为了解目前榴莲研究热点和趋势,采用文献计量学和可视化分析学相结合的方法,在Web of Science数据库检索2009-2020年收录的榴莲相关论文,分析来源期刊、主要研究机构、关键词等.结果表明,检索出相关论文345篇,绝大部分为英文文献,马来西亚发文量最多,第一作者中以Mirhosseini H发文量最多,来源期刊以Food Chemistry发文量最多,发文机构以Universi-ty Putra Malaysia发文量最多.近12年来研究热点包括酸性、优化、吸收性、榴莲壳等.说明近年来,学者对榴莲从多学科多领域开展广泛研究,涉及基础研究较多.

Pitaya (Hylocereus genus) is a popular plant with exotic and nutritious fruit, which has widespread uses as a source of nutrients and raw materials in the pharmaceutical industry. However, the potential of pitaya peel as a natural source of bioactive compounds has not yet fully been explored. Recent advances in metabolomics have paved the way for understanding and evaluating the presence of diverse sets of metabolites in different plant parts. This study is aimed at exploring the diversity of primary and secondary metabolites in two commercial varieties of pitaya, i.e., green pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) and red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus). A total of 433 metabolites were identified using a widely targeted metabolomic approach and classified into nine known diverse classes of metabolites, including flavonoids, amino acids and its derivatives, alkaloids, tannins, phenolic acids, organic acids, nucleotides and derivatives, lipids, and lignans. Red pitaya peel and pulp showed relatively high accumulation of metabolites viz. alkaloids, amino acids and its derivatives, and lipids. Differential metabolite landscape of pitaya fruit indicated the presence of key bioactive compounds, i.e., L-tyrosine, L-valine, DL-norvaline, tryptophan, γ-linolenic acid, and isorhamnetin 3-O-neohesperidoside. The findings in this study provide new insight into the broad spectrum of bioactive compounds of red and green pitaya, emphasizing the valorization of the biowaste pitaya peel as raw material for the pharmaceutical and food industries.

Land degradation due to soil salinity and sodicity is a serious concern in arid ecosystems. Despite the importance of conservation tillage in carbon sequestration and improving soil properties, its effect on saline-sodic soils under amendment application remains unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the combined effects of inorganic (sulfuric acid and gypsum) and organic (vermicompost) soil amendments and tillage systems (zero, reduced and deep tillage) on saline-sodic soil properties and wheat productivity. Deep tillage with vermicompost application significantly improved soil physical and chemical properties compared with control. Interestingly, integration between deep tillage and vermicompost decreased soil salinity and sodicity by 37% and 34%, respectively, compared with zero tillage and unamended soils. The application of vermicompost surpassed chemical amendments in the improvement of saline-sodic soils and consequently increased the growth and yield of wheat, provided that deep tillage was used as a suitable tillage system. Although deep tillage reduced soil organic carbon, application of vermicompost not only compensated this reduction, but also significantly increased soil organic carbon. This confirms the potential of combined deep tillage and vermicompost as a method for environmentally reclaiming saline-sodic soils.

BACKGROUND:Elucidating the candidate genes and key metabolites responsible for pulp and peel coloration is essential for breeding pitaya fruit with new and improved appeal and high nutritional value. Here, we used transcriptome (RNA-Seq) and metabolome analysis (UPLC-MS/MS) to identify structural and regulatory genes and key metabolites associated with peel and pulp colors in three pitaya fruit types belonging to two different Hylocereus species.RESULT:Our combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses suggest that the main strategy for obtaining red color is to increase tyrosine content for downstream steps in the betalain pathway. The upregulation of CYP76ADs is proposed as the color-breaking step leading to red or colorless pulp under the regulation by WRKY44 transcription factor. Supported by the differential accumulation of anthocyanin metabolites in red pulped pitaya fruit, our results showed the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in addition to betalain biosynthesis. However, no color-breaking step for the development of anthocyanins in red pulp was observed and no biosynthesis of anthocyanins in white pulp was found. Together, we propose that red pitaya pulp color is under the strict regulation of CYP76ADs by WRKYs and the anthocyanin coexistence with betalains is unneglectable. We ruled out the possibility of yellow peel color formation due to anthocyanins because of no differential regulation of chalcone synthase genes between yellow and green and no detection of naringenin chalcone in the metabolome. Similarly, the no differential regulation of key genes in the carotenoid pathway controlling yellow pigments proposed that the carotenoid pathway is not involved in yellow peel color formation.CONCLUSIONS:Together, our results propose several candidate genes and metabolites controlling a single horticultural attribute i.e. color formation for further functional characterization. This study presents useful genomic resources and information for breeding pitaya fruit with commercially attractive peel and pulp colors. These findings will greatly complement the existing knowledge on the biosynthesis of natural pigments for their applications in food and health industry.

To elucidate the effects of different fertilization formula on quality of mango fruit and soil fertility, taking the cultivar ‘Guifei' as materials, 3 fertilization treatments with different application rate of chemical fertilizer combining with organic manure were carried out. The results showed that compared with chemical fertilizer(CK), T1 and T2 increased total soluble solid by 12.0% to 22.1%, increased vitamin C by 8.5% to 28.5%, increased TSS-acid ratio by 94.4% to 107.5%, and reduced total titration acid by 41.2% to 42.4%. Meanwhile, two treatments increased the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, electrical conductivity, and increased the value of p H, soil fertility was improved significantly. The study suggested that T2 treatment(organic manure 5.0 kg + urea 385 g + calcium superphosphate 350 g + high potassium compound fertilizer 700 g per plant) was a rational management for fruit quality and soil fertility.

Anthurium is popular as both a flowering potted-plant and a cut-flower crop. Recent years in China, anthurium industry showed a rapid expansion, has evolved into one of the major producing regions and consuming market. The dramatical needs for diverse anthurium varieties attracted more researches that performed on the localized breeding. This paper summarizes the advances of anthurium breeding, that based on the methods of crossing, mutagenesis and ploidy manipulations, the existing problems and expectation are also discussed, all of which will provide useful information for the researches on anthurium breeding.