE-52 Cellulose chromatography and Sephadex G-200 gel column. Streptozotocin (160mg/kg) was intraperitoneal injected for 3 days to build model. The diabetic mice were randomly divided into five groups together with control group (10 mice in each group). The doses of MSP were 400, 600 and 800mg/kg, respectively. After 5 weeks of administration, antidiabetic effects and intestinal microflora balance restoring activities were evaluated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.Results: Blood glucose levels of MSP-treated groups showed extremely significant hypoglycemic effects (p< 0.01), body weight increased showed extremely significant (p< 0.01) differences. Bacteroides, Lactobacillus and Prevotella were dominant organisms in the intestinal tract. The quality and quantity of Lactobacillus and Bacteroides genus increased remarkably with increasing concentration of MSP.Discussion and conclusion: Experimental results of this study suggest that MSP has the significant potential to be used as a natural agent for treating T2D and restoring the intestinal microflora balance.

To evaluate the rehabilitation effects of Benincasa hispida extract on sunburn mice skin by urtraviolet radiation.The mice model was developed by UV radiation,and the model mice were divided into normal control,negative control,positive control (lidocaine) and experimental group (freeze drying group) randomly.The mice in positive control and experimental group were applied with lidocaine and B.hispida extract twice a day respectively,both normal group and negative group were applied with saline twice a day.Then,executed the mice on 0,1,3,7,14 d respectively.The back skin was separated to make biopsy and western-blot assay.The expressions of growth factor of VEGF and FGF-2 were higher in positive control and experimental group than those in other groups,and significant difference was detected between negative control group and experimental group.The pathological analysis results showed that the number of blood vessels,fiber cells and fibroblasts in experimental group was significantly higher than those in negative group.B.hispida extract enhanced the expressions of VEGF and FGF-2,and promoted wound healing.

肠道正常菌群参与机体的物质代谢，营养物质的吸收合成，并能够促进生长发育，维持人体正常生理活动，其对胃肠道消化和免疫作用的发挥与肠杆菌、肠球菌、类杆菌和乳杆菌的关系密不可分。肠道黏膜免疫反应主要依靠肠腔内黏膜表面的免疫球蛋白（ sIgA为主）和淋巴细胞为主体的免疫活性细胞，共同完成肠道局部免疫。抗生素的使用可诱导肠道菌群失调，脑－肠轴参与了肠道菌群失调，其不仅可引起全身免疫疾病，还能导致肥胖、2型糖尿病及肠癌。

目的 应用PCR-DGGE技术评价西芹对昆明小鼠肠道菌群平衡的影响.方法 给予小鼠高脂饲料,复制高脂模型,模型复制成功后,每日给予小鼠西芹提取液灌胃,连续28 d.分别在实验的0、14和42 d,收集每只小鼠粪便,提取基因组DNA,应用PCR-DGGE(聚合酶链式反应——变性梯度凝胶电泳)技术获得肠道菌群分子指纹图谱,针对相似性、多样性分析及优势条带的序列进行分析.结果 高脂饲料喂养后肠道益生菌约氏乳杆菌等趋近消失,出现了特异菌真杆菌,而西芹灌胃组和食用基础饲料组真杆菌数量显著减少,且西芹灌胃组作用大于食用基础饲料自然恢复组.结论 西芹对高脂小鼠肠道菌群的平衡有显著的恢复作用.

目的:随着人参药用和保健价值的不断发掘,人参皂苷引起人们越来越多的关注,但有关人参皂苷与肠道菌群之间相互作用的研究仍为空白领域,本实验旨在探明人参皂苷对小鼠肠道菌群的影响,以期为人参皂苷的推广应用提供理论基础和实验依据.方法:有机溶剂法提取人参皂苷,将正常BALB/c小鼠按2 mg/0.1 kg人参皂苷进行连续灌胃饲养,分别在灌胃第10d和第13d无菌收集小鼠粪便,提取肠道细菌基因组总DNA,应用PCR-DGGE技术获得肠道菌群分子指纹图谱,进行菌群结构相似性、多样性分析,并将感兴趣的优势条带进行切胶、测序分析,对获得的序列在GeneBank数据库比对.结果:灌胃人参皂苷后小鼠肠道菌群结构发生改变,荧光假单胞菌和丁酸梭菌数量明显增加.结论:人参皂苷使小鼠肠道的菌群结构和数量发生明显改变,天然的人参皂苷口服很难被直接吸收利用,因此推测人参皂苷可能以肠道菌群作为发挥生物学作用的靶点,进而行使提高健康水平等保健功能.

Objective: In order to investigate the prevention effect of seabuckthorn oil on Alzheimer's disease induced by hyperlipidemia mice, the expression level of microtubule-associated protein(Tau) and brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) of seabuckthorn oil-affected hyperlipidemia mice. Methods: 40 KM mice were randomly divided into 2 groups with 10 mice for normal control group and 30 mice for high-fatty model group, the high-fatty model group were adminstrated by gavage once a day for 3 weeks with 10mg/kg NaCl(negative control group), seabuckthorn oil(experimental group) and simvastatin(positive control group), respectively and with 10 mice for each group, the expression level of Tau and BDNF from mice hippocampus tissues were measured by HE, IHC and WB methods. Results: There was significant difference of the hippocampal neuron between high-fatty model group and normal control group;the mice hippocampus nerve cells decreased in the negative control group and yellow granular precipitated in the neuron; meanwhile,hippocampal damage was improved and the amyloid protein decreased in the experimental and positive control group, IHC and WB results showed that there was significant difference among groups. Conclusion: The above results revealed that seabuckthorn oil could inhibited the expression of Tau of hyperlipidemia mice hippocampus and accelerated metabolism of amyloid precusor protein, so that decrease the risk of β-amyloid precusor protein deposit-induced Alzheimer's disease; while seabuckthorn oil could promote the expression of BDNF, so that prevent injury and death of neurons, improve pathological state of neurons and promote regeneration of injured neurons,indicating seabuckthorn oil could effective prevent hyperlipidemia people concurrent Alzheimer's disease.

目的 探讨不同种类茶叶中茶多酚对细菌生长的抑制作用.方法 提取茶多酚,配成不同浓度的溶液;纸片法测定茶多酚(浓度为140mg/ml、1 20mg/ml、1 00 mg/ml、80 mg/ml、60 mg/ml、40mg/ml)对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及枯草杆菌的抑菌作用;比较抑菌效果.结果 三种茶叶的茶多酚对供试细菌均有抑制作用,但不同茶叶的茶多酚对细菌的抑制作用不同,不同种类茶叶茶多酚对同一菌种的抑制作用亦不同.结论 不同种类茶叶的茶多酚对细菌生长均有一定的作用.

OBJECTIVE:To study the prevention effect of Physalis alkekengi extracts against antibiotic-induced intestinal microflora imbalance of mice.METHODS:Mice were given levofloxacin hydrochloride intragastrically on the second day after last medication,once a day,for consecutive 7 days.48 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal control group,model group,Lizhu changle group (2 mg/kg) and P alkekengi high-dose,medium-dose and medium-dose groups (80,40,20 mg/kg);they were given relevant medicine intragastrically once a day for consecutive 7 days.Then the feces of mice were collected.After extraction of bacterial genomic DNA from feces,the fingerprint of intestinal microflora was determined by PCR-DGGE,and the similarity and the sequence analysis of the dominant bands were carried out.RESULTS:Before intragastric administration of antibiotics,Prevotella and Lactobacillus were dominant organisms; the number of Bacillus acidi lactici was increased by high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose P.alkekengi extract.After intragastric administration of antibiotics,high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose P alkekengi extract could promote the generation of bacteroid which became dominant organism.CONCLUSIONS:P alkekengi extract increase the number of Bacillus acidi lactici,and prevent antibiotic-induced intestinal microflora imbalance.

Microecology of respiratory system is an important part of human microecology.The normal microbiota in respiratory tract are the natural barrier of human organism,which not only play an important role in resisting invade of foreign bacteria,but also involve in local immunological reactions.Normally the species and quantity of microbes in each part of the respiratory tract are relatively stable.Our research on the succession and variation of the normal flora in respiratory tract will provide theoretical basis for understanding the mechanisms of inflammation in respiratory system,and developing novel respiratory probiotics.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the inhibitory effect of curcumin on the growth of human cervical carcinoma Hela cells.METHODS:Curcumin was extracted and purified by 75% ethanol.Hela cells were cultured in vitro,and inhibitory effects of curcumin on the growth of Hela cells were measured with MTT method to explore optimal inhibitory concentrations;the morphologic change of human cervical carcinoma Hela cells was observed by inverted microscope;the expression of p53 protein in Hela cell was observed by Western blot method.In addition,cell apoptosis and cell cycle were inspected by flow cytometry.RESULTS:The optimal inhibitory concentration of curcumin to Hela cells in 24 h was 116.68 μg/ml,with inhibitory ratio of 63.20%.After treated with 11.67,35.00,58.34 μg/ml curcumin for 24 h,the number of human cervical carcinoma Hela cells decreased significantly,cell rounding,shrinking and aging was in concentration-dependant manner.The p53 protein expression was increased after treated with 29.17,145.85 μg/ml curcumin;11.67,35.00,58.34 μg/ml curcumin could promote the apoptosis of human cervical carcinoma Hela cells,in concentration-dependant manner.With the increase of curcumin concentration,the number of cells in G0/G1 phase and S phase were decreased while the number of cells in G2/M phase was increased.CONCLUSIONS:Curcumin has obvious inhibitory effect on human cervical carcinoma Hela cells,promote the apoptosis of Hela cells and the expression of p53 protein.It also prevents the cells in G2/M phase.

目的:利用芯片数据分析工具对GEO基因芯片数据进行数据挖掘,系统分析肥胖与2型糖尿病患者肝组织相关基因表达的变化,探讨肥胖与2型糖尿病的联系及糖尿病早期预防和诊断的新靶点.方法:首先在公共芯片数据库中选择肥胖与2型糖尿病相关芯片数据(GSE15653),利用R等芯片数据分析工具分析肥胖与2型糖尿病患者肝组织基因的表达变化,并预测相关差异表达基因在血中蛋白表达.结果:肥胖患者与正常人肝组织比较发现412个差异表达基因,其中上调表达基因212个,下调表达基因200个,2型糖尿病患者中控制良好者与正常人肝组织比较发现486个差异表达基因,其中上调表达基因253个,下调表达基因233个,而2型糖尿病患者中控制不良者与正常人肝组织比较发现1051个差异表达基因,其中上调表达基因560个,下调表达基因491个;2型糖尿病控制良好者与肥胖患者肝组织有263个相同的表达变化基因,而2型糖尿病控制不良者与肥胖患者肝组织有131个相同的表达变化基因;结合蛋白质组学结果分析肥胖与2型糖尿病相关的差异表达基因中有30个蛋白表达产物是分泌型蛋白.结论:肥胖及2型糖尿病患者肝组织与正常肝组织比较基因表达均发生明显变化,其基因表达变化数目随疾病的严重性增加而增多,而且2型糖尿病的控制情况与肝组织基因表达变化有密切关系.肥胖与2型糖尿病相关的差异表达基因中表达分泌型蛋白的可进一步用于研发监测疾病发生发展的候选靶分子.

目的研究中药锦灯笼各化学拆分组分的抗菌活性。方法对锦灯笼化学组分进行拆分,检测其对金黄色葡萄球菌、耐药金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、耐药大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度。结果锦灯笼水提物组分、酸浆多糖组分、酸浆苦素组分对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌有较强的抑制作用,且酸浆苦素组分还能抑制和杀死耐药金黄色葡萄球菌和耐药大肠杆菌。结论锦灯笼各拆分组分具有一定的抗菌能力。

目的 应用PCR-DGGE方法研究抗癌剂替吉奥对肠道菌群的影响.方法 取BALB/c小鼠10只,灌服替吉奥(441 mg/kg)7 d.应用PCR-DGGE方法获得肠道菌群分子指纹图谱,进行相似性、多样性分析及优势条带的序列分析.结果 实验0d与实验7d的小鼠肠道菌群结构差异存在统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 替吉奥能够杀灭肠道中的有益菌,促使致病菌过度生长,导致肠道菌群严重失调.

Objective To study the effects of D-galactose on the expression of p-ERK 1/2 in hippocampus of mice and on learning and memory ability. Methods Twenty Kunming mice,half male and half female,were divided into two groups. To establish aging model of mice,D-galactose was injected daily in the subcutaneous for 35 days in the dosage of125 mg / kg. The control group was given saline. In the modeling period,the general condition of mice was observed.Step-down and morris water maze were carried out to test the learning and memory ability at the last one week. After the experiment,the animals were sacrificed to extract hippocampal tissue. The expression of p-ERK1 / 2 in hippocampal of mice was detected by western blot. Results Step-down test showed that compared with the control group,the latency in the model group decrease significantly( P 0. 01) and the number of electric shock in the model group increase significantly( P 0. 01). Morris water maze showed that the latency of escape in the model group were longer than the control group( P 0. 01). Western blotting results showed that the expression of p-ERK1 / 2 significantly decreased in the model group and the effect is more pronounced in male mice. Conclusion D-galactose may impair learning and memory ability by inhibiting the expression of p-ERK1 / 2 in hippocampal of mice and the effect is more pronounced in male mice.