The work is concerned with the development of a new type of iron-containing catalyst (Ct) based on lignin for the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide. Catalytic systems were obtained by hydrothermal synthesis and studied using a set of physicochemical methods (Fourier Transform IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, low-temperaIt is shown that the formed catalysts are fine-grained, non-pyrophoric, non-hygroscopic, black powders. The catalytic systems are determined to exhibit high activity in carbon monoxide hydrogenation: the conversion is close to 100%, the productivity with respect to C(5+ )hydrocarbons reaches 131.6 g/(kg Ct center dot h).

Работа посвящена разработке нового типа железосодержащего катализатора (Кт) на основе лигнина для процесса гидрирования монооксида углерода. Каталитические системы получали методом гидротермального синтеза и изучали комплексом физико-химических методов (ИК-Фурье спектроскопия, спектроскопия комбинационного рассеяния, низкотемпературная адсорбция азота, элементный анализ, атомно-абсорбционный анализ, рентгенофазовый анализ, рентгеновская фотоэлектронная спектроскопия, просвечивающая электронная микроскопия). Показано, что сформированные катализаторы представляют собой мелкозернистый непирофорный негигроскопичный порошок черного цвета. Установлено, что каталитические системы проявляют высокую активность в процессе гидрирования монооксида углерода: конверсия близка к 100 %, производительность по углеводородам С5+ достигает 131.6 г/(кг Кт•ч). The work is concerned with the development of a new type of iron-containing catalyst (Ct) based on lignin for the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide. Catalytic systems were obtained by hydrothermal synthesis and studied using a set of physicochemical methods (Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, elemental analysis, atomic absorption analysis, X-ray phase analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy). Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, elemental analysis, atomic absorption analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is shown that the formed catalysts are fine-grained, non-pyrophoric, non-hygroscopic, black powders. The catalytic systems are determined to exhibit high activity in carbon monoxide hydrogenation: the conversion is close to 100 %, the productivity with respect to C5+ hydrocarbons reaches 131.6 g/(kg Ct ∙ h).

The effect of treatment of a freshly reduced cobalt catalyst with oxygen and ammonia on its properties in the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis was studied. It was shown that treatment with small amounts of catalytic poisons helped to increase the selectivity of the catalyst with respect to the formation of target products, linear C 5+ hydrocarbons. The observed effect can be explained by partial blocking of the sites of direct CO hydrogenation to methane and modification of Lewis acid sites. The data obtained were consistent with the concept of the two-center surface model of Co catalysts for the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and the theory of astoichiometric components of catalytic reactions.

Information is presented on the catalysts used for the cyclization of n-alkanes and the features of the relevant reactions, depending on the nature of the binder used for catalyst synthesis. A procedure for the synthesis of nonacid catalysts for the cyclization of n-alkanes is described. The results of instrumental studies and catalytic tests of synthesized catalyst samples are presented. Of the most common commercial binder materials manufactured by SASOL, boehmite Disperal P2 has been found to provide the best combination of mechanical and catalytic properties. The optimum ratio of zeolite KL and the binder in the composition of the n-alkane cyclization catalyst is 70 wt % zeolite and 30 wt % binder. This formulation makes it possible to achieve an optimal combination of mechanical strength and catalytic activity of the catalyst.

The 20% Co-M/CoAl x O y catalytic systems promoted with Ru, Pd, and Re, in which cobalt is not only an active component but also a constituent of the support, were studied in this work. The effects of the addition and concentration of a promoter on the catalytic properties of the resulting system in the synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO and H 2 was studied. It was found that the introduction of rhenium into the composition of the 20% Co/CoAl x O y catalyst considerably increased the yield of C 5+ hydrocarbons with a minimum methane formation in the synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO and H 2 .

The 20% Co-M/CoAlxOy catalytic systems promoted with Ru, Pd, and Re, in which cobalt is not only an active component but also a constituent of the support, were studied in this work. The effects of the addition and concentration of a promoter on the catalytic properties of the resulting system in the synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO and H-2 was studied. It was found that the introduction of rhenium into the composition of the 20% Co/CoAlxOy catalyst considerably increased the yield of C5+ hydrocarbons with a minimum methane formation in the synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO and H-2.

The effect of the hydrogen regeneration conditions of a 20% Co/Hβ cobalt-zeolite catalyst on its properties in the synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO and H 2 was studied. It was found that regeneration with hydrogen was most effective at 400°C. In this case, the productivity of the catalyst was as high as 305 × 10 3 g/m 3 Cat/h at a maximum synthesis-gas space velocity (5000 h −1 ).

Mixed oxides CoxAlyO4 with different Al/Co ratios applied as supports for the catalysts of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis were prepared using the solid-state chemical reaction. The CoxAlyO4 supports were prepared by modifying gibbsite with various cobalt salts (acetate, nitrate, and basic carbonate). The use of basic cobalt carbonate gives the Co(20%)/CoxAlyO4 catalyst, which provides an increased yield of hydrocarbons C5+ and a decreased methane content compared to the impregnation catalyst Co(30%)/Al2O3. The introduction of small amounts of rhenium additives makes it possible to enhance the yield of hydrocarbons C5+ (179 g m−3) and also to increase the selectivity with respect to the C5–C18 fraction. The introduction of basic cobalt carbonate into the support, most likely, creates favorable conditions for the epitaxial growth of the precursor of the active phase.