Проблемы старения населения и возрастания нагрузки на лиц, ухаживающих за родственниками, актуальны как в зарубежных странах, так и в России. На основе данных проведенного в 2020 г. обследования «Человек, семья и общество» нами представлен анализ влияния ухода за родственниками на возможности занятости и материальное положение домохозяйств, в которых есть ухаживающие лица. Среди лиц в возрасте от 18 до 72 лет более 20 % имеют родственников, нуждающихся в уходе, и примерно половина имеющих таких родственников ухаживает за ними лично. Среди ухаживающих более 10 % ощутили, что осуществляемый ими уход негативно сказался на их занятости и привел либо к вынужденному увольнению, либо к сокращению часов работы. Следствием становятся ухудшение материального положения в домохозяйствах, высокие риски малообеспеченности, бедности и крайней бедности, низкие среднедушевые доходы и уменьшение сбережений. Регрессионный анализ показал, что вероятность ухаживающих лиц уволиться с работы или сократить часы работы в связи с уходом сокращается, если другие родственники также помогают в уходе, и возрастает, если требуется интенсивный уход, а также если пожилой родственник с трудом может передвигаться по дому, не имеет возможности самостоятельно купить продукты и приготовить себе еду, его с трудом можно оставить без присмотра в течение дня. Помимо этого, вероятность негативного влияния на занятость выше у более возрастных респондентов и у лиц, проживающих в столицах регионов. Увольнение или сокращение часов работы в связи с уходом снижает среднедушевые доходы в среднем на четверть. Участие социального работника или сиделки в уходе увеличивает среднедушевые доходы респондента в среднем на 9 %.

The problems of population aging and the increasing burden on people caring for relatives are relevant both for foreign countries and for Russia. This article presents an analysis of the impact of providing long term care on the employ- ment opportunities and financial situation of households with caregivers. The data of the survey 'Person, family and society' conducted in 2020 provides the basis of the analysis. More than 20 % of respondents in the aged 18 to 72 have relatives in need of care, and about half of those who have such relatives take care of them. More than 10 % of carers feel that their caregiving has a negative impact on their employment and has led to the involuntary dismissal or the reduction of working time. As a result, the material situation in such households worsened and the risks of low income, fewer savings, poverty, and extreme poverty increased. Regression analysis shows that the probability that carers might quit their jobs or reduce their work hours due to caregiving decreases if other relatives assist with care, and increases if intensive care is required, or older relatives have difficulty moving around the house, cannot buy grocer- ies or cook, or can hardly be left alone during the day. In addition, older age and living in regional capital cities increase a negative impact of care on employment. Dismissal or reduction of time worked due to caregiving reduces the average per capita income of careers by 25 %. If a social worker or a nurse assists with care the caregiver's average per capita income increases by 9 %.

Families with children can receive monthly payments of a substantial amount (from 50% to 100% of the child’s subsistence minimum). In January 2023, a unified benefit for children was introduced, extending to all categories of the child population the rules of monthly payments provided to low-income families with children aged 3–7 and 8–17. Based on 5 waves of telephone surveys conducted by RANEPA in the period from October 2021 to November 2022, as well as an analysis of comments from Internet sources, the article analyzes the risk of poverty for families with children from 3 to 17 years of age, accessibility of social support, coverage and effectiveness of monthly payments for children aged 3–17. It is shown that households with children aged 3–17 have 1.5 times higher risk of poverty that rises with an increase in the number of children, as well as in the presence of the unemployed, and living in rural areas. By the end of 2022, more than 20% of households with children of this age were covered by payments in question, among families with 3 and more children — 47%. At the same time, less than half of poor households with children aged 3–17 are covered by these payments. Due to provision of payments, the share of poor households decreased in November 2022 by 1.18 times. Several factors remain, which lead to significant exclusion errors that reduces the impact of the monthly payments on poverty. When switching to the unified benefit for children from 0 to 17 years of age, it is important to take into account the experience of providing support for children aged 3–7 and 8–17 in order to make timely adjustments that will increase the coverage of needy families and raise the impact of the benefit on poverty.

The influence of social protection system on the poverty level in the regions of Russia was a key question of the article. The regression analysis was carried out using panel data describing the characteristics of the Russian regions from 2013 to 2020. The analysis showed that the regional poverty level may be reduced by the wage increase, scaling up of social transfers and region expenditures for the poor, the increase in the amount of the of regional universal child allowances, the rise of the amount and the coverage of monthly allowance for a child from a poor family, as well as the growth in the amount of benefit to labor veterans. A broader coverage and a higher level of targeted support measures can make a greater contribution to the poverty reduction. At the same time, the increased provision of labor veterans' benefits for the elderly and social allowances for honorary citizens does not have a significant impact on the region poverty level. The results obtained may be additional argument in favor of improving targeting of social support to reduce the regional poverty in Russia. At the same time, it is important to minimize the exclusion errors in targeted social protection programs.

The paper analyzes the changes in the financial situation of families with children during the pandemic of COVID-19 and the introduction of new eligibility criteria for monthly payments to children aged from 3 to 7 years. The study is based on data from telephone monitoring surveys, representative for the Russian Federation, conducted by RANEPA in October and December 2020, February, May, October, and December 2021. The sample sizes range from 1606 to 2015 people. The results of the study show that the coronavirus epidemic has a negative impact on the financial situation of families with children. The share of poor families receiving social benefits to children aged 3 to 7 years has decreased following the introduction of additional eligibility criteria in 2021. Less than half of poor families with children of this age receive these payments. The benefit coverage decreased significantly among the families with unemployed people — by 2 times. The share of families with self-employed workers, receiving such benefits, has decreased by 2.3 times. As a result of the benefit increase, the share of families with children aged 3-7 years lifted out of poverty has grown by more than two times, but more than 60% of recipients remain monetary poor. This indicates that improvement of eligibility criteria and procedure for determining the level of social benefits are very important.

This paper presents the results of an analysis of in-depth interviews with people caring for their elderly relatives.

According to New Governance Theory, the task of increasing the efficiency of social services for older people requires the development of a non-profit sector of social services, as well as an intersectoral collaboration in this area. The purpose of this article is to study the institutional barriers and opportunities for the development of the non-profit sector of social services for senior citizens. The analysis was based on forty-three interviews with representatives of non-governmental organizations providing stationary and home-based social services for the elderly. For the study, eight regions were selected in which the capitals of the federal districts are located. Thus, the sample covers all federal districts of the Russian Federation. During the analysis, the main barriers to the development of the sector were identified: low interest on the part of the regional authorities, low level of interaction within the sector, personnel and property problems, and the tax burden. NPOs can be partners of the state, successfully coping with the functions of social service providers, but the study shows that the development of the sector requires a number of additional steps on the part of the state. In particular, this includes the introduction of certificates in the field of social services, providing access to staff training in new professional standards, financial support for bringing buildings to the required state for in-patient social services, the inclusion of non-state providers in the system of interagency cooperation, and the provision of tax benefits. Based on the results of the study, recommendations are made for the authorities on the development of the non -governmental sector of social services.

The report presents an analysis of the development of the social support system in Russia, the results of a study of the dynamics of poverty in terms of various approaches to its measurement. It is noted that in the modern world for a comprehensive and objective assessment of various manifestations of poverty, it is necessary to combine different approaches. Both statistical observation and social protection systems are moving towards convergence and a combination of approaches to broaden the understanding of the nature of poverty and make political decisions, including increasing the coverage of those in need. he experience of other countries shows that taking into account multidimensional poverty first of all requires the creation of an information and analytical base. In Russia, the social register of recipients of social assistance with information about the applicant and all members of the applicant's household, various sources of their income and property, their social status on the basis of existing information resources association should become the informational, analytical and regulatory basis for analyzing poverty and enhancing targeted social support.

The report presents an analysis of the development of the social support system in Russia, the results of a study of the dynamics of poverty in terms of various approaches to its measurement. It is noted that in the modern world for a comprehensive and objective assessment of various manifestations of poverty, it is necessary to combine different approaches. Both statistical observation and social protection systems are moving towards convergence and a combination of approaches to broaden the understanding of the nature of poverty and make political decisions, including increasing the coverage of those in need. he experience of other countries shows that taking into account multidimensional poverty first of all requires the creation of an information and analytical base. In Russia, the social register of recipients of social assistance with information about the applicant and all members of the applicant's household, various sources of their income and property, their social status on the basis of existing information resources association should become the informational, analytical and regulatory basis for analyzing poverty and enhancing targeted social support.

Russian Abstract: В работе представлены результаты комплексной оценки текущего этапа социального развития, выполненной по результатам мониторинга социально-экономического положения и самочувствия населения России в период с января 2015 г. по май 2016 г. Исследованы изменения ключевых макроэкономических показателей, проведен анализ изменения цен и оборота розничной торговли, рассмотрена ситуация на рынке труда и миграционная ситуация. С использованием инструментов статистического анализа и социологического мониторинга были исследованы представления населения о масштабах кризиса и степени его влияния на социальное самочувствие, а также на выбор стратегий адаптационного поведения. Отдельное внимание уделено изменениям социально-экономической ситуации в регионах, в том числе и региональным системам социальной защиты населения.

The article presents an analysis of the results of experts` interviews with the directors of the social welfare institutions (education, health, culture, social services) related to the independent assessment of the quality of social services; the survey was conducted by the Institute for Social Analysis and Prediction in two pilot regions (Permsky kray and Samara region) in 2014. Since being introduced in January 2015, the institute of independent quality assessment has been formalized in legislation but still remains unappreciated among many directors of social institutions that caused concerns. Nevertheless, the first attempts to introduce the quality assessment revealed a number of weaknesses in rendering social services such as the lack of information needed to introduce innovations, lagging methodology, raw assessment criteria, improper use of various forms of assessment, not paying enough attention to different types of institutions, nominal existence of certain social councils, and lack of capacities to change the service terms and conditions. Most of these risks were eliminated in a new law, however, due to poor methodology and lack of competence shared by social councils a new risk arose; this risk may distort the basic idea making a formality of it and will not bring any positive changes for the recipients of services. At the same time, the heads of public institutions recognize that the existence of an independent assessment body can be beneficial both for the institutions and for the public. It will help the institutions revealing things not seen from inside, and it will have positive social effects given that the system of assessment is objective and its results are used to improve the quality of services.