A network of three-channel low-temperature infrared-optical gas analyzers with a response time of <1 s is developed for detecting explosive and fire hazardous concentrations of gasified liquefied natural gas (LNG) at temperatures up to 150 K. Their characteristics are described in an analysis of its large-scale emissions into the atmosphere. It is shown that during pulsed LNG emissions in the form of submerged jets and spills on standard concrete and water, large-scale areas of mixtures of air, methane, and light alkane vapors form with an explosive concentration that fluctuates in time and volume. The evaporation of cryogenic methane droplets with diameters of more than 0.1 mm in air and methane vapor from temperatures T = 150–290 K has been studied theoretically and experimentally.

A two-channel analyzer of optically dense flammable aerosol fluxes based on two parallel diode optocouplers with a wavelength of electromagnetic radiation λ = 0.65 and 3.4 μm, a speed of τ ≤ 0.05 s and the transmission of digitized data to a server up to 1200 m away via the RS-485 interface has been developed. Its design and characteristics in the process of detecting particle streams with a diameter of 0.2 to 5000 μm with an optical density of D ≤ 3.5 are described. It is shown that the values of the ratio of wave attenuation coefficients with λ = 0.65 and 3.4 μm to the droplet size calculated on the basis of the theory of radiation scattering Mi are consistent with the experimental ones. The created aerosol analyzer can be used in the express analysis of technogenic airborne emissions of fuel liquids and for the development of large-scale generators of explosive type when creating pulse barriers from clouds of finely dispersed aerosol in the atmosphere.

При обеспечении промышленной безопасности объектов топливно-энергетического комплекса для получения и хранения топливных жидкостей (керосина, бензина, мазута, дизельного топлива, сжиженного природного газа) необходима оценка последствий их возможных техногенных выбросов в виде струй и/или разливов на грунт, сопровождающихся образованием топливно-воздушных смесей (ТВС) в атмосфере. Эти смеси могут быть взрывопожароопасными, и разработка экспресс-методов их анализа имеет научное и практическое значение. Данные по эволюции крупномасштабных выбросов ТВС ограничены. Их анализ достаточно сложен, поскольку необходимо дистанционно измерять флуктуирующие концентрации капель и паров ТВС с быстрой (за несколько миллисекунд) передачей данных на удаленный сервер. Сеть устройств для мониторинга выбросов углеводородов должна иметь высокое быстродействие τ  0,03 с, функционировать при скорости газокапельных потоков до сотен метров в секунду и обладать устойчивостью к воздействию импульсов давления газов до 105 Па и электромагнитного излучения промышленной частоты.

The features of plasma formation in a substance heated by a laser-accelerated fast electron beam have been studied. These features are related to the ratio of the heating rate to the rate of energy loss because of radiation processes and electronic thermal conductivity, which are governed by the dependence of the energy of the heating beam particles on the beam intensity, which is characteristic of laser-driven electron acceleration. It has been shown that energy losses increase with the beam intensity and significantly limit the maximum temperature of the formed plasma. The possibility of generating an intense γ-radiation pulse of a nonnuclear origin because of the bremsstrahlung of laser-accelerated electrons has been discussed.

A plasma with an anisotropic velocity distribution of particles in a magnetic field is considered. It is shown that the Weibel instability arises in the reference frame rotating together with the particles, for example, ions. When considered in the immobile reference frame, this instability is known as the Alfvén cyclotron instability.

The conditions for the absence of Alfven ion-cyclotron instability during the creation and subsequent acceleration of ion rings by compressed cylindrical plasma liners are established

Описана методика генерации биоактивных аэрозольных частиц иодида щелочных металлов с глицерином диаметром d ≈ 0.03–3 мкм и массовой производительностью m = 10–200 мкг/с для ингаляции. Создано устройство для ее осуществления.

Optical infrared gas analyzers are developed for mixtures of vapors of liquefied natural gas and air. It is found that a network of them allows temperatures of −100 to +60°C to be measured along with volume concentrations of hydrocarbons С = 0.5–100 vol % with temporal responses of less than 1–2 s when analyzing methane–air emissions and clouds in the atmosphere with volumes of up to 107 m3 and data transmitted to a remote server at rates of up to 10 km every 1 ms. It is shown that with large-scale pulsed emissions of liquefied natural gas into the atmosphere or spills of it onto dry ground or water, conditions are created for the long-term formation of flammable and explosive mixtures of air and hydrocarbons at concentrations C = 5–15 vol %.

The results of experimental and theoretical studies of operation regimes of a pulsed chemical D2–F2–CO2 UV initiated laser are presented. The influence of particular mixture components, the power of the UV radiation source, and the resonator's characteristics on the output radiation parameters are experimentally studied on the “Kaiman” setup. The results of theoretical simulation obtained using the proposed scheme correspond sufficiently to those obtained experimentally. A description is given of the pulsed D2–F2–CO2 UV initiated laser “Flash-1” that provides for radiation pulses of 18 J with a 2.6–3.5 μs duration in the 10-micron range. A detailed description is given of the precision diagnostics of dark reactions occurring during the mixture preparations and affecting the efficiency of energy extraction in the course of generation.

The design and parameters of the UV-preionized discharge module “Katran” are described. A particular feature of the scheme is a high-voltage pulse formation technique for sharp discharge current ignition to stabilize the self-sustained glow discharge. The free-running laser based on the discharge module allows one to obtain high specific laser power exceeding 145 MW/liter in the P(20) line for the 10-μm band for an active volume of 3 liters. Duration of the first spike of generation is 30 ns FWHM and energy content is about 65% of the total pulse energy. The high reliability and reproducibility of the module's operation for a wide range of parameters ensures laser suitability for different scientific and technical applications.