In order to explore the difference in fruit quality between Hainan domesticated durian variety Zhongre No. 1 and other main commercial varieties, this experiment used the difference significance analysis to compare 10 appearance quality, 5 nutritional quality and 8 mineral quality indexes of 11 durian varieties, and the principal component analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method were used for comprehensive evaluation. Correlation analysis showed that pulp weight and fruit longitudinal diameter were the most relevant indicators of fruit appearance quality with durian internal quality. Through the PCA of 23 indexes, five principal components were extracted，of which the contribution rates of principal component 1 and principal component 2 were 33.344% and 19.889%, respectively. The "fruit size" (single fruit weight, fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit transverse diameter, pulp weight), K、Zn content in principal component 1, and Mg、Ca content in principal component 2 were the main indicators in durian variety evaluation. The comprehensive scores of durian variety quality indicators were as follows from large to small: Zhongre No. 1, Sultan King, Kang Yaojin, Jianghai, Hulu King, Musang King, Black Thorn, Tomani, Suzaku, D101, and Fire Phoenix. To summarize, Zhongre No.1 and Kang Yaojin had good appearance quality and high contents of K and Zn elements, Jianghai and Sultan King had high contents of Mg and Ca elements, Black Thorn and D101 had good nutritional quality, all of them could be introduced as excellent durian germplasm resources. "Fruit size" and Mg, Ca mineral elements content were the key indexes to evaluate the comprehensive quality of durian, which provided a reference basis for the quality screening and identification of durian varieties.

为了解目前榴莲研究热点和趋势,采用文献计量学和可视化分析学相结合的方法,在Web of Science数据库检索2009-2020年收录的榴莲相关论文,分析来源期刊、主要研究机构、关键词等.结果表明,检索出相关论文345篇,绝大部分为英文文献,马来西亚发文量最多,第一作者中以Mirhosseini H发文量最多,来源期刊以Food Chemistry发文量最多,发文机构以Universi-ty Putra Malaysia发文量最多.近12年来研究热点包括酸性、优化、吸收性、榴莲壳等.说明近年来,学者对榴莲从多学科多领域开展广泛研究,涉及基础研究较多.

为研究山栏稻对白叶枯病抗性,本试验以17个山栏稻品种为材料,在大田与温室大棚中同时种植,于大田中观察山栏稻在水、旱两种栽培模式下对海口当地白叶枯病菌的自然抗性并测产;在温室中检测水、旱两种栽培模式下山栏稻对菲律宾白叶枯病菌小种PXO99(P6)、PX145(P7)的抗性;并以基因功能性标记检测其抗性基因,分析各指标与抗病性的关系.结果 表明,大田环境下17个供试品种中有12个品种在水作栽培模式下感病指数高于旱作,有10个品种水作栽培模式下产量比旱作高.温室中用P6接种山栏稻,水作模式下仅有1个品种表现抗病,8个品种感病;旱作模式下2个品种表现抗病,3个品种感病.接种P7,水作时表现抗病和感病的品种数量分别为7个和2个;旱作时表现抗病的品种高达9个,仅1个品种感病.供试品种中有16个品种含有Xa1抗病基因,4个品种含有Xa27抗病基因,所有品种均不合xa13、Xa21抗病基因.因此认为,山栏稻对海口当地白叶枯病菌小种以及菲律宾白叶枯病菌小种都有一定抗性,且抗性受栽培条件的影响,山栏稻旱作时抗性强于水作.