Prevention of HIV transmission from mother to child is actual question of Russian health service. Modern methods of prevetion of HIV transmission from mother to child are included: antiretroviral medication of HIV-positive women during pregnancy and the infants; cesarean section before onset of labor; artifi cial infant feeding. Investigations of offi cial statistics, to medical documents and women examination with HIV are show that the main problems are insuffi ciently range of antiretroviral prevention and medical control of women during pregnancy and aft er labor. It is necessity to perfect the integration of prevention of perinatal transmission of HIV infection to mother and child care service.

The dynamics of rates of maternal, infant and perinatal mortality in Russian federation is presented in this article. The reasons of infant mortality were analyzed. The results of realization of federal principal program «children of Russia» and subprogram «healthy child» in 2003–2006 years, and measures of priority state project in health service sphere in directions «neonatal screening» and «delivery certification» were given. For the purpose of further decrease of rates of maternal and infant mortality it is necessary to strengthen a material and technical basis of institutions of maternity and childhood, to create a system of perinatal centers, to raise an accessibility of high tech types of medical service, to organize training of personnel, to develop a prophylactic direction of medical service. Key words: maternal mortality, infant mortality, neonatal screening, high tech medical service.

Results of complex research aimed at the study of dynamics of incidence and mortality caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among children, their medical and social characteristics, problems of social adaptation of rejected children, are presented. It is shown that in the dynamics of HIV incidence among children a steady growth trend is observed, mostly due to children born by HIV positive mothers. The number of HIV positive children due to perinatal transmission, increased by 9 times in 2000–2006. 43,6 per cent of children born by HIV positive mothers had significant deviations in the health status, 21,6 percent of infants were transferred to the 2nd stage of nursing. High level of stillbirths, perinatal and early neonatal mortality of infants born by HIV positive mothers, was observed. Though there is a certain trend of decreasing the number of rejected children both in the general population and among HIV positive mothers, the absolute number of such cases is increasing in the latter group. Children abandoned by their parents in most cases are isolated and do not receive the necessary social and psychological aid.Key words: HIV infection, children, perinatal mortality, social adaptation.

The dynamics of rates of maternal, infant and perinatal mortality in Russian federation is presented in this article. The reasons of infant mortality were analyzed. The results of realization of federal principal program «children of Russia» and subprogram «healthy child» in 2003–2006 years, and measures of priority state project in health service sphere in directions «neonatal screening» and «delivery certification» were given. For the purpose of further decrease of rates of maternal and infant mortality it is necessary to strengthen a material and technical basis of institutions of maternity and childhood, to create a system of perinatal centers, to raise an accessibility of high tech types of medical service, to organize training of personnel, to develop a prophylactic direction of medical service.Key words: maternal mortality, infant mortality, neonatal screening, high tech medical service.

The work deals with the complex research findings of the morbidity dynamics and HIV-infection prevalence among the pregnant women and risk for its transmission from a mother to a child, as well as the estimate of their regular medical check up, antiretroviral prevention of HIV-infection perinatal transmission, health status of children born to HIV-infected mothers and newly-born children within the general population. The research showed that recent years witnessed the steady increase of HIV-infected pregnant women and children born to them. High risk for HIV-infection perinatal transmission still persists. The article describes the reasons for the low coverage of the antiretroviral prevention among the pregnant women. The author gives an estimate of the associated diseases of the HIV-infected mother and health status of the newly born child. The work shows the necessity in development and implementation of the special prevention measures within the antenatal and postnatal regular medical check up of a mother and a child.Key words: HIV-infected pregnant women and children they give birth to, regular medical check up, health status of mothers and newly born children.

The present textbook for the doctors highlights the latest data on the flu spread, its clinical manifestations, as well as opportunities for its prevention and treatment. The authors especially carefully described the methods of immunoprophylaxis, including specific like type. They listed all the registered vaccines and vaccines of local and foreign origin to be registered in the russian federation, methods of their injection, probable undesirable phenomena. Specific stress was laid onto the own personal data of the authors as to application of the vaccines against the flu among both healthy children and those, who suffer from various disturbances or chronic diseases, including pernicious run. The textbook was approved at the meeting of the scientific council of the general directorate, scientific center of children's health, Russian academy of medical sciences, on September 14, 2006.

The present textbook for the doctors highlights the latest data on the flu spread, its clinical manifestations, as well as opportunities for its prevention and treatment. The authors especially carefully described the methods of immunoprophylaxis, including specific like type. They listed all the registered vaccines and vaccines of local and foreign origin to be registered in the russian federation, methods of their injection, probable undesirable phenomena. Specific stress was laid onto the own personal data of the authors as to application of the vaccines against the flu among both healthy children and those, who suffer from various disturbances or chronic diseases, including pernicious run. The textbook was approved at the meeting of the scientific council of the general directorate, scientific center of children's health, Russian academy of medical sciences, on September 14, 2006.

Modern methods of prevention of HIV transmission from mother to child (PMTCT) include antiretroviral (ARV) drugs administration to HIV-positive women during pregnancy and in labor, to their children after birth, elective cesarean section, and infant feeding with breast milk substitutes. The most important factor of PMTCT effectiveness is HIV medication adherence. Due to these methods the risk of MTCT is below 2%.