以工业级脉冲折流板萃取柱为研究对象,建立了液液两相流体C FD数学模型,利用C FD模型研究了分散相持液量、轴向扩散、湍流耗散率以及板间距对萃取柱的影响.结果表明:C FD模型预测的持液量与实验所测结果吻合良好,所建立的C FD模型有效,且C FD模型的持液量较经验公式预测结果更为准确.萃取柱轴向扩散系数随脉冲强度的增大而增大,在工程应用中脉冲强度不易过高.同时相比于分散相速度,连续相速度对轴向扩散系数的影响更大.利用CFD模型对Kummar提出的湍流耗散率经验公式常数进行了修正,常数修正为0.81,从而提高了计算结果的准确性.最后对比了不同板间距萃取柱水力学计算结果,发现萃取柱在工程设计时选取50 mm板间距更为合理.

通过分析研究Monel400镍铜合金焊接方法和焊接参数,确定采用手工钨极氩弧焊,填充材料为国际钛合金公司Monel60(φ2.4mm),钨极直径应选为3.2mm,层间温度控制在100～150℃,氩气气体流量控制在8～12L/min,焊机喷口直径应选为12mm,焊接电流控制在155～175A,电弧电压控制在14～20V,焊接速度控制在25～75mm/min;通过该工艺参数,可有效地避免Monel400镍铜合金焊接过程中出现的裂纹和气孔.焊缝经过100％X射线检测,达到I级指标要求,焊接接头的抗拉强度相当于母材强度的96.6％,焊接接头弯曲(面弯、背弯)180°后均未发现裂纹产生.

以脉冲筛板柱为研究对象,分别研究了含铀废液在不同铀浓度、酸度和流比条件下的萃取效果,以及该系统的纯化效果.结果表明,萃余水中铀浓度随萃取剂中铀浓度的增加而增加,当萃原液铀浓度控制在120 mg/L以下时,萃余水中铀浓度小于10 mg/L,酸度的增加有利于提高萃取效率,同时,酸度在1.0～1.5 mol/L之间有利于生产.萃原液与萃取剂的最佳流比为1:2.光谱分析结果表明脉冲筛板柱除杂效果明显,产品质量满足工艺要求.

With more production and application of ion-exchange fibers (IEFs), it becomes necessary to understand the interaction between IEFs and amine compounds, an important group of organic drugs and structural components of large organic molecules in biological systems. However, so far few experimental studies have been conducted to systematically investigate the exchanging mechanism of amine compounds to IEFs. Therefore, 15 amine drugs were selected to investigate the effect of amine type on the loading and release of them from the related IEFs. Loading affinity of these drugs by IEFs decreased in the order of secondary, tertiary, and primary. The following items: basicity, aromaticity, molar volume, rotatability, and so on, were emphatically discussed to address the underlying mechanism of drug loading and releasing extent and rate of IEFs. It was evident that strong alkaline drugs strengthened the ionic bond between the amine groups and IEFs, and thus the loading affinity. These results will advance the understanding of the exchanging behavior of IEFs in the drug delivery system.

The objective of this study was to investigate the drug loading, release and iontophoretic characteristics of strong acidic ion-exchange fiber, using tramadol hydrochloride as a model drug. The complex of charged model drug and ion-exchange fiber was studied as a new approach to achieve controlled drug delivery. Structural characterization of the fiber was elucidated through different approaches including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). And the mechanism of drug binding into ion-exchange fibers was validated to be ion-exchange. The drug loading into and release from ion-exchange fiber were affected by the concentration, volume and valence of the counter-ions in the external solution. Iontophoresis could significantly increase the delivery rate and amount of transdermal drug, and the iontophoretic dose could be easily controlled by adjusting the current intensity and the amount of release medium. The tramadol could be steadily released both from the drug-loaded fiber and drug solution when applied the iontophoretic method, which was in disagreement with the previous publications. As a drug reservoir, ion-exchange fiber has good regularity of drug loading, release and iontophoretic characteristics.

To investigate theological properties of common hydrophilic gel excipients such as Carbopol based on viscosity, the viscosity was determined by rotation method and falling-ball method. Linear regression was made between ln(eta) and concentration, the slope of which was used to explore the relation between viscosity and concentration of different excipients. The viscosity flow active energy (E(eta)) was calculated according to Arrhenius equation and was used to investigate the relation between viscosity and temperature of different excipients. The results showed that viscosities measured by two methods were consistent. Concentration of guargum (GG) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) solution had a great influence on the viscosity, k > 5; while concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone-K30 (PVP-K30) and polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) exerted a less effect on viscosity, k < 0.2; viscosity flow active energy of different excipients were close, which ranged from 30 to 40 kJ x mol(-1). Therefore, theological properties study could provide the basis for application of excipients and establish a foundation for the research of relation between excipients structure, property and function.