The article presents the biographic data about professor K. N. Kulchitsky. It concerns his scientific and practical contribution to the development of histological investigations in Kharkov Imperial University and in London University College. Consideration is also being given to the social and political activity of the scientist, including as Minister of Education for all of Russia Imperia.

In the thyroid gland of children dying before the age of 6 months, from HIV-infected mothers, revealed a change in the secretion of gland type into emergency holocrine, indicating on tension of compensatory possibilities of gland due to the influence of antenatal and postnatal hypoxia. Immunohistochemical study of the thyroid gland in children dying before the age of 6 months, from HIV-infected mothers revealed a decrease in the emission intensity of thyrocytes in preparations treated as ICA to T3 and T4 to ICA.

First studied features of defeat of the thymus in women with generalized myasthenia flowing on a background atrophy and hyperplasia of thymus with further development of criteria of before and after the operating prognosis of thymectomy. It is set that GM in women flows on a background atrophy of thymus with making progress thymycal (suppressor) insufficiency or on a background hyperplasia with thymycal hyperactivity and these morphological displays GM in a thymus have different pathogenesis. By the criteria of ineffectiveness of thymectomy at GM it is necessary to count atrophy of thymus, absolute deficit of T-suppressor-cell in the parenchyma of thymus and whey of blood, deficit of IgG and IgA, in the whey of blood.

For the first time, the structure of thymus disease incidence in Kharkiv region within the period of 1990-2005 was investigated and analyzed. Two hundred and forty four cases of thymus diseases (173 women and 71 men) were registered during this period. The most frequent disease of the thymus in women is hyperplasia, in men lymphoepithelial thymoma.