Excessive hydrogen sulfide (H2S) causes serious damage to human organs and tissues. In this study, we aimed to explore the role and underlying mechanism of excessive H2S in brain and lung tissues. A H2S concentration of 100–800 pm promotes apoptosis and inflammation of brain and lung cells in ICR mice. Mechanistically, a H2S concentration of 100–800 pm upregulates PARP1 and Bax expression in a dose-dependent manner in vivo and in vitro, and functional gain-and-loss experiments verified that an excessive amount of H2S plays a pro-apoptotic role in HT22 and MML1 cells via regulation of PARP1 and Bax in vitro. By combining animal and cell experiments, we clarified that excess H2S promotes the inflammatory response of mouse brain and lung cells by promoting the expression of C9. In addition, the downregulation of LAMB1 by an excessive H2S concentration was confirmed using mass spectrometry and western blotting in vivo and in vitro. Combined with in vitro experiments, we found that an excessive H2S concentration promotes the expression of STAT1 and EGFR in HT22 and MML1 cells by inhibiting the expression of LAMB1. In summary, 100–800 pm H2S causes the brain and lung tissue damage in ICR mice, the underlying mechanisms include H2S induced apoptosis and inflammation of mouse brain and lung cells by upregulation of PARP1/Bax and C9, respectively, and H2S might induce fibrosis of mouse brain and lung cells by downregulation of LAMB1.

Arsenic (As) and its compounds are widely used in many applications. Long-term exposure to As can cause acute and chronic poisoning. In severe cases, it can lead to adverse effects, such as gene mutation, cell cancer and fetal malformation. The objective of this study was to accurately estimate As exposure frequency and time. Quantitative analysis of As in single hairs obtained from APL (acute promyelocytic leukemia) patients treated with As2O3 was performed by LA-ICP-MS. An informative As concentration distribution profile of single hair was applied to estimate the As exposure frequency and time. As exposure frequency was estimated according to the number of As concentration peaks. As exposure time was estimated according to the hair growth length in combination with the hair growth rate. The validation results demonstrate that this method was more efficient than the traditional method; compared with the traditional method, which provides estimates in months, our model shortened the As exposure time estimate to the range of a few days, which considerably improved the inference accuracy. Therefore, these results can be used for forensic toxicology studies, environmental exposure monitoring, etc.

1 案 例 1.1 简要案情 瞿某、祝某等人自2016年8月起以回填鱼塘为由,接受了来自某城市市区的垃圾在某村进行鱼塘回填.当时垃圾倾倒区可见塑料袋、编织袋等混合垃圾,并有渗滤液浸出.在对垃圾填埋区进行表层覆土后,当地群众自行在上面种植了林木和作物.鱼塘回填垃圾过程中产生的噪声及恶臭等环境问题,引起当地群众不满并举报至政府.受当地政府委托,现对垃圾填埋造成的土壤与地下水环境损害进行鉴定.