The dependence of the concentrations of cultivated microorganisms and total protein on meteorological parameters (wind direction and speed, solar radiation, temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative and absolute humidity) is studied based on three years measurements. Sampling was carried out at the site of the State Scientific Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector” of Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, with simultaneous recording of weather conditions. The concentration of total protein was determined by the fluorescence method of a protein binding reagent, and the concentration of cultivated microorganisms was determined by standard cultural methods. Weather parameters were received from a weather station located near the sampling site. The analysis of the data shows that the concentrations of biological components in aerosol increase with the average temperature, absolute humidity, and illumination during sampling and decrease with an increase in the average relative humidity, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure.

И. С. Андреева 1* , А. С. Сафатов 1 , О. В. Охлопкова 1 , И. К. Резникова 1 , Г

The concentration and diversity of cultivated bacteria and fungi isolated from samples of atmospheric aerosols taken during airborne sounding of the atmosphere at altitudes from 200 to 10,000 m above the seas of the Russian sector of the Arctic: the Barents Sea, the Kara Sea, the Laptev Sea, the East Siberian Sea, the Chukchi Sea, and the Bering Sea. Most of the samples analyzed showed the presence of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria and fungi that can cause infectious and allergic diseases.

Microorganisms of atmospheric aerosols sampled at four sites with different anthropogenic load in Novosibirsk in the period from September 2020 to December 2021 are studied. Atmospheric aerosols were sampled monthly by atmospheric air filtration on reinforced Teflon membranes Sartorius for 12 h, with two-week lags. Under those sampling conditions, spore-forming bacteria of the genus Bacillus and cocci of the genera Staphylococcus and Micrococcus predominated among the cultured bacteria in winter. In the spring–summer and autumn samples of atmospheric aerosols, the concentrations and diversity of coccal forms, spore-forming and non-spore-forming bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi sharply increased. We have identified a significant number of hemolytic spore-forming bacteria and staphylococci, which are multiresistant to antibiotics and have enzymes contributing to the development of an infectious process.

The diversity of spore-forming bacteria isolated from high-altitude and near-surface aerosol samples while monitoring the biogenic component of atmospheric air in the south of Western Siberia is investigated. A significant predominance of spore-forming bacteria over representatives of other microorganism groups was recorded from October to December 2016. Sixty-two culturable cultures of endospore-forming bacteria were isolated from the aerosol samples collected in that period. Their morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics were studied, their genomic identification performed, and their enzymatic activity determined. The isolated and characterized bacterial cultures are identified as belonging to the genera Bacillus , Paenibacillus , Brevibacillus , Lysinibacillus , etc. and possessing biotechnologically significant proteolytic, amylolytic, phosphatasic, lipolytic, and nuclease activities.

The results of studies of a newly isolated Serratia species K-57 strain are presented. The strain is characterized by antiviral activity towards human influenza A/Aichi/2/68/H3N2, vaccinia, mouse smallpox, and herpes simplex-2 viruses. The detected characteristics of the strain, including the data on activities on nucleolytic enzymes, recommend it for the development of therapeutic and preventive antiviral drugs.

Data on the number and diversity of psychrotolerant yeast isolated from high-altitude and surface samples of atmospheric aerosol from southwestern Siberia are derived from a microbiological study. According to certain phenotypic and genomic characteristics, the yeast isolates are referred to the Saccharomyces, Candida, Sporidiobolus, Aureobasidium, Sporobolomyces, Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula, and some other genera. Both saprophytic and pathogenic microorganisms are detected. Aureobasidium yeast strains are revealed, which actively produce exopolysaccharides and melanin and are promising for biotechnological developments.

The morphological and physiological characteristics of Bacillus thuringiensis strains were analyzed and conditions for obtaining culture fluid with maximum yield of secreted RNases were determined. Zymographic analysis showed that culture fluid of B. thuringiensis strains along with low-molecular-weight (15-20 kDa) RNases contained enzymes with a molecular weight ~55 kDa and their content depended on the duration and conditions of culturing. Preparations based on B. thuringiensis culture fluid were effective against human influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2). In experiments on mice infected with 10 LD50 influenza virus strain A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2), we selected effective variants of preparations based on culture fluid of B. thuringiensi strains for preventive administration that provided reliable protection of infected animals (protection coefficient 50%), close to that of the reference drug Tamiflu.

To contribute to the comprehensive study of atmospheric pollution in Siberia, aircraft soundingwas carried out in Northwestern Siberian along the following route: Novosibirsk - Surgut - Igarka - Novosibirsk. This work was aimed at studying the quantity and representation of culturable microorganisms and other biogenic components of the atmosphere at altitudes up to 8,000 m. The air samples were collected to impingers (flow rate 50 ± 5 L/min) where 50 ml of Hanks’ solution (ICN Biomedicals) was used as the sorbing liquid and applied on the fibrous filters. The concentration of biogenic material was recorded, and the concentration and diversity of culturable microorganisms were determined in total protein samples. It was found that the samples of atmospheric air contained 158 mesophilic and psychrophilic microorganisms represented by such genera as Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Nocardia, Arthrobacter, and Rhodococcus. Also, Actinomycete, yeast and fungal cultures were also isolated. Non-sporiferous bacteria were widely presented at all altitudes. Enzymatic activity of the isolated microorganisms and a number of pathogenicity factors present were investigated. The data on quantity and representation of culturable microorganisms and other biogenic components at altitudes up to 8000 m in Northwestern Siberia were obtained for the first time. It is a significant contribution to the study of the atmosphere of this region. The patterns of the observed biodiversity of microorganisms, associated with the sampling altitude or geographic location, should be determined infurther research.

Monitoring of near-surface and high-altitude samples of atmospheric aerosols has been performed on the territory of Novosibirsk region since 1998. This study presents the diversity and enzymatic activity of spore-forming bacteria isolated in the autumn of 2016 from high-altitude and near-ground samples obtained during monitoring of viable microorganisms in the atmospheric aerosols of Southwestern Siberia. A significant predominance of spore-forming bacteria over representatives of other microorganism groups was recorded during this period. This phenomenon might have been caused by a typical for the studied region influence of the southwestern wind, which carries dust particles from the steppes and deserts of Central Asia. These particles are usually contaminated with a large number of endospore forming bacteria. Biochemical and physiological features of the isolated spore forming bacteria were studied, their genomic identification was performed, and their enzymatic activity was determined. Based on the combination of phenotypic properties and genomic analysis of data, the obtained cultures were identified as belonging to the genera Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Brevibacillus, Lysinibacillus, Oceanobacillus and some others. The following species were identified among the representatives of the genus, i.e. Bacillus: B. beringensis, B. boroniphilus, B. cereus, B. firmus, B. korlensis, B. pumilus, B. thuringiensis, B. subtilis, B. brevis . The isolated spore-forming bacteria included strains with high amylolytic, proteolytic, lipolytic and nuclease activity They are capable of utilizing fatty acid esters, solid fats, oils and petroleum products. The most productive lipase producers were bacteria of the genus Lysinibacillus capable of fermentation at pH 5.0-9.0. Strains secreting high levels of the tested enzymes may be useful for biotechnological application.

Исследованы морфологические, культуральные и антагонистические свойства бактериального изолята, формирующего параспоральные кристаллы, выделенного из осадочных пород Байкала. В соответствии с выявленными фенотипическими признаками штамм определен как Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. galleriae. Показана его инсектицидная активность к представителям отрядов Lepidoptera, Coleoptera и Diptera, антибиотическая активность к таким патогенным микроорганизмам как Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella thiphimurium, Shigella sonnei, Candida albicans и ряду других, а также высокая активность относительно вирусов гриппа человека A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) и вируса гриппа птиц A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 (H5N1), что позволяет считать штамм Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. galleriae АК-4 перспективными для дальнейшей разработки инсектицидных, антимикробных и противовирусных препаратов.

В настоящем сообщении представлены результаты микробиологических исследований мерзлотных могильников Олон-Курин-Гол-6 (курган № 2) и Олон-Курин-Гол-10 (курган № 1), уникальных, погребальных комплексов пазырыкской культуры, открытых в 2006 г. на северо-западе Монголии на южном склоне Сайлюгемского хребта совместной российско-германско-монгольской экспедицией, возраст которых исчисляется почти в 2,5 тыс. лет (IV-III век до н.э.) [1]. Оценена численность и разнообразие обнаруженных культивируемых микроорганизмов, продукция ими ряда ферментов, устойчивость к антибиотикам, наличие плазмидных ДНК, патогенные свойства. На основе результатов анализа нуклеотидных последовательностей 16SpРНК и фенотипических признаков определена родовая принадлежность большей части штаммов.

Исследована возможность подавления размножения вируса гриппа человека A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) и вируса гриппа птиц A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005 (H5N1) на культуре ткани MDСK водорастворимыми метаболитами штаммов Bacillus thuringiensis. Проведенные исследования показали, что наряду с отсутствующей или незначительной токсичностью исследуемые опытные образцы препаратов показали высокую активность против вирусов гриппа, что делает перспективным дальнейшую их разработку в целях борьбы с вирусами гриппа человека и птиц.

Strains of rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming bacteria exhibiting negative Gram reaction were revealed after inoculation of soil, water, and silt samples from springs of the Valley of Geysers (Kamchatka) onto complete media at pH 5.0, 7,0, and 9.0 and cultivation at 28–30°C. The bacterial isolates differed in their phenotypic characteristics and in the G + C content of genomic DNA, which ranged from 41.1 to 53 mol %. The analysis of 16S rRNA gene nucleotide sequences of all isolated strains (GenBank EU497635-EU497641) revealed their close homologues among the known species of the genus Paenibacillus. At the same time, all the studied bacilli (Dg-824, Dg-904, Dg-1009, Gi-662, Gi-724, K-58, etc.) differed significantly from the nearest phylogenetic neighbors in their phenotypic characteristics, including the Gram reaction, the DNA G + C content, and a number of other determinative characteristics; therefore, they could not be assigned to previously known species.

The search for the chemical and biomarkers of aerosol originating from the surface microlayer (SML) of water areas of health resort zones at Lake Baikal was performed. The concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Al, Ba, Pb, Cd, As, naphthalene, acenaphthene, acenaphthilene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, perilene, benz (b) fluoranthene, benz(a) pyrene,1,2,5,6-dibenz anthracene, benz(ghi) perilene, and total protein in aerosols and water samples collected from the region were experimentally studied. A direct close interrelation was revealed between the concentrations of all chemical elements in aerosol and water samples. The highest concentrations were recorded for Ca, Mg, Na, and K. A polymerase chain reaction method was employed to determine the similar interrelation between the genetic materials of microorganisms (bacterioplankton) found in water and aerosol. A completely adequate marker reflecting the presence of aerosol generated by SML of Lake Baikal water was not found.