The effect of MgO content on the viscosity of blast furnace slag bearing high Al2O3 was studied under laboratory conditions. The viscosity of slag was determined by rotation method. The research results indicate that when the Al2O3 content in blast furnace slag is 17 % -18 %, the MgO content in blast furnace slag should be controlled at 10 %. When the Al2O3 content is 19 %, the MgO content should be controlled at 11 %, and the binary basicity of the slag should be controlled at around 1,10. This type of blast furnace slag has a lower melting point and better fluidity. The purpose of reducing the MgO content in the slag can be achieved by reducing the MgO content in sintered ore, that is, the MgO content in sintered ore should be controlled at 2,0 %-2,5 %.

Equiatomic CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were prepared by vacuum hot-pressing sintering with single phase precursor powders made from mechanical alloying (MA) or spray-drying (SD), respectively. MA process was found beneficial for the following precipitation and formation of secondary phases during sintering, after which multiphase bulk HEAs were formed consisting of FCC, M23C6, and precipitated nanoscale sigma phases. The tensile and compressive yield strengths of bulk HEAs fabricated from MA powders reached 1150 and 1200 MPa, respectively, which were about three times than SD powders. The excellent mechanical properties of the former were found due to the precipitation of nanoscale sigma phase and M23C6 intermetallic resulted from the MA treatment and sintering processing. Nanoscale sigma and M23C6 phase can effectively strengthen the alloy not only by self-reinforcement but also through the grain boundaries of the refined grains induced by the precipitation.

High hydrophobic fSiO 2 – g –PES organic-inorganic composite membranes were prepared by plasma initiated polymerization using different of plasma power. It was confirmed that peroxide free radicals were produced on the surface of p-PES membrane after O 2 plasma treatment and the relative peak area of C=O and –COOH further increased as the radiation power being 150W by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) analysis. More radical p-PES-150 membrane formed on a side surface of a substrate, to the fSiO 2 – g –PES-150 membrane surface by chemical bond SiO 2 many particles, with the chemical bond of SiO 2 may be provided with a solid particle in the PES membrane surface. The plasma induced high energy particle sputtering and chemical etching increased the permeability of the p-PES membranes. Therefore, the permeability of the fSiO 2 – g –PES composite membranes was not significantly lower than the PES membranes. The SiO 2 nano particles fSiO 2 – g –PES-150 composite membrane by surface chemistry Si–O–C chemical bond and PES membrane binding, so, in the long time (120h) of the desulfurization operation, fSiO 2 – g –PES-150 membrane SO 2 absorption flux(AF) (8.36E-4) is higher than that of other membrane.

This paper performs in simulations deep learning (DL) for high quality and high quantitative ultrasonic (US) echo imaging: (i) reduction of multiple echoes (multiple reverberations) and (ii) grading lobe echoes, (iii) separation of multiply crossed waves in US echo images, (iv) US attenuation correction imaging and (v) superresolutioned reflection and scattering imaging. In addition, (vi) segmentations of benign and malignant (cancerous) tumors in breast tissues are also performed. Clinical Relevance- This study about DL suggests the possibility of DL US segmentation for the automatic differential diagnosis about the human in vivo breast tumors in conjunction with the surrounding DL models.

SiC particles (SiCp) reinforced Al matrix composites as the one of the most representative ones in the field of metal matrix composites, and many researches about the enhancement effect of SiCp size on mechanical properties of SiCp/Al composites have mainly focused on the comparison of micron-sized and nano-sized SiCp. In this paper, low-cost submicron-sized SiCp with rare attention was used as novel reinforcements, and the enhancement effect was compared with that of nano-sized SiCp. At the same time, a strategy of oxidation treatment for SiCp is developed in the field of powder metallurgy, and related work has been carried out. Raw submicron-sized SiCp (hereafter named SiCsmp) and raw nano-sized SiCp (hereafter named SiCnp) were calcined at 1100 degrees C. Then, SiCsmp (raw and oxidized) and SiCnp (raw and oxidized) were used as reinforcements to prepare Al matrix composites with different reinforcement content by powder metallurgy. The enhancement effect of raw SiCnp is slightly better than that of raw SiCsmp when the content is below 7 vol%. Although the agglomerations of oxidized SiCp were found owing to increased agglomeration tendency after oxidation treatment for SiCp, the tensile strength of composites were enhanced significantly, especially for SiCnp/Al composites. Furthermore, the ductility of SiCsmp/Al composites was also improved after calcining for SiCsmp and thus excellent comprehensive mechanical properties were obtained.

根据化工原理实验课程具有工程性和社会性的特点,制定出一套切实可行的信息化背景下的化工原理实验教学内容体系,从信息化背景下化工原理实验资源库的构建、信息化背景下的实验课中和课前的有效衔接以及信息化背景下化工原理实验教学改革的实施着力培养学生科学的自主学习方法,进而提高学生的自主学习能力.

开展毕业要求达成度评价是工程教育认证工作的重要内容之一,通过地方本科院校唐山学院化学工程与工艺专业的毕业要求达成度评价实践研究,对如何评价和证明毕业生的毕业要求达成情况的评价机制及具体评价方法进行了探讨,详述了毕业要求指标点达成度的评价过程.结果表明,各指标点达成度均大于0.6,充分反映了该专业毕业生已具备毕业要求所关联的知识与能力.

针对学生在实验中存在的工程语言表述不准确、不规范,工程交流能力差等问题,以培养学生综合表达能力为目的,从教师理念、学生主动性、教学模式、实验报告以及实验预习环节等方面着手对化工原理实验教学进行改革和创新.通过提高教师的自觉性,调动学生的积极性,通过设置"准现场",学生讲解实验、预习答题、小组讨论环节,以小论文的形式书写实验报告等措施,提高了学生整体实践能力,使学生的综合表达能力显著提高.

High elongation aluminum matrix composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared by flake powder metallurgy, and densified by hot extrusion with a high extrusion ratio. After hot extrusion, fine and equiaxed grains were obtained in 2 wt% CNT/Al composite, and interfacial product (Al4C3) as well as bridge-connected CNTs aligned along the extrusion direction were found both in 1 wt% CNT/Al and 2 wt% CNT/Al composites. Both composites obtained high elongation while their strength was enhanced. Especially the elongation of 2 wt% CNT/Al composite is comparable to that of pure Al prepared by the same method, which reached about 30%. The good ductility mainly attributes to firm interfacial combination between CNTs and matrix, fine and equiaxed grains formed by dynamic recrystallization during hot extrusion, and bridge-connected CNTs aligned along the extrusion direction.

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷(PFDTES)为混合Si源,以聚醚砜(PES)为基膜材料,通过真空过滤和热处理工艺制备单侧高疏水氟化SiO2/PES(fSiO2/PES)复合膜.通过ATR-FTIR、XPS、TEM和FESEM等对单侧高疏水fSiO2/PES复合膜进行表征,考察PFDTES修饰量和热处理条件对膜疏水性能的影响,并评价fSiO2/PES复合膜的疏水稳定性能.结果 表明,当PFDTES∶TEOS的质量比为3时,高疏水fSiO2/PES复合膜的疏水性能较好(接触角为131.5°);当热处理温度为100℃,热处理时间为4h时,高疏水fSiO2/PES复合膜表面的接触角为138.9°,且其对不同pH值的溶液都有良好的疏水性能.

A single-sided superhydrophobic fluorinated silica/poly(ether sulfone) (fSiO(2)/PES) membrane for SO2 absorption was prepared by depositing fluorinated silica particles on the top surface of a PES membrane via vacuum-filtration. The effect of the filtration volume of hydrophobic SiO2 sol on the top surface of the PES membrane was studied. The single-sided superhydrophobic fSiO(2)/PES membrane along with an unmodified PES membrane was characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), water contact angle (WCA) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The existence of the hydrophobic SiO2 inorganic layer on the top surface of the PES membrane, applied through silane chemical reactions after vacuum-filtration and heat treatment, was confirmed by the above analyses. The addition of the fSiO(2) inorganic layer not only increased the surface roughness but also reduced the surface free energy, due to hydrophobic 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDTES). The experimental results showed that the presence of the fSiO(2) micro-nano architecture contributed greatly to the hydrophobicity of the single-sided superhydrophobic fSiO(2)/PES membrane, which resulted in a WCA of 155.2 +/- 0.5 degrees. Compared with the PES membrane, the single-sided superhydrophobic PES membrane exhibited weaker mechanical properties, which could be attributable to the inherent brittleness of inorganic materials. The SO2 removal efficiency of the single-sided superhydrophobic fSiO(2)/PES membrane (7.78E-4 mol/m(2)s) was better than that of the PES membrane, which indicated that the single-sided superhydrophobic fSiO(2)/PES membrane is suitable for SO2 absorption in a gas-liquid membrane contactor.

为了探索人工智能在铁矿石品质快速检验中的应用,研究了机器学习算法与化学计量学和X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)相结合快速测定铁矿石中全铁含量的方法.收集来自于不同产地的,主要物相为赤铁矿、褐铁矿、磁铁矿、针铁矿和多物相混和结构的铁矿石样品共1098个作为样本集.采用X射线荧光光谱仪对铁矿石样品熔片进行扫描,扫描后的光谱图提取数据点后作为神经网络的输入,以全铁含量作为输出结果.然后依据X射线衍射(XRD)得到的物相结构优化自组织(SOM)网络,并对全部样本的XRF图谱进行分类,对分类后的每一个子集分别采用反向传播(BP)和径向基函数(RBF)网络建立回归子模型,对各子模型的预测结果进行整合,最终建立基于集成神经网络和X射线荧光光谱法的铁矿石中全铁含量预测模型.方法 模型建立后,不需要额外标准物质建立校准曲线,能够实现对未知样品的分类和输出全铁含量结果.

New 7xxx aluminum alloys with high alloying contents are being designed, which could induce serious hot tearing defects during direct-chill (DC) casting. Among all factors affecting hot tearing of 7xxx alloys, undoubtedly alloying elements play a significant role. In this study, the effect of main alloying elements (Zn, Mg, and Cu) on hot tearing of grain-refined Al- x Zn- y Mg- z Cu alloys was investigated by a dedicated hot tearing rating apparatus simulating the DC-casting process. It was found that the minimum and maximum hot tearing susceptibilities occur for 4 to 6 and 9 wt pct Zn, respectively, indicating the complicated effect of Zn content. The hot tearing resistance of grain-refined Al-9Zn- y Mg- z Cu alloys is enhanced with increasing Mg content but is deteriorated with increasing Cu content. This can be attributed to the interaction of the thermal stresses, melt feeding, and final eutectics. The observed tendencies of the main alloying elements on hot tearing were also confirmed for four commercial 7xxx alloys. In addition, both the load value at non-equilibrium solidus and the SKK criterion proposed by Suyitno et al . using measured load developments were found to be good indicators in predicting hot tearing susceptibility. This study can provide a beneficial guide in designing 7xxx alloys considering the potential occurrence of hot cracks beforehand.

The highly hydrophobic poly(ether sulfone)/fluorinated silica (PES/fSiO2) organic–inorganic composite membrane for sulfur dioxide (SO2) desulfurization was prepared by incorporating the fSiO2 particles on the PES membrane via sol–gel process and fluorination. The formation of PES/fSiO2 organic–inorganic composite membrane was examined by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and water contact angle. The experimental results showed that the fSiO2 inorganic layer was tightly bonded to the PES membrane surface through silane chemical reactions. The incorporation of the fSiO2 inorganic layer on the PES membrane surface increases the surface roughness and reduces the surface free energy because of the hydrophobic dodecafluoroheptyl-propyl-trimethoxysilane. The hydrophobicity of the PES/fSiO2 composite membrane was dramatically enhanced from 78.0° of PES membrane to 128.2° of PES/fSiO2 membrane. Compared with PES membrane, the desulfurization performance of PES/fSiO2 membrane was investigated. PES/fSiO2 organic–inorganic composite membrane indicated a reasonably stable SO2 absorption flux of 7.69E-4 mol/m2 s during the 240-min-long time operation.

气-液膜接触器以其比表面积大、体积小、模块化设计与安装和规模易于放大等优点,有望替代传统的湿法烟气脱硫脱硝装置.本文对气-液膜接触器法烟气脱硫脱硝的研究进行了综述,指出选择与开发高性能的吸收剂、构造合理的气-液膜接触器的结构、优化膜法烟气脱硫脱硝的操作工艺和烟气中同时脱硫脱硝等方面,是气-液膜接触器法烟气脱硫脱硝领域的主要研究方向.

As a heavy rare earth oxide, erbium oxide (Er2O3) has many attractive properties. Monoclinic Er2O3 has useful properties not found in stable cubic Er2O3, such as unique optical properties and high radiation damage tolerance. In this study, pure cubic and mixed phase of cubic and monoclinic Er2O3 coatings were prepared. Photoluminescence properties of these coatings were characterized by a confocal micro-Raman spectrometer equipped with 325, 473, 514, 532, 633 nm lasers, and the influence of microstructure on the fluorescence properties was analyzed in detail. The room temperature fluorescence peaks of cubic Er2O3 were assigned. Furthermore, a novel method for rapid phase identification of Er3+ doped cubic and monoclinic rare earth sesquioxides at room temperature was proposed.

In order to determine the content of trace lead and arsenic in iron ore,the sample was grinded by planetary ball mill.Then it was pre-fused at 800 ℃ followed by fusion at 1 050 ℃ for 5 min.After cooling,the sample was re-fused for 8 min to prepare the stable fuse pieces with low dilution ratio (the mass ratio of sample and flux was 1 ∶ 2).The fluorescence intensity of lead and arsenic in fuse pieces of synthetic sample was scanned with standard-less analysis software.The X-ray fluorescence intensity data obtained under different scanning angles were used as the input of neural network.Meanwhile,the content of lead and arsenic was used as output.The weight and threshold values of network were optimized by genetic algorithm.The spectral overlapping of lead and arsenic in sample of test set was corrected,solving the problem of high background intensity due to low dilution ratio.The root-mean-square error of calibration (RMSEC) for lead and arsenic content in prediction set was 0.39 and 0.42,respectively.The correlation coefficients were both 0.98,which had no significant difference with the theoretical α coefficient regression equation method.

以二甲基乙酰胺为溶剂,聚醚砜(PES)为膜材料,采用浸没沉淀相转化法制备PES膜,研究了多种亲/疏水性的添加剂对PES膜表面结构和耐润湿性能的影响,通过场发射扫描电子显微镜和接触角测定仪对不同种类添加剂的PES膜进行袁征.结果表明,以疏水性添加剂所形成的膜表皮层致密、基底侧开孔较小并且较为粗糙,以辛醇为添加剂的PES膜的接触角为105.4°.亲水性添加剂聚乙二醇-400、乙二醇和丙三醇制得的PES膜的机械性能有所降低,拉伸强度从5.25MPa分别降低到3.14、3.94和3.71MPa.

The effect of Zn addition on the hot tearing susceptibilities of non-refined Al-xZn-2Mg-2Cu (x = 2-12 wt pct) alloys was investigated via direct crack observations and load response measurements. The obtained experimental results were compared with the predictions made using a modified Rappaz–Drezet–Gremaud (RDG) hot tearing model. Both the minimum crack width and load at the non-equilibrium solidus (NES) temperature (which served as a good indicator of hot tearing response) were observed at a Zn concentration of approximately 4 wt pct, and the formation of cracks was highly correlated with the predictions made via the modified RDG hot tearing model (although the obtained relationship critically depended on the magnitude of fraction solid at which solid coalescence was expected to occur). Furthermore, it was confirmed from the load development pattern that the addition of Zn into the matrix of Al-xZn-2Mg-2Cu alloys promoted the formation of coalesced networks, which decreased their corresponding coalescence fraction solids.