Russia has large coal reserves, on the average up to 173 billion tons. Although, the share of coal generation in Russia is relatively small (about 20–22 %), it reaches 65 % in the Siberian Federal District. Russia cannot deny coal, but it is necessary to update and improve energy efficiency of Thermal Power Plants (TPP) and boiler houses that burn coal. Currently, technologies have been developed to produce and use composite coal-water fuel (CWF) with various additives, primarily of organic origin to improve its target characteristics. A study of the characteristics of such coal-water suspensions has proved the promising outlook of their use as fuel in large and small Thermal Power Plants, both from an economic and environmental safety points of view. However, the lack of experimental data on the issues of combustion of composite coal-water fuel in bench-scale and semi-industrial conditions hinders the further development of CWF technology. Thus, it is relevant to study the features of combustion of composite coal-water fuels from coals of varying degrees of metamorphism. To prepare experimental batches of composite CWF, raw coals and coal slurries of various stages of metamorphism (grades D, SS, T) have been used. They were burned in a bench-scale semi-industrial plant. The research results have been processed using the methods of mathematical statistics and regression analysis. The influence of mechanical activation of CWF on the viscosity and temperature of its ignition and combustion has been established. The features of combustion of composite coal-water fuel using pneumomechanical injectors of two types are determined. The composition of harmful emissions during the combustion of CWF has been determined. The possibility to use composite coal-water fuel to ignite high-power boilers has been established. It has been proved that the combustion of CWF is environmentally safer compared to the combustion of coal and other types of fuel.

Использование угля из Межегейского месторождения (Республика Тыва) является перспективным направлением для производства тепловой энергии. Однако необходимо учитывать особенности технологических свойств угля, связанных с его повышенными характеристиками спекания. Указанные особенности по применяемой технологии слоевого сжигания угля приводят к перерасходу топлива из-за его недожога и высокому содержанию вредных веществ в отходящих газах. Город Кызыл уже включен в федеральный проект “Чистый воздух”, что свидетельствует об актуальности настоящего исследования и необходимости внедрения новых методов использования данного энергоресурса. Для снижения выбросов и повышения эффективности использования угля в энергетике целесообразно внедрение технологии получения и сжигания водоугольного топлива (ВУТ) с учетом специфических свойств данного угля. В работе установлена возможность получения и использования экологически чистого ВУТ из угля Межегейского месторождения. Проведен анализ технических характеристик угля, получена опытная партия ВУТ, определены характеристики сжигания этого топлива в котельной установке. Приготовление и сжигание опытной партии ВУТ было проведено на стендовой установке Сибирского государственного индустриального университета (Новокузнецк). Показано, что при использовании технологии сжигания ВУТ содержание вредных веществ в дымовых газах существенно ниже предельно допустимых значений. Развитие данной технологии использования угля Межегейского месторождения позволит снизить расход топлива на теплогенерирующих установках и уменьшить негативное воздействие на окружающую среду. The use of coal from the Mezhegey deposit (the Republic of Tyva) is promising for the production of thermal energy. However, it is necessary to consider the peculiarities of the technological properties of coal associated with its increased sintering characteristics. These features with the layered coal combustion technology lead to excessive consumption of fuel due to its underburning and a high content of harmful substances in the flue gases. Kyzyl has already been included in the Federal Project “Clean Air”, which indicates the relevance of the present investigation and the necessity of introducing new methods into the usage of this energy resource. To reduce emissions and to enhance the efficiency of coal use in power engineering, it is reasonable to introduce the technology of obtaining and burning coal-water fuel (CWF) taking into account the specific features of coal. The possibility of obtaining and using environmentally friendly coal-water fuel from the coals of the Mezhegey deposit located in the Republic of Tyva is established. The technical characteristics of coal were analysed, a pilot batch of CWF was obtained, and the combustion characteristics of this fuel in a boiler plant were determined. The preparation and combustion of the pilot batch of CWF was carried out in the laboratory installation at the Siberian State Industrial University (Novokuznetsk). It has been shown that the concentrations of hazardous substances in flue gases are substantially lower than the maximum permissible values. The development of this technology involving coal from the Mezhegey deposit will make it possible to reduce fuel consumption at heat generating installations and minimize the negative environmental effect.

A process is developed for the production of highly reactive water–coal fuel by oil granulation, vibrational and cavitational treatment of water–coal suspension, with the addition of a highly reactive component (methanol). The preparation of such water–coal fuel from Kuznetsk Basin coal of different ranks and with different ash content is studied experimentally. The possibility of obtaining a composite fuel using fuel oil and methyl alcohol is investigated. The method is refined and the parameters of deep coal enrichment by means of oil granulation are determined. Coal–oil granulates of ash content ≤5.5

Coal–oil granules derived from fine-grain coal sludge may be used to produce water–coal fuel suspension and coal–oil briquets. The fuel briquets obtained are characterized by adequate mechanical strength for subsequent transportation and fuel use. Note that briquetting decreases the moisture content of the oil granules by a factor of 2–3. That eliminates the need for additional briquet drying. The content of solid phase in the water–coal fuel obtained from coal–oil granules is no more than 50

В настоящее время актуальной является проблема обеспечения экологически безопасной и экономически обоснованной переработки промышленных отходов добычи, обогащения и использования угля в угольных регионах России. Среди указанных отходов наибольшую экологическую опасность представляют вскрышные углистые породы угольных разрезов, вмещающие породы, выдаваемые на поверхность при вскрытии и проходке шахтных выработок, а также твердые отходы углеобогащения, в том числе тонкодисперсные отходы углеобогащения (ТДОУ), содержащие до 5 – 60 % угля. Хранение указанных отходов на поверхности земли приводит к их самовозгоранию, что существенно загрязняет окружающую среду, особенно вблизи населенных пунктов. At the present time is an urgent problem of ensuring environmentally safe and economically sound processing of industrial waste coal mining, processing and use in the coal regions of Russia. Among these wastes, the greatest environmental hazard is represented by overburden carbonaceous rocks of coal mines, host rocks issued to the surface during the opening and sinking of mine workings, as well as solid wastes of coal processing, including fine coal processing waste (TDOU), containing up to 5 – 60 % of coal. Storing these wastes on the ground surface leads to their spontaneous combustion, which significantly pollutes the environment, especially near populated areas.

Переработка уГляВ Кемеровской области по инициативе губернатора С.Е.Цивилева реализуется новая концепция «Чистый уголь -зеленый Кузбасс», представляющая собой масштабный комплекс мероприятий, который призван трансформировать добывающий регион в экологически благополучную территорию с комфортными условиями для жизни и здоровья людей.В рамках данной концепции авторским коллективом представлены результаты исследований технологических решений, позволяющих решить проблему использования тонкодисперсных угольных шламов современных обогатительных фабрик.Показано, что применение технологий приготовления суспензионного водоугольного топлива и его сжигания в адиабатической вихревой камере обеспечивает реализацию экономики замкнутого цикла при обогащении угля с существенным улучшением экологии угледобывающих регионов.Ключевые слова: угольный шлам, отходы углеобогащения, фильтр-кек (ФК), водоугольное топливо, сжигание в вихревой топке, адиабатические условия, экология угледобывающих регионов.Для цитирования: Обоснование технологических реше ний по переработке тонких угольных шламов на обогати

Increasing the level of technological innovation and energy efficiency in industry is one of the strategic landmarks for the dynamically developing national economy, which determines its growth rate, production capabilities and level of costs in the industry. In the meanwhile, the global power generation sector follows 3E Concept: Economy, Energy and Environment. Its essence lies in the close interconnection of these three categories: “clean” energy should ensure economic growth without harm to the environmental situation in the country and its regions. The Kemerovo Region implements a new Clean Coal – Green Kuzbass concept. This is a largescale activity plan meant to transform the mining region into an ecologically safe territory with comfortable conditions for human life and health. Within the framework of this concept, the project on Technological Facilities for Partial Replacement of Pulverized Coal Fuel by Coal–Water Slurry Fuel at Thermal Power Plants was proposed. The main objectives of the project are: to improve the environmental situation in the Kemerovo Region; to reduce the cost of generating electric andthermal energy; to create new jobs in the region; to scale up the activities, including the global market access. Indicators of the economic efficiency of the proposed investment project indicate its expediency both for suppliers (preparation and transportation of coal-water fuel) and for consumerIncreasing the level of technological innovation and energy efficiency in industry is one of the strategic landmarks for the dynamically developing national economy, which determines its growth rate, production capabilities and level of costs in the industry. In the meanwhile, the global power generation sector follows 3E Concept: Economy, Energy and Environment. Its essence lies in the close interconnection of these three categories: “clean” energy should ensure economic growth without harm to the environmental situation in the country and its regions. The Kemerovo Region implements a new Clean Coal – Green Kuzbass concept. This is a largescale activity plan meant to transform the mining region into an ecologically safe territory with comfortable conditions for human life and health. Within the framework of this concept, the project on Technological Facilities for Partial Replacement of Pulverized Coal Fuel by Coal–Water Slurry Fuel at Thermal Power Plants was proposed. The main objectives of the project are: to improve the environmental situation in the Kemerovo Region; to reduce the cost of generating electric and thermal energy; to create new jobs in the region; to scale up the activities, including the global market access. Indicators of the economic efficiency of the proposed investment project indicate its expediency both for suppliers (preparation and transportation of coal-water fuel) and for consumers (steam shop of the West Siberian TPP). Herewith, implementation of the project is accompanied by both the environmental effect of the safe coal–water slurry fuel and the social effect as the increased employments (steam shop of the West Siberian TPP). Herewith, implementation of the project is accompanied by both the environmental effect of the safe coal–water slurry fuel and the social effect as the increased employment.

Brown coals are valuable natural resource. Brown coals of the Kara-Keche deposit are most of all ready for industrial development in the Kyrgyz Republic. To solve the problems of effective development of brown coal of this deposit, it is necessary to study the issues of direct combustion of water-coal fuel (WCF) without thermal stabilization of the flame with additional sources of heat release. Experimental studies of WCF combustion have been conducted at the experimental industrial technological stand of Siberian State Industrial University, Novokuznetsk city. Structural-rheological and thermal characteristics of a pilot batch of brown coal of the Kara-Keche deposit, as well as data on the organization of efficient combustion of WCF, have been obtained. Brown coal of the Kara-Keche deposit meets the requirements of pipeline transportation and direct combustion in the furnaces of boilers of thermal power plants and boiler houses. The resulted water-coal fuel of brown coal is effectively burned in a vortex adiabatic furnace and the combustion process is like the combustion of WCF of hard coals of “G” type.

A plant for liquefying organic matter has been create to solve the problems of using low-grade coals and waste coal utilization. The results of the performed studies are presented and the prospects for the solution of existing problem are shown, initial data are obtained for creating a pilot sample of the technological complex.

The article presents results of improvement of physicochemical model of coal-water fuel ignition and combustion processes, taking into account ash content and release of volatile substances of solid phase. In this case, model of ignition and combustion of two systems of atomized coal-water fuel: drops and pure coal particles is taken as a basis. As a result of the analysis, the influence of ash content of coal-water fuel on output of combustible gases and content of water vapor in furnace atmosphere was established. Based on comparison of the diffusion coefficients of gases and the calculated values of equilibrium constants of reaction in combustion zone, conclusion has been of the leading role of water vapor oxidation of carbon in vortex adiabatic furnace. Performed numerical calculations have shown that combustion process of the above inhomogeneous systems (droplets and particles) in an adiabatic furnace within a short time becomes identical. Concentrations of volatile substances, oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in various sections of the furnace have been established

The transition of the world energy sector to a new technological paradigm, combining the growth of energy efficiency of production with the simultaneous search for alternative fuel resources to ensure an improvement in the quality of life of the population and the environmental situation of the host regions, imposes special obligations on the management of coal and energy companies and government bodies associated with the development of resource efficient and energy saving organizational -technical solutions. To solve these problems, not only energy-generating enterprises that are fuel consumers should be transformed, but also their suppliers - mines and open-pit mines, adapting the quality characteristics and sales channels of coal products to the requirements of the time. Within the framework of the research carried out by the team of authors: an analysis of the world practice of using pipeline coal transport was carried out; a proposal was formulated for organizing the transportation of Kuzbass coal in the form of coal-water fuel through pipelines to energy enterprises in Western Siberia and the Eastern Urals, a factor analysis of its implementation was carried out: the advantages of hydro transportation of coal in comparison with its supply by rail were identified, possible risks and disadvantages were assessed.

The baseline conditions of technology for producing and burning coal-water slurries in Russia and foreign countries is exposed. The technological and economic efficiency of using this technology for the coal processing and cleaning waste disposal is shown at experimental and industrial facilities. The feasibility studies of the technology usage at large Kuzbass thermal power plants are presented. The possibility of solving a serious environmental problem of reducing the storage of the most coal washing toxic waste volume in the areas where coal processing plants and coal mining enterprises are located is demonstrated. It is shown that on the basis of these wastes, it is possible to prepare a suspension coal-water fuel with a solid phase content of 56-59%, with the required structural and rheological characteristics and a lower calorific value of up to 13 MJ/kg. The boiler with a thermal capacity of 0.58 MW with an eddy combustion system, which effectively operates on coal-processing waste fuel is designed, manufactured and tested. The results of the boiler operation on the specified fuel showed its high efficiency (efficiency is 83-85%) with the level of harmful emissions in the flue gases significantly lower than the permissible values.

The process and equipment have been developed for preparation and burning (at small and medium capacity boiler plants) of slurry coal-water fuel, produced from finely dispersed coal preparation waste (filter cakes) from coal preparation plants of Komsomolets Mine and Named after S. M. Kirov Mine. It was shown that, based on these wastes, it is possible to produce slurry coal-water fuel with solids content of 56-60 %, the required structural and rheological characteristics, and lower heating value of up to 13 MJ/kg. Based on the research findings, detail design was developed for creation of the pilot process complex for processing of waste coal to produce slurry coal-water fuel for burning at boiler plant. Assessment of using the whole volume of the SUEK Kuzbass coal preparation plants waste coal at the nearby Belovskaya SDPP was performed, which showed high economic and environmental efficiency of the proposed project.

A serious problem for coal production is the environmentally friendly utilization of coal mining waste and coal enrichment. In different countries, the best specialists in this field are trying to find the solution of this problem. In the United States, France and China, the technology of preparation and burning of water-coal suspensions (WCS) for the utilization of fine-dispersed wastes of coal enrichment and coal slurries has been successfully used. A boiler with a thermal capacity of 0.63 MW with a vortex combustion system efficiently operating on fuel from coal waste was designed, manufactured and tested. The results of the operation of the boiler on this fuel showed its high efficiency (the efficiency is 83-86%) with the level of harmful emissions in the flue gases below the permissible values.