The dependence of the concentrations of cultivated microorganisms and total protein on meteorological parameters (wind direction and speed, solar radiation, temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative and absolute humidity) is studied based on three years measurements. Sampling was carried out at the site of the State Scientific Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector” of Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, with simultaneous recording of weather conditions. The concentration of total protein was determined by the fluorescence method of a protein binding reagent, and the concentration of cultivated microorganisms was determined by standard cultural methods. Weather parameters were received from a weather station located near the sampling site. The analysis of the data shows that the concentrations of biological components in aerosol increase with the average temperature, absolute humidity, and illumination during sampling and decrease with an increase in the average relative humidity, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure.

И. С. Андреева 1* , А. С. Сафатов 1 , О. В. Охлопкова 1 , И. К. Резникова 1 , Г

To contribute to the comprehensive study of atmospheric pollution in Siberia, aircraft soundingwas carried out in Northwestern Siberian along the following route: Novosibirsk - Surgut - Igarka - Novosibirsk. This work was aimed at studying the quantity and representation of culturable microorganisms and other biogenic components of the atmosphere at altitudes up to 8,000 m. The air samples were collected to impingers (flow rate 50 ± 5 L/min) where 50 ml of Hanks’ solution (ICN Biomedicals) was used as the sorbing liquid and applied on the fibrous filters. The concentration of biogenic material was recorded, and the concentration and diversity of culturable microorganisms were determined in total protein samples. It was found that the samples of atmospheric air contained 158 mesophilic and psychrophilic microorganisms represented by such genera as Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Nocardia, Arthrobacter, and Rhodococcus. Also, Actinomycete, yeast and fungal cultures were also isolated. Non-sporiferous bacteria were widely presented at all altitudes. Enzymatic activity of the isolated microorganisms and a number of pathogenicity factors present were investigated. The data on quantity and representation of culturable microorganisms and other biogenic components at altitudes up to 8000 m in Northwestern Siberia were obtained for the first time. It is a significant contribution to the study of the atmosphere of this region. The patterns of the observed biodiversity of microorganisms, associated with the sampling altitude or geographic location, should be determined infurther research.

The atmospheric air quality is determined by the concentrations of some gaseous pollutants and mass concentrations of aerosol particles of different sizes. A wide range of atmospheric pollutants in both gaseous and aerosol phases was studied in the vicinity of Gelendzhik in July 2009, simultaneously at several land sites, in the water area of the bay, and at altitudes of up to 2200m. No such complex experiments were carried out in that region before. The following characteristics of the atmospheric aerosol (3 nm–32 μm in size) were studied: elemental composition of particles (23 chemical elements) and concentrations of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (14 compounds), unsaturated hydrocarbons, total protein, biotoxins, and culturable microorganisms. The concentration fields of different air pollutants and the complex air pollution index were constructed using mathematical models of pollutant propagation and data on the hydrometeorological conditions during the period of measurements. The sources of aerosols in the region were detected from the study of the chemical composition of airborne particles. The results allowed us to estimate air pollutants and to calculate the complex air pollution index for the Gelendzhik area. The daily average concentrations of all the pollutants were compared to the daily average maximum permissible concentrations. All these concentrations were less than daily average maximum permissible concentrations. The complex air pollution index did not exceed 1. Hence, the air in the vicinity of Gelendzhik did not contain any significant pollutants in the period under study.

The paper presents unique data of a 12-year (2001-2012) monitoring of the mass concentration of atmospheric aerosol and concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and total protein (TP) in it at the Klyuchi site (Novosibirsk region). It was found that aerosol mass concentrations, OC, and OC/EC ratio have an increasing trend, and TP has a decreasing trend. Seasonal changes in these concentrations and OC/EC and TP/OC ratios are also identified. The comparison of data obtained and recently published for other Asian and European regions show a good agreement between the values and trends for certain regions and the absence of agreement for other regions.

A model of quantitative interpretation of the route observational data on deposition fields in the vicinity of a point source is proposed in terms of a kinematic scheme of the description of the distribution of heavy polydispersed admixtures in the atmosphere. The model allowed for a numerical analysis of experimental data on the benz(a)pirene pollution of snow cover at the end of the winter season of 2008 in the vicinity of the Novosibirsk Electrode Plant. It is shown that a maximal benz(a)pirene amount was deposited as a part of coarse aerosol fractions in the close neighborhood of the tall plant chimney.

The search for the chemical and biomarkers of aerosol originating from the surface microlayer (SML) of water areas of health resort zones at Lake Baikal was performed. The concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Al, Ba, Pb, Cd, As, naphthalene, acenaphthene, acenaphthilene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, perilene, benz (b) fluoranthene, benz(a) pyrene,1,2,5,6-dibenz anthracene, benz(ghi) perilene, and total protein in aerosols and water samples collected from the region were experimentally studied. A direct close interrelation was revealed between the concentrations of all chemical elements in aerosol and water samples. The highest concentrations were recorded for Ca, Mg, Na, and K. A polymerase chain reaction method was employed to determine the similar interrelation between the genetic materials of microorganisms (bacterioplankton) found in water and aerosol. A completely adequate marker reflecting the presence of aerosol generated by SML of Lake Baikal water was not found.

Unusual vertical profiles of concentrations of the total protein and culturable microorganisms in atmospheric aerosol of Southwestern Siberia at the altitudes from 500 to 7000 m were revealed previously. To understand the regularities of their formation, more detailed average annual profiles of these concentrations have been constructed, and their intra-year variation has been evaluated. It has been shown that no local bioaerosol sources contributing to the studied profiles are revealed during the warm period of the year against the background of the mean values of these concentrations of the total protein and culturable microorganisms for the studied atmospheric layer. The relation of the observed concentrations of the total protein and culturable microorganisms in atmospheric aerosol with concentrations of different elements in the same aerosol has been also analyzed. Chemical elements whose vertical profiles behave similarly to the observed vertical profiles of concentrations of the total protein and culturable microorganisms in atmospheric aerosol have been revealed.

The paper is devoted to the results of the eight-year study of the biogenic components of tropospheric aerosol in Southwestern Siberia at the altitudes up to 7,000 m. The most important among them are: the total protein as an indicator of all substances of biological origin and culturable microorganisms as a component, which is most harmful to man. The eight-year dynamics of mean annual values of the above concentrations, their annual variations and altitude profiles are presented. Possible sources of the observed bioaerosols are discussed.

Oil-oxidizing microorganisms have been sampled in various regions of Siberia and used in strain associations, which degrade n-alkanes of oil from various fields by 64–92% after 6 days of growth in a wide temperature range. These strains are salt-tolerant and psychrotolerant. They are compatible with aboriginal soil microflora. Promising results have been obtained in experiments on growing plants on oil-polluted soil purified with a biodegrader of this series.