Cold maceration (CM) is widely applied in winemaking to improve wine aroma and overall quality. However, more efficient CM techniques for industrial-scale winemaking are still needed. This study examined the impact of CM with indigenous cryotolerant Metschnikowia pulcherrima Mp0520 (Mp-CM) on the Muscat wine aromatic characteristics. The results demonstrated a significant divergence in the types and concentrations of aroma compounds between Mp-CM wine and the control. The Mp-CM wine exhibited a significantly higher terpenes content, resulting in a Muscat wine characterized by terpenes, compared to the control predominated by esters. Additionally, the Mp-CM wine demonstrated elevated levels of α-terpineol and terpinolene, potentially enhancing the varietal aroma stability of Muscat wine. Furthermore, Mp-CM gave Muscat wine a heightened fruity aroma and a more complex aroma. These findings suggested that the Mp-CM utilized in this study offered promising avenues for enhancing the variety aroma characteristics of Muscat wine on large scale winemaking.

Fruit shape and size are important appearance and yield traits in cucumber, but the underlying genes and their regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we identified a mutant with spherical fruits from an Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized library, named the qiu mutant. Compared with the cylindrical fruit shape in 32X (wild type), the fruit shape in qiu was round due to reduced fruit length and increased fruit diameter. MutMap analysis narrowed the candidate gene in the 6.47 MB range on Chr2, harboring the FS2.1 locus reported previously. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (11359603) causing a truncated protein of CsaV3_2G013800, the homolog of tomato fruit shape gene SlTRM5, may underlie the fruit shape variation in the qiu mutant. Knockout of CsTRM5 by the CRISPR-Cas9 system confirmed that CsaV3_2G013800/CsTRM5 was the causal gene responsible for qiu. Sectioning analysis showed that the spherical fruit in qiu resulted mainly from increased and reduced cell division along the transverse and longitudinal directions, respectively. Meanwhile, the repressed cell expansion contributed to the decreased fruit length in qiu. Transcriptome profiling showed that the expression levels of cell-wall-related genes and abscisic acid (ABA) pathway genes were significantly upregulated in qiu. Hormone measurements indicated that ABA content was greatly increased in the qiu mutant. Exogenous ABA application reduced fruit elongation by inhibiting cell expansion in cucumber. Taken together, these data suggest that CsTRM5 regulates fruit shape by affecting cell division direction and cell expansion, and that ABA participates in the CsTRM5-mediated cell expansion during fruit elongation in cucumber.

Corolla opening is essential for the propagation of unisexual flowering plants,meanwhile commodity fruits with opening corolla have higher commodity value in cucumber fresh food market.Until now,there is little research on the mechanism of corolla opening in cucumber.In a previous paper,we identified a unique cucumber(Cucumis sativus)line('6457')that possesses super ovaries and shows delayed corolla opening when nutrient supplies are abundant.We also previously showed that the expression of CsIPT1b(isopentenyl transferase)and CsUGT85A2(cytokinin glycosyltransferase)is correlated with the delayed opening of the female corolla.Here,we investigated the mechanism of delayed female corolla opening in cucumber by conducting transgenic experiments,hormone assays,and yeast one-hybrid assays.CsIPT1b and CsUGT85A2 positively and negatively regulated delayed female corolla opening,respectively.In CsIPT1b-overexpressing plants and CsUGT85A2 knockout plants,the content of the trans-zeatin riboside,trans-zeatin,and N6-isopentenyladenosine was increased.Overall,our findings indicate that CsIPT1b and CsUGT85A2 were important regulators of the timing of female corolla opening.These genes could thus be targets to cucumber molecular breeding of fruit with flowers remaining on the tip.

以国内外搜集的100份黄瓜资源为试材,对商品瓜的单瓜重、瓜长、瓜横径、瓜把长、中心腔横径、瓜心室数、可溶性固形物含量7个品质性状进行主成分和聚类分析,选出特征根累计贡献率为93.9087％的前4个主成分,在主成分分析的基础上,对100份黄瓜种质资源进行聚类分析,将其分为四大类群:第1类为短果型,共38份;第2类为短果优质型,共26份;第3类为长果型,共19份;第四类为多心室型,共17份.该研究为黄瓜优质新品种选育奠定了材料基础.

建立准确灵敏的黄瓜涩味感官评价体系,是筛选口感品质优良的黄瓜种质资源的基础.通过比较不同品尝部位、不同切分方法以及切分后样品不同放置时间对黄瓜涩味感官评价影响程度,确定黄瓜涩味感官评价操作方法.并应用此法对228份黄瓜种质资源进行感官评价以检验此方法的有效性和区分度.结果表明,果皮处涩感显著强于果实中心腔处.扇形瓜条切分法相比切片法、切除瓜把法更能减少涩味物质的流失,有助于评价员感知黄瓜涩味,相对更灵敏.另外,结果显示随着切分后停置时间延长涩味有降低趋势.综上所述,黄瓜涩味口感评价操作体系为采用扇形瓜条切分法切分商品瓜,放置1 min,用舌尖舔触果实扇形横切面的果皮处溢出的汁液并感知涩度.利用该方法对黄瓜种质资源进行评价,筛选出低涩资源6份,强涩资源9份.

花药培养是一种快速获得单倍体植株的常规技术,是培育新品种的重要手段[1],采用花药离体培养技术,可以快速培育纯合系,提高选择效率,加速杂种后代选择,创制新材料新种质.此外,花药愈伤组织和胚状体是转基因主要受体材料,可以有效地促进转化,提高获得转基因植物的成功率[2].

以黄瓜皱叶突变体lc及其野生型自交系乐亭白黄瓜为试材,研究其主要农艺性状、叶绿素含量、光合特性、表皮细胞形状、叶肉细胞排列和遗传规律.与野生型相比,突变体lc表现为叶片皱缩、叶形改变、叶基部沿凹陷处紧靠拢、株型紧凑、植株长势正常.突变体叶绿素a含量显著高于野生型,达15.2％,而二者之间叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素c和叶绿素a/b的含量均无显著差异;皱叶突变体的Pn和Tr显著高于野生型,分别提高28.4％和30.4％,Gs极显著高于野生型,提高38.6％,二者间Ci差异不显著.遗传规律分析表明,皱叶突变表型由单隐性核基因控制,命名为Cslc.

'Corollas and spines' is an important trait for fresh market cucumber. In a unique cucumber line, '6457', the super ovary is much larger and corolla opening is delayed by 4–5 days, thus the resulting fruit has a flower that remains on the tip, which has a high commodity value. In this study, to better understand the molecular basis of corolla opening, mRNA and miRNA transcriptome analyses were performed during corolla development of the super and normal ovaries. A total of 234 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and 291 differentially expressed target genes (DE-target genes) were identified from four developmental stages, and the greatest number of DEMs was found at the yellow bud stage. Thirty of the DE-target genes were regulated by more than five DEMs, among which, CsHD-Zip was regulated by 28 DEMs, followed by DD2X (18). In addition, the expression patterns of miRNA_104, miRNA_157, miRNA_349, miRNA_242, and miRNA_98 were similar during corolla development, and they shared the same target gene, CsCuRX. Moreover, several critical candidate DEMs and DE-target genes were characterized and profiled by a qRT-PCR experiment. Three of the miRNAs, miRNA_157-CsCuRX, miRNA_411-CsGH3.6, and miRNA_161/297/257-CsHD-Zip, might be responsible for corolla opening in the cucumber super ovary. This integrated study on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional profiles can provide insights into the molecular regulatory mechanism underlying corolla opening in the cucumber.