Over past years, grapevine adaptability has become of primary concern due to sharp cold-stressing weather of the unstable climates of Southern Russia accompanied by increasing mean annual temperatures, including higher degrees during plant winter dormancy. This situation causes considerable injury to the generative and vegetative organs in bush vine. Physiological and biochemical studies of the vine plant are of great importance for breeding cold-hardy grape genotypes. The article presents research related to studying cold hardiness in different grape varieties by content dynamics of starch, soluble sugars, abscisic acid and potassium ions in plant bark and buds. We studied grape varieties (interspecies hybrids) of the European-American (Dostoinyi, Krasnostop, Vostorg), West-European (Aligote), East-European (Zarif) and European-Amur-American origins (Kristall). The work aimed to analyse the physiological and biochemical properties of various ecological and geographical-origin grapes in winter time in order to identify the cold-hardiest genotypes. The Krasnostop and Vostorg varieties were ascertained as cold-hardy. Physiological and biochemical assays revealed an important contribution of water-soluble sugar-producing starch hydrolysis to low-temperature adaptation in Krasnostop and Vostorg, with the sugar content increasing 2.7-2.9 times. Krasnostop and Zarif were found to elevate the sucrose osmoprotectant winter level 4.7 and 6.6 times, respectively. All grape varieties decreased the abscisic acid content due to protective functions. Aligote was identified susceptible basing on a 2.3-fold potassium ion increase in frozen bark cell extract. The research conducted establishes the diagnostic value of the abovementioned physiological and biochemical parameters for cold hardiness evaluation in grape varieties.

Scientific achievements of the third millennium -99холодные месяцы.Во второй раз -весной сажаются теплолюбивые весенние цветы привезённые в основном их Голландии.Из хвойных деревьев сосна, ель, кипарис, можжевельник и др.выпуская в окружающую среду значительное количество летучих веществ -фитонцидов уничтожают вредные для организма болезнетворные микробы и обогащают воздух смолистыми веществами [5; 3, 7, 10].. Для превращения Национального Приморского Парка в жемчужину городского архитектурного ансамбля должны быть созданы новые, различной формы композиции, использованы перспективные, декоративные деревья, кустарники и травянистые растения интродуцированные из местной и зарубежной флоры.Национальный Приморский Парк кроме красивого и удобного парканаша история, прошлое, настоящее и будущее.Каждый гражданин должен внести свой вклад для процветания родного края В результате проведения научно-исследовательской работы в Институте Дендрологии выявлено, что изученные в Национальном Приморском Парке местные и интродуцированные из местной и зарубежной флоры виды декоративных деревьев, кустарников и травянистых растений хорошо адаптируются в

The article presents the results of the study of drought resistance of various grape varieties in the parameters of water regime and content of pigments. The objects of research were the grape varieties (interspecific hybrids) of the following origin: European-American (Dostoynyi, Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg), Western European (Aligote), Eastern European (Zarif), Euro Amuro-American (Krystall). The aim of research was the comparative evaluation of resistance of grape varieties of different ecological-geographical origin to elevated temperatures and low water availability in the conditions of Anapa-Taman area, and selecting the most valuable genotypes. It was established that by the end of summer, the water content of leaf tissues decreased to varying degrees in all grape varieties, depending on their biological peculiarities. In the Kristall, Dostoyny, Krasnostop AZOS varieties, the water content of the tissues decreased to a lesser extent (by 4.0 - 4.1%) in comparison with Zarif and Aligote varieties (by 6.8 and 7.2 %, respectively). Kristall, Dostoyny, Krasnostop AZOS varieties showed the highest rates of the ratio of bound and free forms of water during the summer (2.01-2.50) due to the increased content of bound water. Same varieties are marked by a stable amount of chlorophyll content (a+b) during the summer, with some tendency to increase by 1,07- 1.18 times in August, and the increase in the proportion of carotenoids in the pigment complex, indicating an active adaptation of these varieties to drought and high temperatures. These parameters can be used as diagnostic characteristics to assess adaptive capacity of grapes.

The article presents the results of the study of drought resistance of various grape varieties in the parameters of water regime and content of pigments. The objects of research were the grape varieties (interspecific hybrids) of the following origin: European-American (Dostoynyi, Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg), Western European (Aligote), Eastern European (Zarif), Euro Amuro-American (Krystall). The aim of research was the comparative evaluation of resistance of grape varieties of different ecological-geographical origin to elevated temperatures and low water availability in the conditions of Anapa-Taman area, and selecting the most valuable genotypes. It was established that by the end of summer, the water content of leaf tissues decreased to varying degrees in all grape varieties, depending on their biological peculiarities. In the Kristall, Dostoyny, Krasnostop AZOS varieties, the water content of the tissues decreased to a lesser extent (by 4.0 - 4.1%) in comparison with Zarif and Aligote varieties (by 6.8 and 7.2 %, respectively). Kristall, Dostoyny, Krasnostop AZOS varieties showed the highest rates of the ratio of bound and free forms of water during the summer (2.01-2.50) due to the increased content of bound water. Same varieties are marked by a stable amount of chlorophyll content (a+b) during the summer, with some tendency to increase by 1,07- 1.18 times in August, and the increase in the proportion of carotenoids in the pigment complex, indicating an active adaptation of these varieties to drought and high temperatures. These parameters can be used as diagnostic characteristics to assess adaptive capacity of grapes.

The hydrothermal factors and the high summer solar radiation in the South of Russia actualize the experimental studies and search for objective expressly determined quantitative indicators to evaluate functional state of fruit plants and their seasonal variability in agrocenoses. The main purpose of this work was to confirm the hypothesis of the possibility to use the amino acid proline content as a criterion for rapid assessing effects of abiotic stress intensity (soil and air drought, intensity of solar radiation) on perennial fruit plants in agrocenosis. On the example of apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) varieties Prikubanskoe and Aidared we identified the regulatory functions of special fertilizers in combination with growth regulator Novosil to improve adaptive properties of the apple trees. For the rapid determination of the free amino acid proline content in apple leaves we used capillary electrophoresis in the Kapel 103P device (Lumeks, Russia). To analyze tolerance of the apple trees against the summer period stressors, we used the weight method, determined the content of free and bound water in leaves, and also assessed content of chlorophyll (a + b) and carotenoids in leaves using a UNICO 2800 spectrophotometer (United Products & Instruments, USA). In the course of 4 year-studying (2009-2012) from May to August, it was shown that the leaf level of bound water increased while free forms of water declined. The leaf treatment with fertilizers together with growth regulator Novosil led to an increase in the content of the bound water in the leaves as compared to the control, which indicates an increase in the resistance of the apple tree to stress factors of the summer time. In July and August, at maximum adverse hydrothermal factors, the free proline content in the shoot leaves of apple plants became higher compared to the values under normal environmental conditions (decade III of May). Proline contents annually increased 1.4-2.9 times in July compared to May which is due to a lack of moisture, extremely high air temperatures and excessive insolation. Our data showed that the use of aqueous solutions of special fertilizers in combination with the growth regulator Novosil contributed to a decrease in the proline amount in apple leaves in July and August as compared to the control and led to an increase in plant resistance to stressors of the summer period, that is also consistent with the dynamics of the bound water we found. The conducted researches attest the possibility of using expressly estimated free proline content in apple shoots leaves as an important criterion for assessing resistance to drought and anthropogenic factors in perennial fruit plants in commercial orchards.

ФИЗИОЛОГО-БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ КРИТЕРИИ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ЯБЛОНИ К АБИОТИЧЕСКИМ СТРЕССАМ ЛЕТНЕГО ПЕРИОДА * Н.И. НЕНЬКО 1

ФИЗИОЛОГО-БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ КРИТЕРИИ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ЯБЛОНИ К АБИОТИЧЕСКИМ СТРЕССАМ ЛЕТНЕГО ПЕРИОДА * Н.И. НЕНЬКО 1

The article presents the results of studies of the expressiveness of genetic systems for the adaptation of grape varieties of various ecological-geographical origin to low temperatures in a state of organic rest and high temperatures in the summer period on the example of proteins with peroxidase activity. Specifi c proteins of cold and heat stress were identifi ed. A large peroxidase activity was established in the grapevine grape varieties Kristall, Dostoyny and Krasnostop AZOS, which characterizes their increased resistance to oxidative stress during the winter period. Using the method of artifi cial freezing on the basis of histochemical studies, it was confi rmed that the varieties Kristall, Dostoyny, Krasnostop AZOS are highly frost-resistant (the starch content in the small-cell core zone is 5.0 points), the Vostorg variety is frostresistant (4.6 points), the Aligote and Zarif varieties are medium-frost resistant (4.4 points and 4.3, respectively). The amount and molecular weight of high temperature stress proteins was determined. It was established that the varieties Dostoyny, Krasnostop AZOS and Vostorg are more resistant to high-temperature and water stress, which is caused by a higher content of heat shock proteins with a molecular weight of 80, 70 and 60 kDa. Under the infl uence of water stress in the model experiment on the leaves of grape varieties, a decrease in the protein content was revealed: with a molecular weight (MW) of 100, 80 and 70 kDa at the Dostoyny variety, with MW 100, 80, 70 kDa at the Krasnostop AZOS variety, with MW 110, 100, 80 kDa at the Vostorg variety, with MW 100 and 80 kDa at the Aligote variety. In the Zarif variety, the content of high-molecular proteins (250, 130, 110 kDa) signifi cantly decreased.