Relevance. Herd horse breeding is the most ancient way of reproduction and maintenance of horses. The regularities of the growth and development of young animals largely depend on the genotype of the producers. Adai horses are bred in a herd way. Their well-being largely depends on natural and climatic conditions — the state of the weather, grass stand. The breeding zones of the Adai horse are the desert and semi-desert of the western region of Kazakhstan, characterized by a sharply continental climate.Methods. Experimental work was carried out at Taushyk LLP, Tupkaragan district, Mangistau region. The object of the study is pure-bred Kazakh horses of the Mangistau population and Adai offspring. According to scientific experience, two groups of 12 stallions were formed. Feeding qualities were assessed by the increase in live weight in young animals in the period from 24 to 30 months of age. Meat productivity was studied according to the methodology of the All-Russian Research Institute of Horse Breeding, in accordance with the technological instructions adopted in the meat industry.Results. It was found that the greatest increase in live weight in foals of Kazakh horses of the Adai offspring is observed from 3 days of age to 1 month and amounted to 42.9 kg with an average daily gain of 1530 g. For six months the increase in live weight was 84.1 kg, and average daily gain — 460 g. From 6 to 12 months of age the average daily gain in foals decreases to 126.9 g, due to the independent wintering of foals. From 18 to 24 months the minimum increase in live weight was recorded — 24.6 kg. From 24 to 30 months of age the average daily gains slightly increase — to 310 g. It has been established that the coefficient of increase in live weight in Kazakh horses in the conditions of the Mangyshlak Peninsula from birth to 24 months of age is 5.28–5.30, from 24 months. up to 30 months age — 0.51–0.52, from birth to 30 months of age — 8.54—8.56. It was found that the stallions of the Mangystau population exceeded their peers of the Adai offspring in terms of pre-slaughter live weight by 3.8 kg. In terms of slaughter yield stallions of the Adai offspring were inferior to their peers of the Mangistau population by 0.4%. The highest fat content in the meat of both groups is observed in the off-grade cut (kazy + sting) — from 16.0% to 16.4%. Comparatively little fat was contained in grade II meat — from 3.8% to 4.3% and grade III — from 2.3% to 2.7%.

The paper provides an overview of the classification and diagnosis of feline mammary tumors (FMT) in cats. The clinical stage of neoplastic process is one of the driving prognostic factors. In accordance with the WHO recommendations 1980, it is determined by the TNM system: the size of neoplasm, the state of regional lymph nodes and the presence/absence of distant metastases. The clinical stage of the disease is defined based on the obtained data during the examination, surgery and study of the postoperative material (excised tumor, the edges of the resection and regional lymph nodes). It was found that tumors larger than 3 cm have a significantly worse prognosis than tumors smaller than 3 cm. The median survival with a tumor size of less than 3 cm is 1.75 times greater (21 months versus 12 months) than with a tumor size of more than 3 cm. The most significant morphological prognostic factor is the histological type of malignant tumor and the histological gradation of tumor tissue. Among carcinomas, the most invasive are micropapillary, solid and cribriform carcinomas, the most unaggressive is carcinoma in situ. Adverse prognostic factors of mammary cancer in cats are a high Ki67 index of proliferative activity, hyperexpression of Her-2 epidermal growth factor, cyclooxygenase-2, absence or low level of expression of receptors to estrogen and/or progesterone by tumor cells (less than 10%), as well as a high level of expression by tumor cells of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor).

Results of population and genetic structure on 17 microsatellite (MS) DNA loci of horses of the Aday breed bred in the Republic of Kazakhstan are presented. The number of the general population (samples) was 33 animals. Modem Kazakhstan population of the Kazakh horses of the Aday offspring is characterized by the following population and genetic indicators: an average number of alleles (N) -7.17, the average heterozygosity (expected He) -0.8226, average heterozygosity (expected, Ho) - 0.9180, the individual index of fixing (Fis) - 0.1171. 122 alleles were identified, of them 122 informative alleles (with a frequency more than 0.01), private - 0 (with a frequency less than 0.01) and effective - 99.29.

It is established that milk mares of the Kazakh horse of the Aday breed have on average live weight of 389.2 kg, height at the withers of 139.2 cm, an oblique body length of 142.1 cm, a chest girth of 167.6 cm and a metacarpus girth of 17.5 cm. Mares of the Kazakh breed of the Mangystau population surpass in the live weight and body measurements the peers of Aday offspring. Namely, the live weight was 415.3 kg, the height at withers – 140.9 cm, the oblique body length – 143.4 cm, the chest girth – 170.5 cm and the metacarpus girth - 18.3 cm. In general, mares of the Kazakh horse of the Aday offspring are inferior to the minimum requirements for animals of the elite class in height at withers, the chest and metacarpus girths. At the same time, 90% of mares correspond to the 1 quality class. In stallions – producers of the Kazakh horses of the Aday offspring, the live weight averaged 438.7 kg, and in stud horses the Mangystau population – 449,8 kg. Body measurements in Aday horses were 145.2-147.5-169.8-18.5 cm, in the Mangystau population – 145.6-148.1-172.2-18.5 cm, respectively. Some regularities of growth and development of foals from birth to 30 months of age are established. A scale for the development of young Aday horses has been developed.

Mammary tumors (MT) are the 3rd most common neoplasm in cats. The incidence rate is significantly influenced by gender, age, breed, ovarian status, and the use of progestin-based contraceptives. MTs are a group of neoplasms that is heterogeneous in terms of tissue belonging, histological structure, and biological behavior. Malignant tumors are most frequent and compile from 80% to 96% of all tumors and tumor-like mammary lesions. Mammary cancer (MC) prevails, accounting for 91.4% of all cases of malignant tumors. Invasive breast cancer is much more common than carcinoma in situ. Among histological types of breast cancer, cribriform, solid, and tubulopapillary carcinomas predominate; mucous, tubular, and papillary carcinomas are less common.

Milk mares of Aday breed Kazakh horses have an average live weight of 389.2 kg, a height at the withers of 139.2 cm, an obliquus body length of 142.1 cm, a chest girth of 167.6 cm and a pastern girth of 17.5 cm. In stud getters of Aday breed Kazakh horses, the live weight averaged 438.7 kg and in the Mangistau population 449.8 kg. The measurements of the body were 145.2 - 147.5 - 169.8 - 18.5 cm in the Aday breed, and in the Mangistau population, respectively, were 145.6 - 148.1 - 172.2 -18.5 cm. Mares of the Aday breed with an average live weight of 389.2 kg produce 1617.0 l, and the Mangistau population, respectively, 415.3 kg – 1413 l of milk. It was found that 2.5-year-old stallions of the Aday breed are characterized by a higher bone ratio in comparison with peers of the Mangistau population, the difference was 1.7%. On the contrary, the yield of flesh is lower in stallions of the Aday breed in comparison with the Mangistau population by 10.6 kg or 6.7%. So, for 1 kg of bones, the flesh was obtained from stallions of the Mangistau population of 5.76 kg, and Aday breed of 5.05 kg. The population-genetic structure of the Aday breed Kazakh horses shows the differentiation of the population as a whole. The total number of alleles found in 17 microsatellite loci was 122, including informative alleles - 122, effective alleles - 99.28, and private alleles - 0. Indicators of the average expected heterozygosity range from 0.7235 to 0.8695. According to the Fis coefficient (individual fixation index), an excess of heterozygotes was found in all loci. Expected heterozygosity is He =0.8677, observed heterozygosity is Ho =0.8600. The analysis of the studied parameters of the population-genetic structure of the Aday breed Kazakh horses confirmed the presence of intra-population differentiation of animals in the conditions of the Mangyshlak peninsula.

For the first time, camels of hybrid origin of F-2 (25%td, 25%kb, 50%kd), F-3 (12.5%td, 62.5%kb, 25%kd), F-4 (56.25%td, 31.25%kb, 12.5%kd), F-5 (28.1%td, 15.6%kb, 56.2%kd), pure Kazakh bactrian of the South Kazakhstan type and Mangistau population, arvana-Turkmen dromedary, Kazakh dromedary, bred in South Kazakhstan and Mangistau regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, were studied in comparative aspect. The genetic profile of live weight, dairy productivity, wool cutting, body measurements of the studied groups of camels is established. The results of the study showed the efficiency of breeding hybrid camel dams of the dromedary group for the production of camel milk, in view of the optimal ratio of milk fat and protein. The phenotypic profile of camels of the Kazakh dromedary of the Arada F-5 type (28.1%td, 15.6%kb, 56.2%kd), is suitable for breeding "in itself". Camels have one compact hump of medium size-2/3 of the oblique body length. Head profile is hook-nosed. The profile of the neck from the base of the neck to the head without bends is straight. The main color of the fleece (wool) is brown and sandy, without additional coloring. The main color of the covering hair is brown and sandy, there is an additional color that does not exceed 10% of the total livestock.

For the first time the dromedar camels of Kazakhstan population of new genotypes F 5 (28,1%td, 15,6%kb, 56,2%kd) derived by rotational crossbreeding were researched. Detected the genetic productivity potential of dromedar group camels. The results showed that with the increase in the blood share of dromedar, the fat content in milk proportionally reduces. As the blood share of dromedar increases, the rate of protein ratio of milk also rises.

В результате целенаправленной межвидовой гибридизации верблюдиц породы казахский бактриан с лек-производителями туркменского дромедара выведены гибриды первого поколения нар-мая.