Самарский государственный технический университет 443100, Россия, Самара, ул.Молодогвардейская, д

The paper discusses the psychological and pedagogical aspects of the process of professional competence development of technical university students, associated with the increase in the requirements of employers to the portfolio of professional competencies of modern specialists. The authors discuss the problem of improving teaching methods and techniques; modernization of organizational forms and educational and methodological support for the professional competence development of technical university students on the example of the Heat and Power faculty of SamSTU. The paper stimulates a discussion about professional competencies, active and interactive teaching methods aimed at developing the ability of technical university students for self-development and self-study in order to effectively implement possible scenarios for their professional development trajectory. The aim of the study is to develop methodological recommendations to enhance the professional competence of students of the Heat and Power Faculty of Samara State Technical University, involving the use of modern educational approaches and improving the methodology for individualizing education at a technical university. The results of the study are achieved by solving the following tasks: conducting expert surveys (respondents: teachers and university students) to determine the most effective teaching methods; creating methodological materials. This study was carried out in several stages. Tasks of the theoretical stage include the analysis of the psychological and pedagogical aspects of the implementation of methods and organizational forms that ensure the effective formation of professional competence of students of a technical university. Tasks of the diagnostic stage of the study are conducting a questionnaire survey of students in order to assess the importance of the competencies necessary for successful professional activity; conducting a questionnaire survey of students and an expert survey of teachers in order to assess the significance of methods, methodological support and organizational forms of education at a technical university. The paper presents the results of surveys of students of the Heat and Power Faculty of Samara State Technical University and university teachers (2021-2023). The respondents of the expert survey were students of the advanced training program Management of the educational process: psychological and pedagogical competence of a technical university teacher and the retraining program Teacher of higher education of SamSTU Institute of Extended Education. The following methods were used in the study: expert survey, observation, questioning. The perspective of the research is the modernization of the methodology of individualization of education and educational and methodological support for the professional competence development of technical university students.

In the context of innovative changes, the key vector for improving the personnel policy is the strategy of motivational development of the organization's personnel. For the customs authorities to effectively address the strategic goals set in the Strategy for the Development of the Customs Service of Russia until 2030, it is necessary that officials demonstrate high labor productivity based on a high level of internal motivation and involvement in the labor process, and, consequently, a high level of professional competence. The authors of the article adhere to the hypothesis that an active personnel policy in the field of motivation and stimulation of labor activity should be considered as a necessary organizational condition for the formation of the personnel potential of customs authorities. In this study, the following methods were used: questionnaire survey; expert survey; method of analysis of hierarchies. Within the framework of the theoretical stage of the study, the article presents an analysis of scientific publications, the results of which are of practical importance for improving the personnel policy in the field of labor motivation, professional development of personnel and the formation of the personnel potential of customs authorities. The article analyzes practical recommendations aimed at improving the strategy of motivational development of officials. At the empirical stage of the study, the authors conducted a questionnaire survey to assess the significance of the factors of the organizational environment of the customs authority on labor efficiency and an expert survey to determine the significance of recommendations for improving the strategy of motivational development of officials. The article presents the results of questionnaire and expert surveys. Acting customs officials, retired customs officials, as well as students studying in the specialty «Customs» acted as respondents and experts. The choice of the most effective methods of motivational development of officials of the customs authorities was carried out on the basis of the application of the method of analysis of hierarchies.

Using additional boundary conditions (ABC) and an additional sought function (ASF), a solution to the heat conduction problem with non-homogeneous boundary conditions has been obtained. ABC allows satisfying the differential equation at the boundaries, leading to its fulfillment both inside the domain and without resorting to integration over Cartesian coordinates. ASF reduces the original partial differential equation to a temporal ordinary equation, from which the eigenvalues of the boundary value problem are determined, as formulated in the classical methods of the Sturm-Liouville problem, stated in spatial variables. Thus, this work considers an alternative way of determining eigenvalues. The integration constants are found from the initial condition using the least squares method, which allows their values to be determined with a given accuracy. The solution obtained based on ABC and ASF approximates n → ∞ the exact analytical solution in the form of an infinite series, including trigonometric coordinate functions with coefficients that stabilize exponentially in time. In this case, the eigenvalues determined from the solution of the temporal ordinary differential equation regarding the additional sought function coincide with their exact values at any approximation. The accuracy of the integration constants, determined by the method of least squares, is controlled by the number of approximation points in the range of the auxiliary variable's variation. It should be noted that the additional boundary conditions considered in this work hold true for any other method of obtaining a solution to the problem under consideration, including the exact method, as can be verified by direct substitution. Therefore, their introduction does not distort the original mathematical formulation of the problem but only significantly simplifies the process of obtaining its analytical solution.

The paper presents the development of economic and mathematical tools to improve managerial decision-making for staff placement at the customs post. As an object of research, the authors analyze the performance of customs operations and customs control by customs officials in relation to individuals transporting goods for personal use across the customs border of the Eurasian Economic Union at the airport checkpoint – Samara Airport customs post. According to the logic of the queuing theory, a customs post official is a “service channel”, and the flow of passengers at the customs control zone (arrivals area) is a “request”. The optimal placement of officials required at the arrivals area was determined for each of the periods under consideration (12 months in 2019), as well as the average time spent by passengers in the customs control area was estimated. The justification of these parameters based on the queuing theory contributes to achieving the minimum cost of the staff of officials at Samara Airport customs post involved in dealing with individuals transporting goods for personal use across the EAEU customs border.

Telegrapher’s equations that account for the speed and acceleration of a current and voltage were derived using a modified Ohm’s law formula that includes relaxation components. Examining the exact analytical solutions to these equations allowed us to conclude that abrupt changes in the target functions observed in solutions to classic telegrapher’s equations were eliminated, which indicates the elimination of the infinite propagation speed of electric field potentials inherent in the classic Ohm’s law formula. Analysis of the analytical solutions showed the impossibility of instant current (voltage) adoption at the edges of the conductor at the initial time instant, as the process of establishing these edges requires a definite initial time interval. This serves as evidence that it is physically impossible to instantly set a boundary condition in an actual electric conductivity process.

By using a modified formula of Newton's Law, in which the velocities and accelerations of the tangential stress and velocity gradient are taken into account, the locally non-equilibritun Navier-Stokes equation, which describes the fluid flow with respect to relaxation phenomena, is obtained. The derived equation allows for the elimination of the infinite rate of momentum transfer problem described by the classical equations of motion. This can be explained by the fact that using the modified Newton's Law formula makes it possible to avoid the instantaneous change in the tangential stress (described by the classical formula) at a change in the velocity gradient because, in this case, they appear to be time dependent. Analysis of a numerical solution to the boundary problem for velocity distribution in a flat channel allowed us to conclude that the formation of the velocity profile in time in locally non-equilibrium conditions occurs with some lag, which was estimated by the relaxation coefficients of the liquid. It was also shown that, at any point of the channel cross section, there are velocity oscillations, the frequency and amplitude of which are determined by the relaxation properties of the liquid.

The organizational culture of customs authorities is understood by the authors as a set of norms, rules, customs and traditions that are supported by customs authorities and set a general framework for the behavior of officials. To determine the key characteristics and analyze the dynamics of the organizational culture of the customs authorities, the methodology of Robert E. Quinn and Kim S. Cameron Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI) was used. This methodology is based on the framework construction of competing values corresponding to four types of culture: clan, adhocratic, market, bureaucratic. According to the results of the survey, currently the bureaucratic type of organizational culture prevails in the Samara customs, the values of the other types of cultures are approximately equal to each other. At the same time, there are significant differences between the prevailing and preferred type of organizational culture. In the preferred state, the adhocratic type of culture predominates, bureaucracy is in second place in importance, then the clan and the market type of culture. At the second stage of the study, using the method of analyzing hierarchies, an expert assessment of the formation of the preferred adhocratic type of organizational culture of customs authorities was carried out. The factor analysis of the identified types of organizational cultures of the customs authority made it possible to determine which type of organizational culture contains the potential for increasing the effectiveness of personnel management. To solve this problem, a mathematical tool was used the method of analyzing hierarchies. The data obtained as a result of the application of the OCAI methodology and the hierarchy analysis method in the study of organizational culture made it possible to solve the problems of defining the type and strength of the culture dominant in the customs authorities, to establish profiles for the existing and intended organizational culture and to determine the scenario for further changes in the organizational culture of the customs authorities. contributing to improving the efficiency of personnel management.

The paper focuses on the issues of improving the tariff regulation system for heat transfer services in the Russian Federation. It has been established that such tariff regulation methods as cost-effective method and the indexing method have developed historically, and despite their comparative effectiveness, they also have some weaknesses. In order to eliminate the latter, the paper includes developed provisions for improving the tariff regulation system for heat transfer services: it is proposed to introduce two new criteria into the current tariff regulation methodology. As a result of testing the proposed measures, it will be possible to reduce tariffs by almost 30%.

An approximate analytical solution to the problem of heat transfer in a plane-parallel channel is obtained on the basis of the combined use of the Fourier method (separation of variables) and the collocation method. The peculiarity of the problem is that the spatial area (channel) under study consists of two zones. In the first zone, heat is supplied to the laminar fluid flow. Flows of heating coolant, electric heaters, etc. can act as sources of heat in the heating zone. The second zone is characterized by the absence of heat exchange with the external environment. It is assumed that the channel walls are completely thermally insulated, i.e. the condition of the adiabatic wall is set on them. The need to solve such problems arises when designing heat exchange equipment, for example, heaters of high-viscosity fluids. The method developed allows one to obtain approximate analytical solutions for the entire area under study. The solution process is divided into two interrelated stages, which makes it possible to significantly simplify the solutions obtained. The formulated boundary value problem and the obtained approximate analytical solutions are presented in a dimensionless form. It allows parametric identification, optimization of the geometric characteristics of heat transfer zones at a given stabilization temperature, etc.

The article considers the labor potential as a complex system. This system is affected by a system of factors, which are proposed to be divided into three main groups: external factors; factors related to the services and internal factors. The structure of each group is described, and their features and differences are revealed. In addition, the article shows the relationship between the labor potential of customs officials and the quality of customs services

The article analyzes the influence of various factors of production on the gross regional product of the Samara region. The authors emphasize the importance of such factors for the social and economic development of the region. The branch structure of the regional economy is analyzed. The authors show the role of the Samara region in the Russian production of a number of significant nomenclature positions: passenger cars, anhydrous ammonia, etc. The article reviews the analysis of various data on world heat energy markets. It is concluded that one of the most important tools for the modernization of the Russian heat power industry will be the introduction of the “alternative boiler” mechanism. Special attention is paid by the authors to the influence of the tariff for thermal energy on the total shipment of products. To prove the hypothesis of the existence of such an effect, mathematical modeling techniques were used, where as a model a two-factor production function of the Cobb-Douglas type with extremely aggregated characteristics was chosen. In the model, the authors consider the total shipment of products in the region. Input impacts are the tariff for thermal energy and the labor remuneration fund. Analysis of the data showed that the approximate properties of the model, determined by the coefficient of determination, are quite satisfactory. The significance of this indicator is confirmed by the magnitude of the Fisher criterion. As a result, an adequate model has been obtained, which makes it possible to analyze general trends in the shipment of products in the Samara region. The model analysis showed a positive effect of the tariff increase on thermal energy on the number of products shipped in the region. However, to improve the quality of the model, it is necessary to identify and take into account other significant factors affecting the process.

The mathematical description of the heat transfer in bodies with internal heat sources processes poses difficulties. To obtain solutions of boundary-value problems describing these processes, exact (Fourier method, integral transformations, etc.), approximate (collocation, Galerkin method) analytical methods are used, as well as numerical methods (finite differences, finite elements, etc.). The solutions obtained by using exact analytical methods are expressed by complex functional dependencies and are not suitable for engineering. The most significant difficulties are problems with nonlinear sources of heat, periodic action, etc. The use of classical analytical methods to solve them is extremely difficult, and in some cases impossible. Despite all these circumstances, analytical solutions have a number of serious advantages over numerical ones, since they allow performing parametric analysis of the studied processes. Based on the integral heat balance method and additional boundary conditions (characteristics) use, a numerical - analytical solution of the heat conduction problem for an infinite plate under symmetric first kind border conditions with constant power internal sources is obtained. The physical meaning of the boundary conditions is the fulfillment of the initial differential equation at the boundary points of the system under consideration, i.e. the points where the first kind boundary condition is specified. By introducing into consideration a new unknown function, heat flux on the plate surface, a simple form analytical solution of the problem was obtained. It is shown that with an increase in the number of approximations, the residual of the equation being solved decreases, which indirectly indicates the convergence of the method. It is also noted that the approach proposed can be used to solve partial differential equations that exclude the separation of variables.

The article investigates and describes essence of social work with personnel and draws some conclusions based on a new approach to defining social work with personnel, describes scientific and theoretical foundations of the concept of social work with personnel in the organization and its main elements. It focuses on methodological foundations and identifies main elements of the methodological base of social work with personnel, defines its subjects, objects, target, goals and tasks. This study is also devoted to analysis of conformity of social work with personnel within natural laws and examines general and specific principles of social work with personnel, its general functions (ethical, prognostication, preventive, communication) and concrete functions (social security, social aid, social services, social insurance). It classifies methods of social work with personnel based on such indications as direction and forms, objects and subjects of social work. The article also deals with means of social work with personnel and describes its technologies, identifying differences between traditional general technologies (social diagnostics, social examination, social foresight, communication skills, public regulations, skills, social insurance, social adaptation, social counseling, social security), special technologies (used when dealing with workers having very young children or large families, elderly or young workers applying for a job for the first time, disabled workers) and innovation technologies. It also defines essence of management and organization of social work with personnel. The main result of the study is a proposed methodological concept of social work with personnel in the organization representing the content of the given notion. © 2018 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK

A model of human resources technology for conflict and stress management at customs offices, focused on a complex study of the causes of destructive conflicts and professional stresses and development of the administrative decision-making process for their prevention, is proposed. An urgent problem of developing the conflict competence of managers and staff as a strategic method for conflict and stress management in the process of public service in customs bodies is considered. An effective design of conflict counseling in customs bodies is provided. Theoretical background, development of methodological and practical recommendations on the establishment of a human resource technology for conflict and stress management, the formation of a conflict counseling system in the work of human resource management in customs authorities are proposed. A number of potential problems and risks associated with the introduction of conflict and stress management technology in the customs authorities are presented. The authors suggest considering conflict counseling as a method of human resources risks minimization in customs bodies. The results of various sociological surveys, including anxiety level, conflict intensity and the coping strategies, conducted among students of Samara State Technical University (specialty Customs) are presented. Integrated information maps of professional stress for various categories of staff in customs authorities are developed. (c) 2018 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK

The article covers the issues of higher education development in the framework of innovative economy and the role of practice-oriented education technologies in this process. It presents substantial characteristics of successful international practice-oriented models, which potential can be used to solve problems that occur in the national system of education. It is shown that the successful implementation of practice-oriented programs involves the development of various forms of interaction between business and education, including: requirements for the quality of specialists' training, holding of training sessions for students by the employers' representatives, integration of professionally-oriented education technologies, creation within universities of innovative forms of professional employment in accordance with the learning profile, formation of professional skills of students through their immersion in professional environment, project integration. To meet labor market needs, programs are to consider the opinion of all stakeholders. In this paper, the authors first identify key stakeholders to be considered in the process of study programs development. Then they argue that online surveys are a preferable method of data collection for this purpose. Secondly, the authors focus on these online surveys being the main object of this research. They outline selection parameters which should be taken into account when planning such surveys by asking questions and giving guidelines based on practices and experiments within the universities. Thirdly, the authors identify some common pitfalls to be avoided when designing such surveys. The described survey's methodology can be accordingly included in the content of study programs in management and pedagogy. (c) 2018 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UK

A mathematical and computer model of a district heating network fed by two heat sources located at significantly different elevation marks has been developed. The model is based on the electrohydraulic analogy of electric current spread in conductors and liquid pressure spread in pipelines, which are described by the same equations. In particular, the first and second Kirchhoff’s laws used in the calculation of electrical networks are applied to calculate the velocities and pressures in a complex multi-ring pipeline system. In order to maximize the approximation of the computer model to the real hydraulic network (in resistance to the process of heating agent flow), the method of automatic identification of the model is applied. This method is an iterative process of changing the hydraulic resistances in pipelines of the model in such a way that the results obtained from the calculations would have the least differences from the experimental data. The accuracy of identification depending on the number of points with known experimental data is 3 – 5%.

In current economic environment, it is necessary to revise the approach to state customs services. For this purpose, the authors introduced a new estimated indicator for activities of customs authorities - the quality of state customs services. The result showed necessity to study the relationship between the quality of customs services, provided by customs officials, and their labor potential. The main aim of research is studying improvement of the quality of state customs services based on development of the labor potential of customs officials. For implementation of performance targets, authors proposed a technique, based on the Kano's model. The authors developed two types of questionnaires - for the state customs services distribution according to the Kano model and for evaluation of each service quality. In addition, the authors proposed changes in the interacting processes among the participants of foreign economic activities and customs authorities. The methodology proposed appropriate priority directions of development and influence on the level of customer satisfaction (participants of foreign economic activities) and on the quality of services, provided through improving the labor potential of customs officials.

The complexity, dynamism and uncertainty of the socioeconomic status of both Russian and global economies generally form a significant number of risks that threaten the effective functioning and development of organizations. Moreover, the urgency of these problems is increasing in the conditions of economic stabilization and the outlook for development, when the degree of certainty and predictability of external factors is increasing, as well as the relative influence of internal organizational factors, among which the most important factors are related to the quality of personnel and the effectiveness of the personnel management system of the organization. Exactly these factors in modern conditions predetermine the success of achieving the strategic goals of the organization, but at the same time determine the emergence of human resources risks, which, in the opinion of experts, is defining the form of risk in the organization. The urgency of this problem has caused the need to develop the presented methodology for managing human resources risks. A distinctive feature of this methodology is the focus on prophylaxis and prevention of human resources risks. The methodology integrates various aspects of human resources risks management: types, levels, the significance, profiles of human resources risks, expected losses from risks, actions of human resources risk management. The methodology includes 5 stages: preparation, analysis, planning, organizing, control.